National Disaster Management Research Articles

The Role of Kodam XIV / Hasanuddin Health Team in Natural Disaster Management

The role of the Kodam XIV / Hasanuddin and TNI health teams in natural disaster management is essential to provide health services and prevent more casualties. However, a deeper understanding of the effectiveness and challenges faced is needed. This study aims to analyze the role of Kodam XIV / Hasanuddin Health in natural disaster management, focusing on mitigation governance, early warning, and disaster preparedness. This research uses qualitative descriptive methods to describe what is happening in the field in related agencies. Data is collected through observation, interviews, and documentation by applying source, data, and time triangulation to ensure the validity and credibility of the information obtained. This research was conducted in West Sulawesi, a province prone to floods, tsunamis, earthquakes, etc. The Health Team of Kodam XIV / Hasanuddin plays an active role in disaster risk management by carrying out mitigation in the form of wave containment infrastructure development and normalization, as well as conducting early warning through the installation of EWS tools controlled by BPBD and BMKG, and conducting training, socialization, and preparing disaster risk reduction plans in the preparedness cycle. It was concluded that the health team of Kodam XIV/Hasanuddin has a central role in disaster risk management by implementing various programs such as mitigation, early warning, and preparedness, as well as providing education and training to the community to increase awareness and response to disasters.

SCIENCE MAPPING OF HEALTH SECTOR KICKBACKS: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS

Background: Health kickbacks is the central part of the this study to report corruption in the areas of infrastructural projects, purchase of drugs and medical equipment, supply of services, job transfer or promotion and natural disaster management. Because it is now a widely accepted reality that corruption occurs whenever there is government engagement in the sectors, the supply of public services or goods may be negatively impacted as a result of corruption. This has the potential to have devastating effects in a variety of spheres, including the social, political, economic, and administrative spheres in health sector. Material and Methods: This research is under the shed of bibliometric analysis of the publications on corruption in health by taking the temporal development using the dimension database connecting 2014-23 publications. Science Mapping is a type of bibliometric study used by co-citation analysis to show the intellectual and bibliometric structure of a study area in this research. The study investigation contained more than 6000 of the publications by the keywords, journals and topic of analysis. Science mapping is the part of bibliometric analysis technique is used by the researcher by implementing citation analysis and co-citation analysis to acknowledge influential publications by the clustering the visuals on corruption in health studies. Findings: The findings indicated intellectual structure was the prolific contributor in terms of cited references, Health policy and planning journal in terms of source, Hutchinson 2018 as citation network document. Previous literature revealed foundation corruption base of governance, financial, operation, competitive management in health related practices being reported by the global studies. The study added to the body of knowledge.

Management in Disasters: An Overview

In this article, current knowledge on the management of natural and man-made disasters is briefly reviewed.

A Study on Establishing Procedures and Display Design for the Development of the Disaster Management System using Satellite Imagery

Recently, the escalating occurrence of disasters with abnormal characteristics poses challenges to disaster management. As a result, effective disaster management and response strategies have become crucial. In this study, the disaster management system using satellite imagery was developed and constructed as a dashboard. For this study, the National Disaster Management Information System (NDMS) of the Ministry of the Interior and Safety (MOIS) was analyzed. Crisis management activities were examined in accordance with the disaster phase of the crisis management standard manual. Relevant components from the integrated multisource data in NDMS were selected to enhance technology effectiveness. A disaster management officer's requirements were analyzed to improve user usability. Disaster response procedures using satellite imagery were derived by synthesizing this information. Based on these procedures, key elements and system procedures were established for system design and visualization, and the system display was presented. The technology was proactively developed for immediate implementation after establishing legal and institutional procedures. Utilizing satellite imagery in the disaster management system is expected to enhance prompt and efficient disaster management.

Tingkat Kapasitas Ketahanan Komunitas Kasus: Bagian Wilayah Perkotaan Malang Utara

In 2020, the National Disaster Management Agency stated that Malang City is one of the cities with low vulnerability to disasters. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the resilience capacity of communities in the North Malang Urban Area that are vulnerable to social and environmental changes. This study uses the Resilient Capacity Index method to measure the resilience capacity of the community by considering ecological, physical, economic, human, and social aspects. The results of the study, in the form of an overview of aspects of community resilience in the northern Malang City area, can be used to support the development of a more resilient city. By measuring resilience capacity using a standard score or z-score, it is known that the North Malang Urban Area has a moderate community resilience capacity.

Menakar Paradigma Penanggulangan Bencana Melalui Analisis Undang-Undang No. 24 Tahun 2007 Tentang Penanggulangan Bencana

This study discusses the paradigm used by the Indonesian government in making domestic disaster management policies through analysis of Law No. 24 of 2007. Institutions in the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) have developed policies related to the development of issues of change and developments in domestic and international politics. This writing aims to analyze the paradigm used by the Indonesian government in making policies on domestic disaster management through analysis of Law No. 24 of 2007. The author uses the content analysis method in analyzing these laws. Analysis was carried out on five indicators; actors, authority, budget, governance, and output that represent three paradigms; realism, liberalism and constructivism. Based on the results of the analysis, the Disaster Management Law is highly dependent on the paradigm of realism.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Disaster Response in India: Identifying Areas for Improvement

Considering the large geographical landmass of India along with cultural diversity, an exercise to understand issues impacting disaster response apparatus in India is very necessary. Listing out these issues and understanding the root cause of these issues, disasters, both natural and man-made, have been a recurrent phenomenon in India. The country has been experiencing floods, earthquakes, cyclones and other disasters for years and each event has posed new challenges and issues to the Nation’s disaster response system. Even though India has made strides in the management of natural disasters, there are still many substantial obstacles and problems that need to be resolved. One of the main challenges is the lack of coordination and communication between different agencies involved in disaster response. There is a pressing need for a disaster management strategy that is more integrated and combines all stakeholders and leverages technology to improve communication and coordination. Another challenge is the limited availability of resources and funding for disaster response. Many people are not aware of the risks they face and are not prepared to respond to emergencies. To enhance preparedness and reaction times, there is a pressing need for more education and awareness initiatives. The present study is primarily focused on finding out the response available within the system and its impact. suggestions, if any to improvise the system.

The Role of Trust in Disaster Risk Reduction: A Critical Review.

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the concept of trust within the domain of natural disaster management. Trust can be defined as a state of vulnerability where one party relies on another party with the expectation that the latter will carry out entrusted responsibilities without exploiting this inherent vulnerability. This comprehensive literature review is dedicated to the examination of research concerning community and institutional trust in the field of disaster risk reduction (DRR). Particular emphasis is placed on elucidating the influence of trust throughout the distinct phases of natural disaster management, namely prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery. The critical examination of the pertinent body of the literature demonstrates that trust plays a central role across the different phases of DRR, being positively associated with effective community responses and resilience. Hence, it becomes imperative to actively foster the development of trust at both institutional and community levels within the realm of DRR. This endeavor is essential for adequately preparing communities to confront natural disasters, crafting effective protocols to enhance community responsiveness and mitigate adverse consequences, and advancing strategies for successful reconstruction and recovery.

Abrasion Disaster Profile, Impact And Abrasion Mitigation Efforts In East Java Province

Climate change causes sea waves to become stronger and affect coastlines due to abrasion. Abrasion is when local sea levels rise and drive strong waves that erode or wash away rocks, soil, and other materials. Based on data collected from the National Disaster Management Agency, there were 496 reports of disasters caused by abrasion or tidal waves. Overall, there is a trend of increasing incidents every year until it reaches a peak in 2022 with 145 reports of disaster incidents. Identifying areas prone to marine abrasion disasters based on the number of incidents in several regions, provinces, and districts is essential to carry out in order to provide appropriate mitigation measures. This research uses a systemic literature review method. This research aims to identify the general profile of abrasion disasters in East Java province. Identify the location of the incident, impact, and mitigation regarding abrasion events in East Java province. According to data from the National Disaster Management Agency, the results show that East Java Province has a high frequency of abrasion incidents, ranking first as the province with the most reports of abrasion incidents. A systemic literature review conducted on thirteen pieces of literature found that the Tuban and Situbondo areas were the most affected by abrasion incidents, with abrasion incidents occurring more frequently in the North Coast area of East Java province.

Prohibition Policies and Environmental Cognition in Disaster-Prone Zones: A Study of Post-Earthquake Agricultural Land Reclamation

Objective: Prohibition policies need to be implemented by farmers who oppose several "legally rational" measures that prohibit land reclamation in disaster-prone zones. This prohibition event occurred during an earthquake on September 28, 2018, at 18.02 WITA with a magnitude of 7.4 (epicenter) at 0.18 South Latitude, 119.85 East Longitude, and a depth of 10 Km. After the earthquake, the tsunami hit the west coast of Palu Bay and Donggala Regency. According to data from the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB), which covers an area of +/- 200.4 hectares, liquefaction, downlights, and landslides occurred in several locations, including Palu City. Apart from defending their ancestral lands, liquefaction victims benefited from an improved quality of life thanks to their persistence in remaining in the Petobo area. It significantly influences how people engage with their environment and is highly tied to the time variable. In this case, activity patterns and environmental conditions, and these patterns interact over a predetermined period (Barker, 1968). Patterns of human activity in space can change depending on the day, week, or season. Methods: This study examines environmental cognition during the 2017 agricultural land era before and after the crisis using a qualitative descriptive technique and a mental map approach. Conclusion: Information about people's views and attitudes towards post-disaster agricultural land conditions is essential to answer research questions about the prohibition of returning land to disaster-prone zones. Since some farming businesses have had to close, it is necessary to understand land boundaries.

Indigenous Environmental Resilience: Decoding Ancient Rozvi Wisdom on Mountain Ecosystems as Disaster Management Solutions

Since time immemorial, Indigenous communities have always perceived the landscape as a complex web of living, physical, and spiritual things. These communities have always relied on their Indigenous knowledge systems (IKS), emphasizing ancestral burial grounds, mountains, caves, rivers, pools, forests, monuments, and other cultural diacritics as symbols of place identity. In addition, myriad metaphors like taboos, legends, tales, folklore, myths, proverbs, stories, and practices, also constituted an integral part of Indigenous cultural and nature connections. This heritage was constantly imagined and configured to cement human-nature relations. However, the advent of colonialism severely violated this status quo, thereby causing deep environmental, political, and social crises. Through imposing a hegemonic scientific paradigm, knowledge compartmentalization, and capitalist aggrandizing practices, the original harmonious human-nature praxis premised on IKS was disrupted. To this day, the exclusionary colonial legacy and poisoned ‘sense of place’ remains our greatest threat to climate and environmental stability. Thus, this paper advocates for the recentralization of IKS as a valid way of knowing with already inbuilt human and natural disaster management solutions. By pivoting Rozvi narratives premised on five mountains, namely; Manyanga in Bubi district, Mavangwe, MunwewaMwari and Bepe in Buhera district, and Mutikwiri in Maungwe near Rusape town, all situated in former Butua/Guruuswa regions of Zimbabwe as case studies, the power of ancient wisdom as a holistic epistemic approach towards sustainable human-nature relations is explicated.

Natural disaster literacy in Iran: Survey-based evidence from Tehran

Based on a survey of 502 participants conducted in 2020/2021, this study investigates the state of natural disaster literacy in the Iranian capital of Tehran, which is one of the main metropolitan areas of the country. The results of the empirical investigation using logistic regressions suggest that household income level, trust in Iran's natural disaster management, fear of natural disasters, perceived frequency of natural disasters, and internet usage show positive associations with natural disaster literacy. Additionally, a natural disaster literacy index (DLI) for Tehran City is created, ranging from 0 to 100, using 14 natural disaster literacy indicators. Ordinary least squares (OLS) estimations with the final index provide additional evidence of previous findings. When comparing the average DLI scores of the northern and southern phone districts, spatial inequality within Tehran City becomes visible, where the northern subsample has significantly higher DLI scores than the southern subsample. The conclusion highlights the limited impact of natural disaster experience and formal education on natural disaster literacy, emphasizing the effectiveness of specialized disaster training programs especially targeted at low-income households. Moreover, increasing trust between citizens and the organizations responsible for natural disaster management and educating citizens about the possible risks and frequency of natural disasters in the region help to motivate citizens to be better prepared.

Harmonisasi Sosial Melalui Pendekatan Religi: Respons Kemanusiaan Bagi Masyarakat Terdampak Letusan Gunung Semeru

Indonesia, known for its geological richness, often experiences natural disasters. One such event was the eruption of Mount Semeru in December 2021 in Lumajang Regency, East Java. The incident posed complex recovery challenges. According to the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) report, infrastructure damage reached billions of rupiahs, and thousands of residents were displaced. The challenges extended beyond infrastructure recovery, encompassing the psychological recovery of traumatized residents. Disruptions to the local economy, family separations, and other losses exacerbated the psychosocial burden faced by the affected population. The communities impacted by the eruption of Mount Semeru faced diverse challenges, particularly in religious aspects and the fulfillment of funeral rites (Rukun Kematian). This study highlights the importance of meeting funeral rites needs at every Social Facility (Fasilitas Sosial or Fasos) as a primary foundation for post-disaster recovery. Through collaboration with BNPB, the Social Assistance Program has successfully allocated resources for meeting these needs. Surveys of each Fasos revealed their specific requirements, ranging from funeral equipment to loudspeakers. Technical assistance related to funeral rites was provided by competent practitioners. Although it has shown positive impacts, this research emphasizes the sustainability of assistance as a key factor in the long-term recovery of the affected community. As a recommendation, this assistance should continue, considering the dynamics and changing needs of the community, to ensure ongoing optimal support in facing post-disaster challenges.

FLOOD DISASTER PREPAREDNESS STUDY IN BANJAR CITY, WEST JAVA

Flooding is a very common natural disaster in Indonesia. It is necessary to have a disaster risk management programme. This study aims to determine the disaster preparedness of the community for flood in the city of Banjar, West Java. Data were collected from the city government, regional disaster management agency, non-governmental organisations, BPS, earth shape maps from InaGeoportal, vulnerability map data, vulnerability maps and risk maps from the National Disaster Management Agency, and literature in the form of journals and books. The data collection techniques used by the researchers included questionnaires and documentation. The method of data analysis used was descriptive percentage and scoring analysis to analyse the frequency distribution of the level of preparedness of the community in the face of flood disasters.The data was obtained by providing questionnaires to the community which were filled in by the respondents and then calculating the total frequency of correct answers from each respondent. It can be seen that Banjar city has a high level of flood hazard, vulnerability and capacity, which means that it is important to take preparedness measures to reduce the adverse effects and anticipate the increase of recurrent floods.

After action review of the COVID-19 pandemic response in North West province, South Africa.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with major disruptions globally. Northwest Province Department of Health (NWDoH) in South Africa set up comprehensive epidemiological emergency response plans for preventing, finding, containing and stopping the spread of COVID-19 in accordance with the National Disaster Management Act. This After-Action Report (AAR) describes the provincial response to the pandemic from September 2020 to October 2022. The AAR was conducted using the World Health Organization AAR methodology. Focus groups discussed five items: coordination, leadership and governance; epidemiology, surveillance and laboratory; case management and continuity of essential services; risk communication and community engagement and COVID-19 vaccination. The timely establishment and activation of provincial intergovernmental and intersectoral coordinating structures led to effective coordination, resource mobilisation, leadership, decision-making and intervention. The effective communication in the department and other stakeholders resulted in improved surveillance data quality, timelier response and increased ownership of data. Dissemination, training and implementation of case management protocols ensured standardised case management. The multi-channel information dissemination targeting different audiences empowered people with real-time knowledge on the infection and encouraged health-seeking behaviours. The AAR demonstrated the importance of coordinated epidemiological, laboratory and communication response that requires significant public health reserve capacity in peacetime for rapid expansion in an emergency. This review contributes to the body of knowledge emerging from the COVID-19 pandemic and provides guidance on enhanced public health response to future emergencies.

Model for Determining Insurance Premiums Taking into Account the Rate of Economic Growth and Cross-Subsidies in Providing Natural Disaster Management Funds in Indonesia

Natural disasters are increasing due to climate change, which is causing economic losses for countries affected by them. Disaster management funds need to be provided, including through purchasing insurance. Determining natural disaster insurance premiums needs to involve consideration of the geographical conditions of the country. The aim of this research was to develop a model for determining natural disaster insurance premiums using the jumping processes method and a cross-subsidy system. The model takes into account the level of economic growth and the natural disaster potential index. The data analyzed relate to cases of natural disasters and losses that occurred in each province in Indonesia. From the results of the analysis, it was found that through a cross-subsidy system, the principle of mutual cooperation can be applied in managing natural disasters. Regions with a high level of economic growth and a low natural disaster potential index need to provide subsidies to regions with a low economic growth rate and a high natural disaster potential index. It was also found that the cost of insurance premiums was influenced by the size of losses and the frequency of natural disasters in the province. The greater the potential for disasters and economic losses experienced by a province due to disasters, the greater the premium burden that must be borne, and vice versa. Based on these conditions, insurance premiums vary in each province in Indonesia. It is hoped that the results of this research can provide a reference for the government in determining policies for providing funds for natural disaster management using a cross-subsidy system. In addition, this research can provide a reference for insurance companies in determining natural disaster insurance premiums in Indonesia.

Disaster Preparedness in Hospitals.

Disaster preparedness in hospitals is a critical global concern that involves proactive measures to mitigate the impact of natural or artificial disasters. The review emphasizes the role of organizations such as India's National Disaster Management Authorityin the development of response strategies. Hospitals face challenges in protecting facilities and healthcare workers during disasters, highlighting the need for effective training, equipment, and communication access. Differentiating disasters into natural, technological, and artificial types showcases the varied challenges each presents. Key challenges include resource allocation, interoperability of the communication system, evacuation strategies, and ethical considerations. Essential strategies include risk assessment, staff training, communication, and collaboration with external partners. Hospital disaster preparedness requires a comprehensive approach that involves strategies, training, and community participation to ensure safety during emergencies.

The Umlindi Newsletter: Disseminating Climate-Related Information on the Management of Natural Disaster and Agricultural Production in South Africa

The Umlindi newsletter was developed to provide information towards climate advisories, considering, for instance, drought conditions, presented in a relevant manner for the agricultural and disaster sectors in South Africa. This newsletter, which is disseminated on a monthly basis, provides information derived from climate-related monitoring products obtained from an integration of remote sensing and in situ data from weather stations. It contains useful indicators, such as rainfall, vegetation, and fire conditions, that provide an overview of conditions across the country. The present study demonstrates how these natural resource indices are integrated and consolidated for utilization by farmers, policy-makers, private organizations, and the general public to make day-to-day decisions on the management and mitigation of natural disasters. However, there is a need to expand these baseline observation initiatives, including the following: (1) forecasting future conditions to strengthen coping mechanisms of government, farmers, and communities at large; and (2) incorporating information on other natural disasters such as floods and extreme heat. In the context of South Africa, this information is important to improve disaster preparedness and management for agricultural productivity. In a global context, the Umlindi newsletter can be insightful for developing and disseminating natural resources information on adaptation to and mitigation of climate change and variability impacts to other regions facing similar risks. Furthermore, while international organizations also provide natural resource information, the Umlindi newsletter may be distinguished by its regional focus and linkages to individual communities. It bridges the gap between global environmental data and local decision-making by illustrating how global scientific knowledge may be applied locally.

Privacy-Shielding Autonomous Systems For Natural Disaster Management (Ndm): Targeted Regulation Of The Use Of Autonomous Systems For Natural Disaster Management Goals Before The Materialization Of The Privacy Harm

This contribution aims to recommend a fully-fledged privacy-assessment applicable to future uses of Autonomous Systems (AS) for Natural Disaster Management (NDM) purposes. It claims that certain implementations may interfere with the right to privacy and the protection of personal data and analyses challenges stemming from (non-) compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Moreover, it subjects the use of autonomous systems to the European Court of Human Rights’(ECtHR) Legality – Legitimacy – Necessity testing (LLN-check). On this basis, it proposes a targeted and ex ante privacy-assessment to address legal uncertainty, resulting from the GDPR’s tech-neutrality and case law’s ex post (after the harm) adjudication. The recommended scheme, ideally involving experts from various disciplines who would moreover be independent, could apply before the actual use of any AS and give a ‘proceed’, a ‘proceed with conditions’ or a ‘do not proceed’ decision. personal data, privacy, autonomous systems, natural disaster management

Application of Social Sensors in Natural Disasters Emergency Management: A Review

Natural disasters are public emergencies characterized by suddenness, universality, and nonconventionality. Realizing the early warning, monitoring, and intervention of natural disasters and their derivative social impacts is significant for reducing the disasters’ damage and benefits the maintenance of social stability. Social sensors are ubiquitous sensors based on social network platforms. It uses the concepts and methods of physical space to mine social signals that integrate human perception and intelligence in cyberspace. Compared with traditional physical sensors, social sensors represent a crucial data acquisition channel in the emergency management of natural disasters and have the advantages of real time, comprehensive coverage, low cost, and flexible deployment. This article reviews the application of social sensors in natural disasters emergency management. We summarize the application functions of social sensors into three categories: natural disaster situation awareness and event detection, disaster information dissemination and communication, and disaster sentiment analysis and public opinion mining. Based on the above functions, this article analyzes the research status, data, technical methods, and application systems. Finally, this article proposes a research trend of applying social sensors in natural disaster emergency management according to the requirements of real scenarios.