Management Of Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Articles

Sex Differences in Colonoscopy Indications and Findings: Results from a Large Multicenter Database.

Background: Sex-based differences are common among diseases. We aimed to investigate the differences in colonoscopy indications and its findings between males and females. Methods: A large, multi-center, cross-sectional, retrospective study included all colonoscopies performed between 2016 and 2021 in seven endoscopy departments. The indications and findings of the procedures were compared between males and females. Results: A total of 151,411 (52.6%) women and 136,519 (47.4%) men were included, aged 56.54 ± 12.9 years and 56.59 ± 12.7. Cecal intubation was similar (95.6% vs 95.5%, p = 0.251). More females had excellent or good bowel preparation compared to males (71.4% vs 65.6%). Colonoscopy due to abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, and anemia was higher in females compared to males (15% vs 9.9%, 3.9% vs 2.2%, and 7.6% vs 4.9%, p < 0.001, respectively), while positive FOBT, rectal bleeding and post-polypectomy surveillance and screening were more common indications among males (9.5% vs 7.8%, 10.7% vs 7.8%, and 10.8% vs 7.1%, respectively). On colonoscopy, males were found to have significantly higher colorectal cancer and polyps (0.5% vs 0.4% and 35.1% vs 24.6%). Polyp detection rates were lower in females across all indications, whereas diverticulosis rates were higher in males. However, a clinically significant difference regarding diverticulosis was observed only in patients with anemia as the indication. Conclusions: Notable differences exist between males and females in terms of the indications and findings on colonoscopy. This highlights the need for identifying the factors contributing to these differences and the developing sex-specific approaches for the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal diseases.

The role of functional foods in the management of gastrointestinal diseases: a comprehensive review of recent evidence

The role of functional foods in the management of gastrointestinal diseases: a comprehensive review of recent evidence

The use of enzyme rich malt extract (ERME) as an adjunct for the management of gastrointestinal disease in horses

The use of enzyme rich malt extract (<scp>ERME</scp>) as an adjunct for the management of gastrointestinal disease in horses

GastroVRG: Enhancing early screening in gastrointestinal health via advanced transfer features

The accurate classification of endoscopic images is a challenging yet critical task in medical diagnostics, which directly affects the treatment and management of Gastrointestinal diseases. Misclassification can lead to incorrect treatment plans, adversely affecting patient outcomes. To address this challenge, our research aimed to develop a reliable computational model to improve the accuracy of classifying conditions of esophagitis and polyps. We focused on a subset of the Kvasir v1 secondary dataset, comprising 2000 endoscopic images evenly distributed across two classes: esophagitis and polyp. The goal was to leverage the strengths of both Machine Learning(ML) and Deep Learning(DL) to create a model that not only predicts with high accuracy but also integrates seamlessly into clinical workflows. To this end, we introduced a novel VRG-based ensemble image feature extraction technique, combining the powers of VGG, RF, and GB models to synthesize a robust feature set conducive to high-precision classification. The ensemble approach demonstrated a best-in-class performance with the GB model achieving an outstanding 99.73% accuracy in detecting esophagitis and polyps. The practical implications of these results are substantial, indicating that our method can significantly improve diagnostic accuracy in real-world settings, reduce the rate of misdiagnosis, and contribute to the efficient and effective treatment of patients, ultimately enhancing the quality of healthcare services. With the successful application of our proposed method to a controlled dataset, future work involves deploying the model in clinical environments and expanding its application to a broader spectrum of Gastrointestinal conditions across multi-class datasets.

Combination of Hydrolysable Tannins and Zinc Oxide on Enterocyte Functionality: In Vitro Insights.

The management of gastrointestinal disease in animals represents a significant challenge in veterinary and zootechnic practice. Traditionally, acute symptoms have been treated with antibiotics and high doses of zinc oxide (ZnO). However, concerns have been raised regarding the potential for microbial resistance and ecological detriment due to the excessive application of this compound. These concerns highlight the urgency of minimizing the use of ZnO and exploring sustainable nutritional solutions. Hydrolysable tannins (HTs), which are known for their role in traditional medicine for acute gastrointestinal issues, have emerged as a promising alternative. This study examined the combined effect of food-grade HTs and subtherapeutic ZnO concentration on relevant biological functions of Caco-2 cells, a widely used model of the intestinal epithelial barrier. We found that, when used together, ZnO and HTs (ZnO/HTs) enhanced tissue repair and improved epithelial barrier function, normalizing the expression and functional organization of tight junction proteins. Finally, the ZnO/HTs combination strengthened enterocytes' defense against oxidative stress induced by inflammation stimuli. In conclusion, combining ZnO and HTs may offer a suitable and practical approach for decreasing ZnO levels in veterinary nutritional applications.

Antiulcer activity of Mauritia flexuosa L.f. (Arecaceae) pulp oil: An edible Amazonian species with functional properties

Mauritia flexuosa, known as buriti in Brazil, is a widespread palm tree in Amazonia. It has many ethnobotanical uses, including food, oil, and medicine. The oil obtained from buriti's fruit pulp has high levels of monounsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, and tocopherols, and is used in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries for its antioxidant properties. Many biological activities have been reported for buriti oil, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, chemopreventive, and immunomodulatory. Due to its high content of bioactive compounds, buriti oil is considered a functional ingredient with possible benefits in preventing oxidative stress and chronic diseases, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract. Peptic ulcer disease is a multifactorial disorder, involving lesions in the stomach and duodenum mucosa, which has a complex healing process. In this context, some nutrients and bioactive compounds help the maintenance of gastrointestinal mucosal integrity and function, such as carotenoids, tocopherols, and unsaturated fatty acids, which makes buriti oil an interesting candidate to be used in the prevention and management of gastrointestinal diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the gastroprotective and antiulcer effects of buriti oil and its possible mechanisms of action. Buriti oil reduced the ulcerative area and lipid peroxidation induced by ethanol. The gastroprotective activity of buriti oil partially depends on nitric oxide and sulfhydryl compounds. In acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers, buriti oil accelerated healing and stimulated the formation of new gastric glands. These results demonstrated the potential of buriti oil as a functional ingredient to promote health benefits in the gastrointestinal tract.

In vitro biological evaluation and in silico studies of linear diarylheptanoids from Curcuma aromatica Salisb. as urease inhibitors.

Plants of the Zingiberaceae family, specifically those belonging to the Curcuma species, are commonly under consideration as potential therapeutic agents for the management of gastrointestinal diseases. In this study, we carried out a phytochemical study on Curcuma aromatica Salisb. (or so-called "Nghe trang" in Vietnamese) grown in Vietnam, which yields three newly discovered 3,5-diacetoxy diarylheptanoids (1-3) and six known 3,5-dihydroxyl diarylheptanoids (4-9). The bioactivity assessment shows that all isolated compounds, except compounds 3, 7, and 8, could inhibit urease. Compounds 4 and 9 significantly inhibit urease, with an IC50 value of 9.6 and 21.4 μM, respectively, more substantial than the positive control, hydroxyurea (IC50 = 77.4 μM). The structure-activity relationship (SAR) of linear diarylheptanoids was also established, suggesting that the hydroxyl groups at any position of skeleton diarylheptanoids are essential for exerting anti-urease action. Through a comparative analysis of the binding sites of hydroxyurea and diarylheptanoid compounds via our constructed in silico model, the mechanism of action of diarylheptanoid compounds is predicted to bind to the dynamic region close to the dinickel active center, resulting in a loss of catalytic activity. Such insights certainly help design and/or find diarylheptanoid-based compounds for treating gastric ulcers through inhibiting urease.

Management of gastro intestinal diseases by liver friendly drugs: Livelihood score efficacy

Management of gastro intestinal diseases by liver friendly drugs: Livelihood score efficacy

THE BENEFITS OF UNCONVENTIONAL (HOMEMADE) FOOD ADMINISTERED TO DOGS WITH DIGESTIVE DISORDERS

"Homemade dog food preparation for dogs with digestive problems can be worth the time and effort if the owner owns a dog that suffers from regular digestive disorders. Digestive disorders in dogs are quite common problems that veterinarians regularly have to deal with. Patients with digestive disorders often present with similar clinical signs, such as vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, lack of apathy, and abdominal pain. Nutritional modification is an integral part of gastrointestinal disease management, both in preventing recurrence and reducing clinical signs. Once a patient is evaluated from both nutritional and medical perspectives, the general nutritional case approach can be followed to select an appropriate diet and feeding plan for the dog. The objectives were to develop nutritionally balanced homemade food recipes with specific ingredients for digestive disorders in dogs. The recipes were personalized, made of specific ingredients for digestive problems."

The role of heavy metal exposure on the microbiome in the etiology of gastrointestinal disorders: a scoping review

In recent years, epidemiological studies have increasingly recognized the significance of heavy metals as an important pathogenetic factor in many gastrointestinal diseases, particularly those associated with in gut microbiota functions. The toxicity of heavy metals towards essential intestinal microflora goes beyond causing dysbiotic disorders; it can also exacerbate intestinal infections, alter metabolic processes, and influence the development of antibiotic resistance. Since the negative effects of heavy metals are environmental in nature, there is a need to systematize the etiological role between the effects of heavy metals on the microbiome and possible nosological conditions for a more accurate approach to treatment and further research. Given the environmental origins of the abovementioned effects, there is a need to systematize the impact of heavy metals on the microbiome and their role in disease development to improve approaches to treatment and further research. We aimed to analyze the latest scientific evidence on the associations between heavy metals exposure and the intestinal microbiome and its role in the development of gastrointestinal disorders. For this scoping review we used PubMed and eLIBRARY.ru databases. We searched for keywords: «gut microbiota», «intestinal infections» (disorders), «antibiotic resistance» «heavy metals» in both Russian and English. Based on the research reviewed in this study, we can infer that heavy metals act as exogenous toxicants contributing to the development of dysbiotic, metabolic and trophic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. They also influence the progression of infections and the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Further studies should focus on exploring the toxicity of heavy metals in relation to specific populations of intestinal flora and associations with metal and antibiotic resistance. It is important to consider the therapeutic potential of microbiome modulation in the management of gastrointestinal diseases.

Isolation and Evaluation of Cytotoxic, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Ulcer Activity of Methanolic Extract of Ceriops decandra leaves

The current study was undertaken to provide scientific validation for the traditional medicinal applications of Ceriops decandra leaves in treating gastrointestinal disorders and inflammation. Additionally, the study aimed to isolate a pure component from the extracted leaves for further analysis. Lupeol was extracted from the crude methanolic extract of Ceriops decandra leaves by column chromatography as part of a phytochemical inquiry. Its structure was determined using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. In order to assess the cytotoxicity, the unrefined methanolic extract was divided into two fractions: a petroleum fraction and an aqueous fraction, employing the modified Kupchan method. The brine shrimp lethality test revealed that both the aqueous and petroleum ether fractions had significant cytotoxic activity, with LC50 values of 1.93 µg/l and 2.04 µg/l, respectively. These values were compared to the LC50 value of the standard Vincristine Sulphate, which was found to be 0.02 µg/l. The results of the anti-inflammatory trial demonstrated that the administration of the extract at doses of 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg resulted in protection rates of 62.5% and 87.5%, respectively, as compared to the carrageenan control group after 3 hours post-injection. It is worth noting that Ibuprofen exhibited a higher level of protection, with a rate of 91.7%. In the context of ethanol-induced stomach ulcer, the administration of extracts at doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg resulted in 45.5% and 59.1% protection against gastric ulcer, respectively. These findings were compared to the protective effect of Omeprazole, which demonstrated 63.6% protection and served as the standard reference. The findings suggest that the methanolic leaf extract of Ceriops decandra possesses robust cytotoxic and potent anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer properties. These results provide support for the traditional application of this extract in the management of gastrointestinal diseases, inflammation, and cancer.

Application of artificial intelligence in endoscopic image analysis for the diagnosis of a gastric cancer pathogen-Helicobacter pylori infection

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the principal cause of chronic gastritis, gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers, and gastric cancer. In clinical practice, diagnosis of H. pylori infection by a gastroenterologists’ impression of endoscopic images is inaccurate and cannot be used for the management of gastrointestinal diseases. The aim of this study was to develop an artificial intelligence classification system for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection by pre-processing endoscopic images and machine learning methods. Endoscopic images of the gastric body and antrum from 302 patients receiving endoscopy with confirmation of H. pylori status by a rapid urease test at An Nan Hospital were obtained for the derivation and validation of an artificial intelligence classification system. The H. pylori status was interpreted as positive or negative by Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Concurrent Spatial and Channel Squeeze and Excitation (scSE) network, combined with different classification models for deep learning of gastric images. The comprehensive assessment for H. pylori status by scSE-CatBoost classification models for both body and antrum images from same patients achieved an accuracy of 0.90, sensitivity of 1.00, specificity of 0.81, positive predictive value of 0.82, negative predicted value of 1.00, and area under the curve of 0.88. The data suggest that an artificial intelligence classification model using scSE-CatBoost deep learning for gastric endoscopic images can distinguish H. pylori status with good performance and is useful for the survey or diagnosis of H. pylori infection in clinical practice.

Cellular therapies in liver and pancreatic diseases.

Over the past two decades, developments in regenerative medicine in gastroenterology have been greatly enhanced by the application of stem cells, which can self-replicate and differentiate into any somatic cell. The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells has opened remarkable perspectives on tissue regeneration, including their use as a bridge to transplantation or as supportive therapy in patients with organ failure. The improvements in DNA manipulation and gene editing strategies have also allowed to clarify the physiopathology and to correct the phenotype of several monogenic diseases, both in vivo and in vitro. Further progress has been made with the development of three-dimensional cultures, known as organoids, which have demonstrated morphological and functional complexity comparable to that of a miniature organ. Hence, owing to its protean applications and potential benefits, cell and organoid transplantation has become a hot topic for the management of gastrointestinal diseases. In this review, we describe current knowledge on cell therapies in hepatology and pancreatology, providing insight into their future applications in regenerative medicine.

Adjuvant nutraceuticals in the management of gastrointestinal diseases

The prevalence of gastrointestinal diseases has increased substantially in the last few years, bringing consequences not only to quality of life, but also to patients’ emotional/psychological wellbeing. Preliminary data from experimental studies suggest that using nutraceuticals as an adjuvant therapy to improve gastrointestinal symptomology may be a relevant and innovative strategy, since first line pharmacological treatments may pose severe adverse effects, drug resistance and lack of patient compliance. This narrative review aimed to explore the potential of four bioactive compounds at improving gastrointestinal symptomatology and disease management. Additionally, the mechanisms of action and dosages underlying the positive effects of these substances in improving quality of life and risk of disease relapse are also explored. According to the evidence found, peppermint oil and probiotics appear to ameliorate irritable bowel syndrome symptomatology, whereas polyphenols such as curcumin suggest a complementary effect in inducing and maintaining clinical remission among ulcerative colitis patients. Evidence regarding ginger’s effect on gastrointestinal symptoms is lacking and demonstrates little to no expression in irritable bowel syndrome nor functional dyspepsia.In conclusion, the consumption of peppermint oil, polyphenols and probiotics may be a viable adjuvant in the management of gastrointestinal diseases, associated symptomology and quality of life. However, further randomized controlled trials are warranted to elucidate on the optimal dose, safety and long-term efficacy of supplementing with these components, and particularly on the potential relevance of ginger supplementation.

Curriculum for bariatric endoscopy and endoscopic treatment of the complications of bariatric surgery: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Position Statement.

Obesity is a chronic, relapsing, degenerative, multifactorial disease that is associated with many co-morbidities. The global increasing burden of obesity has led to calls for an urgent need for additional treatment options. Given the rapid expansion of bariatric endoscopy and bariatric surgery across Europe, the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) has recognized the need to formalize and enhance training in bariatric endoscopy and the endoscopic treatment of bariatric surgical adverse events. This manuscript represents the outcome of a formal Delphi process resulting in an official Position Statement of the ESGE and provides a framework to develop and maintain skills in bariatric endoscopy and the endoscopic treatment of bariatric surgical adverse events. This curriculum is set out in terms of the prerequisites prior to training, minimum number of procedures, the steps for training and quality of training, and how competence should be defined and evidenced before independent practice. 1: ESGE recommends that every endoscopist should have achieved competence in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy before commencing training in bariatric endoscopy and the endoscopic treatment of bariatric surgical adverse events. 2: Trainees in bariatric endoscopy and the endoscopic treatment of the complications of bariatric surgery should have basic knowledge of the definition, classification, and social impact of obesity, its pathophysiology, and its related co-morbidities. The recognition and management of gastrointestinal diseases that are more common in patients with obesity, along with participation in multidisciplinary teams where obese patients are evaluated, are mandatory. 3 : ESGE recommends that competency in bariatric endoscopy and the endoscopic treatment of the complications of bariatric surgery can be learned by attending validated training courses on simulators initially, structured training courses, and then hands-on training in tertiary referral centers.

Indications and Results of Lower Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in a Regional Hospital Center in Senegal

Introduction: Gastrointestinal endoscopy plays a crucial role in the management of gastrointestinal diseases. The aim of this study was to report the indications and results of lower digestive endoscopy in a hospital center in Senegal. Patients and Methods: We conducted a descriptive retrospective study from September 1st, 2017, to September 30, 2018 at the gastrointestinal endoscopy unit of the regional hospital center of Thiès. All patients received for lower gastrointestinal endoscopy and whose reports were usable, were included. In the reports, we collected and analyzed sociodemographic data, indication and results of the endoscopic examination. Results: We included 250 patients. There were 140 men (sex ratio 1.27). The average age was 42 years [range 1 - 92 years]. There were 37 colonoscopies (14.8%), 51 rectosigmoidoscopies (20.4%) and 162 anorectoscopies (64.8%). The patients were from the region of Thiès in 82% of cases. In most cases, they were most often referred by general practitioners (22.8%) and surgeons (20.8%). The main indications were rectal bleeding (36.8%), hemorrhoidal disease (23.2%) and proctalgia (11.6%). Hemorrhoidal disease (63.6%), anal fistula (14%) and tumors (8.8%) were the most common pathologies. Conclusion: Admitted patients at the gastrointestinal endoscopy unit of the regional hospital center of Thiès have many indications as well as pathologies. Anal pathology is dominated by hemorrhoidal disease.

Role of the World Health Organization in Management of Gastrointestinal Diseases Caused by Contaminated Water in Children in the Middle East: A Review Article

Background: The world health organization (WHO), as the international authority on public health and water quality, directs and monitors global efforts to prevent the transmission of waterborne diseases and advises governments on the development of health-based goals and regulations. Objectives: This review study aims to investigate the management methods, including control, prevention, and treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases in children in the Middle East caused by contaminated water through WHO. Methods: For this purpose, Scopus, Google scholar, PubMed, SID, Irandoc, and up-to-date databases were searched without time limitation. Keywords included contaminated water, pediatric, GI diseases, and WHO. In this study, the full text of various articles in Persian and English was used. After removing duplicate articles and articles that did not fit the topic of the study, 54 articles were finally selected. Results: Based on the findings, the world health organization has reported that diarrhea, polio, hepatitis A, and cholera are the most common GI infectious diseases caused by contaminated water in children in the Middle East. The present reports of waterborne disease represent only a small proportion of the total number of cases of this disease in the population. In some areas, it has been shown that investments in water and wastewater supply by responsible institutions can provide a net economic gain by reducing negative health impacts and healthcare costs. Results The results of this study indicate that most of the diseases caused by contaminated water affect children, due to low ability to observe personal hygiene and the state of the child’s immune system, which often leads to the death of children. Conclusions: The lack of diagnosis and insufficient prevalence of these diseases in some Middle Eastern countries, followed by the lack of attention to the prevention and control of waterborne diseases, threatens the health policies of these countries. International organizations, especially the world health organization and the united nations children’s fund, play a vital role in addressing and controlling this problem.

Training and competence in Digestive Endoscopy: Statement Position Paper from the Spanish Society of Digestive Diseases.

Gastrointestinal (GI) Endoscopy is a basic competence for the management of gastrointestinal diseases. However, it should not be regarded as an independent training technique. Rather it is a part of a continuous and accredited process that requires clinical knowledge from the gastroenterologist to keep skills up-to-date in a constantly evolving medical subspecialty. Thus, the only official accredited way for training in GI endoscopy is through the Specialized Health Training program in the Management of the Digestive Diseases administered by the Spanish Ministry of Health.

Recent Advances in the Management of Gastrointestinal Disease

Interdisciplinary sessions at the recent United European Gastroenterology (UEG) Week, held in Vienna, Austria, from 8th to 11th October 2022, covered new approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal and hepatic disorders, with a focus on advances in the non-invasive management of these diseases. Abstract-based and poster sessions presented original research from Europe and other parts of the world. This review summarises selected data presented in the fields of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI), gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), and disorders of the pancreas. Previously termed functional gastrointestinal disorders, the Rome Foundation is gradually moving toward the use of DGBI in place of functional gastrointestinal disorders to avoid stigma. Cristina Rubín de Célix, Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Spain, described a systematic review and meta-analysis of real-world evidence for ustekinumab in the treatment of Crohn’s disease. Regarding irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Salvatore Crucillà, Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Italy, showed that following a Mediterranean diet resulted in symptom improvement and faecal microbiota changes in patients with constipation-predominant IBS. Fiona Kinnear, Novozymes A/S, Cork, Ireland, reported patients’ experiences of probiotics for IBS. Tatyana Kugler, Department of Internal Medicine, Donetsk National Medical University, Ukraine, discussed quality of life (QoL) in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD), and Ayesha Shah, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, and Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, considered the impact of a diagnosis of more than one DGBI. James White, Medscape Global Education, London, UK, considered the impact of continuing medical education (CME) on confidence in the management of GORD. Additionally, Peter Macinga, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia, provided evidence that chronic pancreatitis is associated with an alteration in the gut microbiota, and Joakim Svahn, Viatris AB, Stockholm, Sweden, described the use of a patient support programme (PSP) in patients prescribed pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) for pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI).

Root Bark Extract of Oroxylum indicum Vent. Inhibits Solid and Ascites Tumors and Prevents the Development of DMBA-Induced Skin Papilloma Formation

Oroxylum indicum is a traditionally used plant in Ayurvedic and folk medicines. The plant is useful for the management of gastrointestinal diseases as well as skin diseases. In the present study, we analyzed the antitumor potential of O. indicum in Dalton's lymphoma ascites tumor cells (DLA) and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)-induced solid and ascites tumors. Further, the potential of O. indicum extract (OIM) on skin papilloma induction by dimethyl benz(a) anthracene (DMBA) and croton oil was evaluated. The chemical composition of the extract was analyzed using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The predominant compounds present in the extract were demethoxycentaureidin 7-O-rutinoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, baicalein-7-O-glucuronide, 5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone, 3-Hydroxy-3',4',5'-trimethoxyflavone, 5,7-dihydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl) chromen-4-one, and 4'-Hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavanone. Treatment with high-dose OIM enhanced the percentage of survival in ascites tumor-bearing mice by 34.97%. Likewise, high and low doses of OIM reduced the tumor volume in mice by 61.84% and 54.21%, respectively. Further, the skin papilloma formation was brought down by the administration of low- and high-dose groups of OIM (by 67.51% and 75.63%). Overall, the study concludes that the Oroxylum indicum root bark extract is a potentially active antitumor and anticancer agent.