Management Of Non-timber Forest Products Research Articles

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dalam Perintisan Destinasi Wisata Minat Khusus di Desa Hutan Jabranti, Kuningan

Jabranti Village, located in Kuningan Regency, is the focus of the Student Organization Capacity Strengthening Program (PPK Ormawa) for Nature Lovers Forestry Students (MAHAKUPALA) with the topic Forest Village. This area is rich in biodiversity, including the presence of flora, various fauna as well as local wisdom and the existence of cultural sites. The aim of this activity is to increase the use of local wisdom and natural resources by the community, create new groups, increase community competence in resource management, and form special interest educational tourism destinations based on environmental preservation and local culture. The method of implementing activities is providing outreach, biodiversity inventory, interviews, training and mentoring to local communities and special interest educational tourism management groups as well as non-timber forest product management groups. This series of activities received a good response from participants, providing a very significant increase, creating a new source of income and making Jabranti Village a center for forest conservation in Kuningan Regency.

The economy behind the forest: Understanding the effects of hunting and wildlife trade on the lives of tambrauw people

Backgorund: The objective of this study is to assess the usage and economic significance of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) derived from animal hunting and trading in Warmandi Village and Weyaf Village, located in the Tambrauw Regency of Southwest Papua. Method: The research employed a descriptive methodology with a quantitative orientation. The collection of primary data involved the use of observation, interviews, and questionnaires with 13 key respondents who are employed as hunters in the two communities. Findings: The findings revealed that the primary commodities consist of four distinct wildlife species, specifically deer, wild boar, Mambruk birds, and tree kangaroos. The annual economic value of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) derived from wildlife amounted to Rp175,680,000. Wild boar made the highest contribution, accounting for 61% of the total value, followed by deer at 31%, Mambruk birds at 7%, and tree kangaroos at 1%. Non-timber forest product (NTFP) use is conducted through diverse methods, which encompass the trade of unprocessed, processed, and conserved meat. Game products are sold not only in Tambrauw Regency but also in the markets of Manokwari and Sorong Regencies. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the significance of sustainable management and government oversight in harnessing the economic potential of wildlife non-timber forest products (NTFPs) for the well-being of local populations. Novelty/Originality of this article: By revealing the specific economic value of different wildlife species, this study provides new insights into the importance of sustainable NTFP management in complex socio-ecological contexts.

Does commercialization lead to more intensive management strategies? Decision-making for the utilization of non-timber forest products in a Nahua area of the Sierra Negra, Mexico

BackgroundThe commercialization of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) provides income for rural indigenous households. The integration of NTFPs into formal markets tends to intensify management practices to ensure production and monetary benefits. However, more research is needed to understand the motivations for managing of commercialized species. We examine the influence of social, ecological, and economic factors on traditional management and how they drive the adoption of more or less intensive practices for subsistence and commercially traded NTFPs.MethodsThe study was conducted in the Nahua community of Ixtacxochitla, in the Sierra Negra of central Mexico, where we conducted free lists and semi-structured interviews in 32% of the 88 households to assess socio-ecological variables related to management practices. In addition, we interviewed local traders to assess commercial variables used in a cost–benefit model to calculate the net annual income of commercialized species. Non-metric multidimensional scaling was used to analyze relationships between socio-ecological variables and management practices. We also explored the relationship between management and commercial factors using principal component analysis.ResultsWe recorded 64 plant and mushroom species of NTFPs used for medicinal, ornamental, ceremonial, and edible purposes, 36 of which are commercialized in the municipal market of Coyomeapan. The commercialized species generated an average annual net income of MXN 67,526 (USD 3924) per family, with five species contributing the most. Species both used for both subsistence and commercialization were managed through incipient in situ gathering, tolerance in ex situ anthropogenic areas, and intensive protection and propagation efforts in ex situ environments. Even the five species with the highest commercial returns were managed across this gradient of practices. Key factors influencing the adoption of more intensive species management practices were feasibility of management, type of species use, ecological abundance, frequency of consumption, and cultural importance.ConclusionsThe intensification of NTFPs management is not solely driven by the commercial value of the products or the level of income generated. Instead, the interaction between socio-ecological and economic factors determines the extent of management practices. The main constraint to the implementation of intensive practices has been the inability to manage species outside their natural habitats, despite their cultural significance and frequent consumption. Understanding the factors involved in the harvesting of NTFPs can serve as the basis for future research aimed at analyzing the conditions for successful and sustainable NTFPs commercialization.

Conflicts Between Policy and Local People in Valuing Non-timber Forest Products: Perspectives from Nepal

The paper presents an historical account of policy in Nepal regarding non-timber forest product management, and then analyzes the policy in terms of national and local perspectives on the values of these products. It is demonstrated that the conflict between policy-makers and local people has resulted in degradation of forest resources, particularly non-timber forest products. Based upon casestudies, it is shown that although the valuation gap is narrowing with the implementation of participatory forestry, local perspectives have not been adequately accommodated by state policies. Finally, it is suggested that policy guidelines be based upon local perspectives in order to realize the potential contribution of non-timber forest products to sustainable forest management and thenational economy.

NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS DEVELOPMENT: A SMALL BUSINESS STRATEGY OF WALNUT

The management of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) holds significant benefits for forest-adjacent communities, including the potential for commercial ventures such as the walnut enterprise. This study aims to examine the walnut business in Onto Village, Bontomatene District, Selayar Islands Regency, Indonesia, analyse internal and external factors, and formulate a development strategy for the walnut business. This study employs SWOT analysis and the Analytic Hierarchy Process. The findings suggest that the walnut industry has the potential to be a profitable venture and a standout product in the region. Internal factor analysis indicates that the the availability of labour is the most significant strength (0.021) in the walnut business, while insufficient accessibility of commodity sources represents the most notable weakness (0.085). On the external front, a promising farming business emerges as the highest priority opportunity (0.146), whereas the absence of a walnut business development program poses the most significant threat (0.235). The prioritised strategy for implementation is the W-T2 strategy, with a value of 0.75, focusing on enhancing community and government cooperation to improve infrastructure, particularly roads leading to walnut fields.

Profile Characteristics of Khasi Tribal Farmers Engaging in Collection and Management of Non-Timber Forest Products in Meghalaya, India

Tribal farmers belong to indigenous communities and engage in agricultural activities, agroforestry or even non-timber forest product harvesting as their primary livelihood. These farmers are part of ethnic groups with distinct traditions, languages and social structures. Therefore, studying the profile characteristics of these farmers is essential for understanding their unique socio-economic and cultural contexts. This study was conducted on 160 tribal farmers from East Khasi Hills and Ri Bhoi district of Meghalaya, primarily engaged in the collection and management of non-timber forest products. The research, utilized an ex post facto design. Findings revealed that most respondents were young or middle aged, with diverse educational backgrounds. Housing was mainly wooden or concrete with asbestos sheets. Material possession ranged from low to medium, and family sizes were typically medium to large, with nuclear families prevailing. Social and political participation varied, while income distribution skewed towards the low to medium range. Local and regional markets were preferred by over two-thirds of respondents. Livestock ownership, landholding sizes and indebtedness patterns demonstrated diversity. Engagement with mass media, cosmopoliteness, extension contact, participation and opinion leadership varied, with many falling into low to medium categories. Awareness of development schemes was significant, indicating a connection to broader societal initiatives. Tribal farmers displayed diverse levels of scientific orientation, risk and economic motivation, market orientation, and fatalistic attitudes. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, researchers and development practitioners, facilitating tailored interventions to address the unique needs and aspirations of this farming community.

The Local Wisdom Management of Non-Timber Forest Products of Bamboo plants by Batulaya people in Kecamatan Tinambung Kabupaten Polewali Mandar

Local wisdom is part of a society's culture which has values, norms, and is usually passed down from generation to generation through stories and knowledge that develops in society. This research aims to examine the forms of local wisdom of the Batulaya Village community in managing bamboo plants. This type of research is qualitative which uses several informants to conduct interviews with a triangulation approach. There are two sources of data used, namely primary data including information obtained directly through the respondent interview process and secondary data including journal or article references. The results of the research show that on 1 (Muharram) it is not permissible to plant bamboo, in maintaining bamboo plants there are "ussul" (Abstinence), bamboo felling cannot be done too early because there is a lot of "undu" (Dew), bamboo is used as flooring for houses because it has comfort value and is used as a traditional musical instrument.

Role of Participatory Forest Management (PFM) Institutions in the Management of Non-Timber Forest Products: A Roadmap from Kerala

Role of Participatory Forest Management (PFM) Institutions in the Management of Non-Timber Forest Products: A Roadmap from Kerala

Analysis of the Potential of Non-Timber Forest Products at Siarsikarsik Village Forest Management Institute, Lumban Julu Village, Lumban Julu District, Toba Regency

Forest utilization through social forestry management within state forest areas is implemented to realize forest sustainability, community welfare, and environmental balance, and accommodate socio-cultural dynamics, requiring approval, recognition, and capacity building for the community. This study aims to analyze the potential of priority Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) at the Siarsikarsik Village Forest Management Institute (LPHD), Pasar Lumban Julu Village, Lumban Julu District, Toba Regency. The research was conducted from August to September 2022 using primary and secondary data. The method used is to conduct a census of the LPHD management population. The data analysis technique uses the stages of reduction, presentation, verification, and conclusion. From the interview results, it was found that the priority NTFP potentials were honey, rattan, incense, sugar palm, and ornamental plants. The obstacle in NTFP management is the low level of human resources and institutional capacity. Capacity building is the main strategy in supporting the development of NTFP management.

Potential Resources of NTFPs and Socio-economic Empowerment in the Rural Economy of Telangana, India

Forests are very important resources for the livelihood, sustenance and for commerce generation to forest inhabitants. Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) such as medicinal, leaves, flowers (corolla), fruits, seeds, bamboos, gums, resins offer seasonal employment to local people and provide socio-economic empowerment in the rural economy. The present study focuses on the NTFPs as potential resources and their role in livelihoods improvement of rural people of Telangana, India. Hence, over exploitation and unscientific harvesting practices are the major threats for the loss of natural resources and the present study highly recommends the conceptual framework for the conservation and sustainable management of NTFPs for their bio-based economy potential to the poorest section of society.

Understanding indigenous knowledge in sustainable management of NTFPs agroforestry in Indonesia: a case of Southern Sumatra

Peoples’ utilization and management of non-timber forest products in a sustainable manner is influenced by traditional knowledge and regulations. Communities near forests in Southern Sumatra, Indonesia, continue to rely on forest resources to cover their basic needs. However, as more people use the forests to collect non-timber forest products, their availability is decreasing. Qualitative research methods and literature studies were applied in this paper to document local communities in the provinces of South Sumatra, Bengkulu, and Jambi in applying their traditional knowledge and local wisdom to manage dragon’s blood (Daemonorops spp.) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanii Blume). These priceless NTFPs (non-timber forest products) played a significant role in supporting people’s livelihoods and protecting the natural resources in their forest area. The community implemented a sustainable harvesting system to maintain the availability of resources so that the community still has the opportunity to collect NTFPs as a source of income in the future. Along with the decrease in these natural resources, the community has begun to develop an agroforestry system of NTFPs, coffee, and other crops. This domestication activity was expected to ensure the sustainability of production and to prevent overexploitation of forest resources. In the long run, involving indigenous knowledge was needed in maintaining natural resources to achieve sustainable development of NTFPs agroforestry in Indonesia.

Livelihood and Socio-Economic Challenges in Medicinal and Non-Timber Forest Product Management in India: A Review

Livelihood and Socio-Economic Challenges in Medicinal and Non-Timber Forest Product Management in India: A Review

Synthesis and Analysis of Experiences in Ecosystem Services

Considering that the initiatives of payment for environmental services (PES) are already a reality in Brazil, the present work aimed to promote a critical analysis of experiences in ecosystem services, so that new initiatives can take advantage of it to overcome difficulties in the implementation of PES projects and programs. Using systematization methods, ten experiences were synthesized and analyzed (Oásis Project; Bolsa Floresta Program; Conservador das Águas Project in Extrema/MG; Water Guardian Program; Ecosystem services in APA da Fazendinha; Quintais Amazônicos Project; BioREC Project – Mamirauá; REDD+ projects in practice and the evolution of voluntary markets; REDD+ opportunities for the Amazon; Carbono RECA Project). They were presented and discussed at the Amazon Ecosystem Services Experiences Seminar (online), held between March 23 and 26, 2021. PES projects are consolidated as important instruments to support the recovery and conservation of natural areas, and can contribute, in a transitional way, to other sustainable development initiatives in the Amazon. In deforested regions, crop converted lands, and regions under pressure of illegal deforestation, PES can support reforestation initiatives, combined or not with production systems, for the purposes of biodiversity conservation, carbon sequestration and water supply. Combining nature conservation through PES with sustainable production systems (Agroforestry, Forestry and Non-Timber Forest Products Management, Fisheries management and aquaculture, Regenerative Agriculture, Agroecological Livestock, among others) presents itself as a good alternative for the sustainability of the Amazon and for their people.

From Within and Without: Gender, Agency and Sustainable Management of Non-Timber Forest Products in Two Indian States

Non-timber forest products (NTFP) from trees are often collected using unsustainable practices, which contributes to the species’ decline and affects the livelihoods and wellbeing of the most forest-dependent groups, such as women, ethnic minorities and the landless. Here we assess opportunities to improve the sustainability of NTFP collection practices across two landscapes in India, using an agency perspective where male and female NTFP collectors themselves identified and evaluated practices and potential interventions for species of their choice. We developed a framework for identifying community-based solutions for NTFP management and carried out participatory exercises in gender-segregated groups in ten rural communities across two states. Unsustainable collection practices such as cutting branches to collect fruits were somewhat more common among women than men, and more common in the more degraded landscape with weaker forest management institutions. Participants described ecological and economic impacts of collection practices in detail, including impacts on future yields, regeneration and product prices. Proposed solutions to improve NTFP management in the less degraded landscape were focused on incentivising sustainable use and working through village institutions, external actors, or both in collaboration. In the more degraded landscape, participants emphasised sanctions and did not frequently propose the existing village institutions to take action. Women proposed collaboration with external actors less often than men. The results indicate that agency perspectives are useful in stimulating discussion about locally relevant NTFP management options, but that social and gender norms and poor relationships with forestry authorities constrain the agency of vulnerable groups in identifying opportunities for change.

Survey and Ethnobotanical Investigations of Key Non-Timber Forest Products in Home Gardens and Sacred Forests in Cross River State, Nigeria

A survey and ethnobotanical investigations were done in six Local Government Areas (LGAs), Cross River State, Nigeria, to examine the social and economic value and management practices of the primary Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in home gardens and sacred forests. The six LGAs were purposively selected based on the vegetation types. The vegetation types include tropical high forest/freshwater swamp mosaic as ecotype 1, tropical high forest as ecotype 2 and tropical high forest/savannah mosaic as ecotype 3 for Akpabuyo and Akamkpa, Ikom and Obubra, and Obudu and Boki. The study was conducted in 12 sacred forests and 60 home gardens in 30 randomly selected communities within the 11six LGAs. A stratified multi-stage random sampling was used with group interviews, personal observation and structured questionnaires as study tools. Also, a simple close traverse was adopted for area determination for home gardens and sacred forests, while the stock survey approach was used for identification, enumeration and measurements of NTFPs/ tree species in the study areas. One thousand and fifty questionnaires were administered to respondents randomly selected from 30 communities in the six LGAs to provide data on NTFPs. Results showed that 69.5% and 61.5% of the respondents were involved in home garden farming and sacred forest conservation, while 64.2% were farmers and only 21% were involved in NTFPs production to supplement farm income. The product contributed significantly to household food security, and the majority of the respondents (62.9%) were women. Volume production in ecotypes 1, 2 and 3 was 18.40, 14.00 and 13.18 m³/ha, respectively. The analysis of variance showed that the number of stem/ha, the dbh (cm), the based area (m²/ha) and the volume (m³/ha) were not significantly different in the three ecotypes. The results also showed that ethnobotanical practices of NTFPs in home gardens and sacred forests have assisted in having proper methods of conservation and sustainable management of the existing forest products. Recommendations were proffered to eradicate or ameliorate the perceived problems. Finally, this study provides relevant information which would be inestimable in promoting and improving improper management of NTFPs in home gardens and sacred forests.

Marketing of non-timber forest products as a means of income generation in Oja-oba market, Iseyin local government area, Oyo State

Background: This study examined marketing of non-timber forest products as a means of income generation in Oja-Oba Market, Iseyin Local Government of Oyo State. Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) have been located to play an important position in family financial system and food security. Methods: In the present study, a simple random sampling was used to choose ninety-four respondents (25 % sampling depth) from 376 marketers that were identified. A total of seventy-eight responses were retrieved from the 94 questionnaires distributed. Data were analyzed using descriptive information and budgetary evaluation. Results: Most of the of respondents (51.4%) were the ages of 31 and 40 years old, female (51.3%), married (73.1%), had adult schooling (34.6%), have been farmers (60.3 %), had 11-20yrs experience (44.9%), and had been indigenous (69.2%). Many of the marketed NTFPs had been bush meat (73.1%), honey and bee wax (71.8%), fuel wood (60.3%), and Shea butter (60.3 %). The charges of NTFPs numerous at diverse tiers, for example, bush meat that sells for #2500.00 on the farm level is in the end offered at #6000.00 to very last purchasers. This also carried out to different NTFPs advertised in the place, indicating that NTFP marketing turned into a profitable enterprise in the study area. Profitability of the very best marketed NTFPs (bush meat) revealed an average gross margin of #34,040.00 and a net profit of #28,040.00, whilst the benefit cost Ratio was 2.53, indicating that for each # 2.00 invested in the business, there was a go back of 53kobo. Poor transportation (35.9%), a lack of storage facilities (23.1%), deforestation (12.8%), and price fluctuation are the various fundamental issues encountered (11.5%). Marketing NTFPs is a rewarding commercial enterprise which could assist improve rural livelihoods. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it was determined that the area was highly enriched with various varieties of NTFPs that serve the needs of the residents. It was recommended that Sustainable forest management of non-timber forest products should be implemented as a development strategy in the study area to ensure the continuous availability of non-timber forest products in the study area.

Livelihood Gains and Ecological Costs from Household Strategies for the Management of Non-Timber Forest Products: The Case of Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary, Cambodia

Though non-timber forest products (NTFPs) have been given a high priority in addressing rural poverty and ecosystem services, policy makers tend to neglect the role of NTFPs because they lack readily available evidence. Classifying NTFPs based on their role in household livelihood strategies enables and explains the opportunities and potential of NTFPs for livelihood development and conservation. Therefore, this study emphasizes understanding NTFPs in household livelihood strategies in the rural economy of Cambodia and the factors that influence livelihood strategy choices. This study was carried out in Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary (PPWS), Cambodia in 2016. The data was collected using structured questionnaire interviews. Random sampling was used to select 310 respondents from six communities in PPWS. Four household livelihood strategies were found according to: the level of integration of NTFPs into cash income, the level of contribution of NTFPs to household income, and the level of management of NTFPs. The identified NTFP household livelihood strategies are subsistence strategy, supplementary strategy, diversified strategy, and specialized strategy. These strategies can be considered as part of the process of evolution to an improved level of livelihood, in which rural people first seek to survive and then to increase their income over time. The management of NTFPs ensures minimum transformation of the forest structure allowing for multiple uses of the forest and maintaining relatively high biodiversity. Geographic conditions, household capital, and household characteristics were found to be the most important factors determined the choice of household livelihood strategy.

Sustainability indicators of the Brazil nut tree management

Brazil nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl) management, is a traditional activity that plays a key role in the economy of forestbased Amazon communities and in the conservation of forests. Nevertheless, some threats and critical points related to sustainability indicate to the need for establishment of monitoring procedures that can assist in the management of this natural resource. The overall aim of the research was to evaluate the MESMIS method as a tool to support the participatory definition of sustainability indicators to monitor Brazil nut management, and the viability of Brazil nut harvest over time. For that, we carried out a case study in the Porvir Community, RESEX Chico Mendes, Acre State (Brazil), aiming to integrate the perceptions of Brazil nut harvesters, researchers, managers, and technicians to define the indicators. The result was the generation of 18 strategic indicators to assess sustainability in the environmental, technical-economic and social dimensions. Assessment parameters, representing conditions that must be achieved for system sustainability, were collectively defined for each indicator. The main critical values attributed in the evaluation of the indicators are related to Brazil nut commercialization to intermediaries and oscillation in the annual fruit production. The use of the MESMIS method was considered appropriate to the studied context and can be recommended to similar non-timber forest product management systems.

Contributions of non-timber forest products to people in mountain ecosystems and impacts of recent climate change

ABSTRACT Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are some of nature’s most important contributions to people in mountain regions and their provision is increasingly affected by climate change. Here, we identify the types of NTFPs and their contributions to people in the mountain communities of the Upper Madi Watershed of Nepal and describe how these are being impacted by climate change. We used a field-based household survey supplemented with key informant interviews to collect quantitative and qualitative data on their use of NTFPs and perceptions of recent climate change impacts. Our results show that mountain communities accrue multiple benefits from NTFPs including provisioning services (fuelwood, food, fodder, bamboo products, fiber, agricultural tools, and medicines) and cultural services (ornaments, and ritual products). Most NTFPs are used for subsistence but some also have market value. Locals perceived climate change to be impacting NTFPs and their benefits to people, in particular via increases in extreme events such as hailstorms and pest plant invasion. Understanding the contributions of NTFPs to people and the impacts of climate change is crucial for supporting policymakers, stakeholders, and practitioners in designing and implementing adaptation strategies for the continued supply, protection, and management of NTFPs in mountain communities.

Non-timber forest products as livelihood restoration in forest conservation: A restorative justice approach

The restoration of the livelihood of forest-based communities is an important element of forest conservation. In this study, we developed a framework of restorative justice to critically evaluate the fairness and equity of the management of non-timber forest products (NTFPs), which is often considered an important means of livelihood restoration in forest conservation. The framework, consisting of three tenets—recognitional, procedural, and distributive justice—was applied to an ethnographic study conducted in the Greater Khingan Range—a key site of forest conservation in China. The findings reveal that attempts to commercialize and use NTFPs have failed to achieve restorative justice. From the perspective of recognition justice, which concerns the different viewpoints being considered in decision-making, there is an imbalance in representation—higher-level government's preferences for certain action result in the creation of political projects, even though they are not likely to succeed, whereas local, bottom-up NTFP projects are ignored and under-supported by the government. From the procedural perspective, the lack of engagement of experts and participation of public undermines the quality of NTFP projects and the implementation of NTFP management policies. From the distribution perspective, the opportunities to gain benefits from NTFP projects are not equally distributed between state-owned forestry enterprise (SOFE) workers and non-workers. These findings show that it is important to incorporate fairness and equity issues considerations in the design and evaluation of NTFP projects, and our restorative justice framework provides an analytical basis to do so.