Large-scale Management Systems Research Articles

Turkic elite of the Golden Horde

The article analyzes the formation of the Turkic political elite, their features and position in the complex and large-scale management system of the Golden Horde.The administrative structure of the Golden Horde had its own characteristics in comparison with all the states that emerged after the collapse of the Mongol Empire. Including the active role of nomadic Turkic-Mongolian aristocrats in the structure of the administration of the Golden Horde and its social and political life, was reflected in the ranks of the military aristocracy (noyons, beks, emirs). In the article, the main attention in the analysis of the activities of the Turkic political elite was paid to the information of geneology, heroic epics and legends, as well as medieval written sources. Information from written sources was compared with samples of historical epics and Kazakh genealogies. The article analyzes several ways and factors that contributed to the transformation of natives of nomadic Turkic-Mongolian tribes into the political elite of the Golden Horde. The Beks, who came from local tribes, went down in history as influential figures who played a special role in the history of the Golden Horde.As a result of Kypchakization, the ideology of Genghis Khan underwent changes. However, it formed its worldview in the post-Golden Horde, including in the late period of the Kazakh Khanate, and remained in the history of our people to this day in the form of legends, epics, architectural monuments.

COLLECTIVE PROBLEM SOLVING USING SOCIAL COMPUTE UNITS

Service process orchestration using workflow technologies has led to significant improvements in generating predicable outcomes by automating tedious manual tasks but suffer from challenges related to the flexibility required in work especially when humans are involved. Recently emerging trends in enterprises to explore social computing concepts have realized value in more agile work process orchestrations but tend to be less predictable with respect to outcomes. In this paper, we use IT services management, specifically, incident management for large scale systems, to investigate the interplay of workflow systems and social computing. We apply a recently introduced concept of social compute units (SCU), and flexible teams sourced based on various parameters such as skills, availability, incident urgency, etc. in the context of resolution of incidents in an IT service provider organization. Results from simulation-based experiments indicate that the combination of SCUs and workflow based processes can lead to significant improvement in key service delivery outcomes, with average resolution time per incident and number of SLO violations being at times as low as 53.7% and 38.1%, respectively of the corresponding values for pure workflow based incident management. Moreover, significant benefits may also be obtained through cross-skilling of practitioners via exposure to new skills in the context of collaborative work.

Large-Scale Model-Based Assessment of Deer-Vehicle Collision Risk

Ungulates, in particular the Central European roe deer Capreolus capreolus and the North American white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus, are economically and ecologically important. The two species are risk factors for deer–vehicle collisions and as browsers of palatable trees have implications for forest regeneration. However, no large-scale management systems for ungulates have been implemented, mainly because of the high efforts and costs associated with attempts to estimate population sizes of free-living ungulates living in a complex landscape. Attempts to directly estimate population sizes of deer are problematic owing to poor data quality and lack of spatial representation on larger scales. We used data on 74,000 deer–vehicle collisions observed in 2006 and 2009 in Bavaria, Germany, to model the local risk of deer–vehicle collisions and to investigate the relationship between deer–vehicle collisions and both environmental conditions and browsing intensities. An innovative modelling approach for the number of deer–vehicle collisions, which allows nonlinear environment–deer relationships and assessment of spatial heterogeneity, was the basis for estimating the local risk of collisions for specific road types on the scale of Bavarian municipalities. Based on this risk model, we propose a new “deer–vehicle collision index” for deer management. We show that the risk of deer–vehicle collisions is positively correlated to browsing intensity and to harvest numbers. Overall, our results demonstrate that the number of deer–vehicle collisions can be predicted with high precision on the scale of municipalities. In the densely populated and intensively used landscapes of Central Europe and North America, a model-based risk assessment for deer–vehicle collisions provides a cost-efficient instrument for deer management on the landscape scale. The measures derived from our model provide valuable information for planning road protection and defining hunting quota. Open-source software implementing the model can be used to transfer our modelling approach to wildlife–vehicle collisions elsewhere.

The Use of an Axiological Lens to Review Globalised Automation and Control Systems Projects

Problems in the design, development and management of large scale systems have be related to the multi-cultural contexts in which these systems are developed and deployed. Culture can be defined in terms of human values (axiology). Using an axiological lens, this paper explores potential value conflicts between systems engineers and the praxis in which they are formally educated. The findings provide evidence to support an axiological perspective of systems engineering and suggest that axiology could be extremely useful in understanding various aspects of systems engineering development, ethics and management.

A Novel Approach to Adaptive Content-based Subscription Management in DHT-based Overlay Networks

Content-based Publish/Subscribe (CBPS) interaction paradigm is suitable for a variety of large scale dynamic applications: News delivery, stock quoting, air and metropolitan traffic control, on-line games, dissemination of multimedia contents, dissemination of auction bids, services and resources discovery, remote control of critical infrastructures and management of large scale systems. In contrast to their flexibility and expressiveness scalable CBPS systems are difficult to implement and the proposed solutions are not again mature. In this paper we propose a novel adaptive content-based subscription management system, relying on a Distributed Hash Table routing infrastructure. We define a model for the event space guaranteeing the expressiveness for any application domain. Also we provide mechanism to dynamically identify groups of users with similar preferences (multicast group). Two different approaches for multicast group identification are proposed and discussed: A dummy regular Grid partitioning of the event space and a more complex clustering of users preferences. When system evolves (e.g. joining and leaving of publisher and subscriber and/or nodes failure) multicast groups are reconfigured to maintain the desired level of system efficiency. System adaptation is supported by a scalable and dynamic application-level multicast infrastructure, and by a run time performance measurement mechanism. The paper gives a formal description of our solution and the main design guidelines. Also we discuss advantages and disadvantages of our proposal, compared with the existing solutions.

Local Fisheries Management at the Swedish Coast: Biological and Social Preconditions

Most of the Swedish coastal fisheries are not sustainable from either a social, economic or ecological point of view. We propose the introduction of local fisheries management (LFM) as a tool for restructuring the present large-scale management system in order to achieve sustainability. To implement LFM two questions need to be answered: How to distribute the resource fish among different resource user groups? How to restructure present fisheries management to meet the criteria of sustainability? Starting from these questions we describe possible forms of LFM for Swedish coastal fishery supported by recent research. The biological and social preconditions for restructuring fisheries management are derived from an analysis of the ecological and managerial situation in Swedish fishery. Three types of LFM--owner based, user based, and community based management--are analyzed with regard to the tasks to be carried outin LFM, the roles of management groups, and the definition and optimal size of management areas.

Supervisory control of electric power transmission networks

The methodology of discrete event systems (DESs) and supervisory control is applied to a power transmission line restoration problem, aiming to increase the steady-state security level of a power network during restoration. An example using the IEEE 14-bus system serves to demonstrate the potential of the DES formulation in the control of power networks, and to introduce the basic tools and techniques that this formulation offers. Unlike other types of controllers, a DES-based supervisory controller does not serve to specify the exact control action at each state of the network. Rather, it defines an envelope of allowable actions. Within that envelope, local controllers make specific decisions to satisfy local performance indices. This approach allows the creation of multi-level nonconflicting hierarchical control procedures, which are particularly attractive in the management of large-scale systems. Each level in the hierarchical control structure defines the envelope of operation for the lower-level controllers through the enabling and disabling of controllable events. Component failure such as line or generator outages are formulated as uncontrollable events. Synthesis procedures for DES-based supervisory controllers can then be applied to synthesize hierarchical control for large power networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Intelligent control and intelligent management for large scale systems

Due to the complexity of large scale system, there are many problems to be solved. However it is very difficult and expensive those problems only by traditional methodology of system theory. This paper try to find a new way to solve the above problems through the combination of artificial intelligence, large scale system theory and microcomputer technique. Three schemes are given: Multilevel Self-Optimalizing Control (msoc), Multilevel Fuzzy Control (MFC) and Multilevel Expert System (MES).

Large-scale management systems and parasite populations: Ectoparasites

An increased intensification of animal production is needed so that worldwide hunger can be fought successfully and the ever-increasing human population can be supplied with animal proteins and animal-derived raw materials. The author considers parasitism to be an arrangement of species — different populations basing on somatoxenia, that is, a body to body contact-relation. Arthropods have an exceptional position within the animal kingdom because of: 1. (1) the richness in species — out of the 1.26 million living species more than 1 million belong to arthropods, and nearly every 5th of these is a parasite! 2. (2) their ability to live in all 3 elementary biotopes: on the continental, in the fluvial and in the oceanal; 3. (3) their exceptionally high adaptability, and parasitic arthropods share this adaptability.

Large-scale management systems and parasite populations prevalence and resistance of parasitic agents in animal effluents and their potential hygienic hazard

Keeping large numbers of animals in large-scale, pseudo-industrial units poses similar problems to the overstocking of small farms within any one area, as far as the disposal of animal effluents is concerned. The prevalence of parasites in pigs, poultry and cattle on large-scale farms is listed, and examples of the resistance of their exogenic stages are given. The possibilities of transmission to individuals of the same species or to other species including man are evaluated. Guidelines for safe or restricted disposal of the effluents as fertilizers for different plant crops are given. On recycling effluents as animal food, no problems should arise from the parasitologist's point of view if poultry manure is fed to pigs or cattle or if swine or cattle effluents are fed to poultry. Other combinations are hazardous.

Large-scale management systems and parasite populations: Coccidia in rabbits

Broiler rabbit production has become an important branch of animal protein and fur production, not only in the traditionally rabbit breeding and consuming countries, but recently in many other countries of the world. The profitability of the rabbit industry is dependent primarily on the good feed conversion. Aspects of this include factors such as morbidity and mortality of infections, adequate knowledge and fulfilment of both accommodation and nutritional requirements, appropriate breeding systems, etc. There is much controversy about the role coccidia in the losses of intensified rabbit breeding enterprises. There is no doubt about the significance of Eimeria stiedai which may cause condemnation of large amounts of large amounts of liver as a result of infection in rabbit colonies of small holders. However, this parasite is rare in large scale rabbit farms. In the latter, intestinal coccidiosis is most frequently — although not invariably — incriminated either as a primary or more often as a predisposing factor of intestinal enteropathies causing severe mortality, mainly in the early post-weaning period. The ability to isolate and maintain species of Eimeria in specifc pathogen-free (SPF) rabbits has made it possible to characterize them, such as the most pathogenic E. intestinalis and E. flavescens: the pathogenic E. magna, E. irresidua and E. piriformis; and the least pathogenic E. perforans, E. neoleporis (syn o E. coecicola and E. media species. Prophylactic measures are dealth with briefly, and laboratory and field trials with the currently most promising rabbit anti-coccidial drugs (Lerbek, robenidine and salinomyciin) are dealt with in more detail.

Research and Development Needs Related to Pathogens in Pretreatment-Land Application Systems

ABSTRACT IN overview of literature sources and ongoing research, a priority of R & D needs related to pathogens were suggested, based on data gaps and potential economic consequence in land application of effluent and sludges. One major area is an a priori or theoretical estimative comparison of potential public health problems between pretreatment-land application and pretreatment-stream discharge systems. A second area is the long term monitoring of health conditions associated with pathogens in the plant-soil receiver under a variety of small and large-scale management systems. The third is the re-evaluation of aerosol control objectives to reflect acceptable levels at the outer buffer zone edge. With this approach the entire pretreatment and buffer zone performances can be adequately evaluated for local conditions and least-cost economics.