Management Of Gastric Ulcer Research Articles

Design, characterization, and biological evaluation of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide oral dispersion for gastric ulcer management

Design, characterization, and biological evaluation of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide oral dispersion for gastric ulcer management

Synergistic Nutraceutical Effects of Aqueous Extracts from Vernonia amygdalina and Moringa oleifera: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Gastric Ulcer Management

Abstract BACKGROUND: Gastric ulcers pose a significant health challenge globally, leading to morbidity and impacting quality of life. These ulcers result from the erosion of the gastric lining, compromising its role as the body’s first defense against pathogens. Traditional treatments often come with side effects and high costs, prompting a shift toward herbal remedies as viable nutraceutical options. This study investigates the combined nutraceutical effects of aqueous extracts from Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) and Moringa oleifera (drumstick tree) to evaluate their potential in enhancing gastric mucosal protection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 35 Wistar rats were assigned to seven groups. The first group served as a control, receiving only standard feed and water, while the remaining groups were administered a single dose of indomethacin (40 mg/kg) to induce gastric ulcers. Following ulcer induction, various treatments were applied, including standard care with omeprazole and different doses of the herbal extracts. After 21 days, the rats were euthanized, and gastric tissues were collected for analysis. RESULTS: The study revealed significant healing of the gastric mucosa in rats treated with the combined extracts of Vernonia amygdalina and M. oleifera. Histological examination showed marked restoration of tissue integrity and a reduction in ulcer indices, suggesting a synergistic effect of the two herbs in promoting gastric health. CONCLUSION: The findings support the hypothesis that the combination of V. amygdalina and M. oleifera offers a promising dietary therapy for gastric ulcers, highlighting the potential of herbal medicine in strategic healthcare approaches for gastrointestinal disorders.

Probiotics as a Therapeutic Approach for Non-infectious Gastric Ulcer Management: a Comprehensive Review.

A gastric ulcer is a stomach lining or nearby intestine disruption caused by acid and pepsin. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and NSAIDs are the primary culprits behind stomach infections that can lead to gastric ulcers and other digestive disorders. Additionally, lifestyle choices such as alcohol consumptionand cigarette smoking, stress, and exposure to cold environments can also contribute to non-infectious gastric ulcers. Various treatments are available for gastric ulcers, including antibiotics, anticholinergics, and antacids. However, potential concerns include antibiotic resistance, side effects, and treatment failure. Considering this, there is a need for an alternative approach to manage it. Fortunately, probiotics, typically Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, show potential for healing gastric ulcers, offering a non-invasive alternative to conventional treatments. A notable concern arises from applying probiotic bacteria stemming from the propensity of pathogenic bacteria to develop antimicrobial resistance in response to antibiotic therapies. Therefore, the use of yeast becomes more imperative due to its natural resistance to antibacterial antibiotics for antibacterial-treated patients. Probiotic bacteria and yeasts could heal gastric ulcers by regulating the immune response, reducing inflammation, and restoring the balance between defensive and aggressive factors of the gastric layer. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth analysis of the benefits of probiotics and their potential as a therapeutic treatment for non-infectious gastric ulcers, along with other probiotic options. In particular, this review provides a succinct summary of multiple literature studies on probiotics, emphasising the distinctive properties of yeast probiotics, as well as their (bacteria and yeasts) application in the management of non-infectious gastric ulcers.

Non-pharmacological interventions to prevent return of gastric ulcers: A systematic review

Recurrence of gastric ulcers is a significant concern, and non-pharmacological interventions play an important role in their prevention. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of nonpharmacological interventions in preventing gastric ulcer recurrence. The aim of this research is Non-Pharmacological Interventions to Prevent Recurrence of Gastric Ulcers: A Systematic Review". The research method in this study was the literature method. The literature method was carried out by means of a comprehensive search carried out in several databases, including PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library, using predefined search terms. Studies published from (start date) to (end date) were included. Two independent reviewers screened articles, extracted data, and assessed the quality of included studies using standard tools. The results show that non-pharmacological interventions are quite promising in preventing recurrence of gastric ulcers. Dietary modifications, such as avoiding spicy and acidic foods, and adopting a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, are associated with a reduced risk of relapse. Lifestyle changes, particularly smoking cessation and reducing alcohol consumption, have shown a positive impact on healing ulcers and preventing recurrence. Stress management techniques, such as relaxation exercises and cognitive behavioral therapy, show potential benefits in reducing ulcer recurrence rates. Complementary therapies, such as acupuncture and herbal remedies, have shown mixed results, with some studies showing positive effects in preventing recurrence. Non-pharmacological interventions offer a valuable approach to preventing gastric ulcer recurrence. Dietary modifications, lifestyle changes, stress management techniques, and complementary therapies show promising results in reducing relapse rates. These findings highlight the importance of integrating non-pharmacological interventions into gastric ulcer management and prevention strategies. Further research is needed to validate these findings and explore optimal implementation methods.

Gastroretentive Raft Forming System for Enhancing Therapeutic Effect of Drug-Loaded Hollow Mesoporous Silica on Gastric Ulcers.

Gastric ulcers are characterized by damage to the stomach lining and are often triggered by substances such as ethanol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Patchouli alcohol (PA) has demonstrated effectiveness in treating gastric ulcers through antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the water insolubility of PA and rapid gastric emptying cause low drug concentration and poor absorption in the stomach, resulting in limited treatment efficacy of PA. This study develops an oral gastroretentive raft forming system (GRFDDS) containing the aminated hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (NH2-HMSN) for PA delivery. The application of NH2-HMSN can enhance PA-loading capacity and water dispersibility, promoting bio-adhesion to the gastric mucosa and sustained drug release. The incorporation of PA-loaded NH2-HMSN (NH2-HMSN-PA) into GRFDDS can facilitate gastric drug retention and achieve long action, thereby improving therapeutic effects. The results reveal that NH2-HMSN-PA protects the gastric mucosa damage by inhibiting NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis. The GRFDDS, optimized through orthogonal design, demonstrates the gastric retention capacity and sustained drug release, exhibiting significant therapy efficacy in an ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcersmodel and an aspirin-induced chronic gastric ulcersmodel through antioxidation, anti-pyroptosis, and anti-inflammation. This study provides a potential strategy for enhancing druggability of insoluble natural compounds and therapeutic management of gastric ulcers.

The contemplation of amylosefor the delivery of ulcerogenic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

This manuscript proposes an innovative approach to mitigate the gastrointestinal adversities linked withnonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) by exploiting amylose as a novel drug delivery carrier. The intrinsic attributes of V-amylose, such as its structural uniqueness, biocompatibility andbiodegradability, as well asits capacity to form inclusion complexes with diverse drug molecules, are meticulously explored. Through a comprehensive physicochemical analysis of V-amylose and ulcerogenic NSAIDs, the plausibility of amylose as a protective carrier for ulcerogenic NSAIDs to gastrointestinal regions is elucidated. This review further discusses the potential therapeutic advantages of amylose-based drug delivery systems in the management of gastric ulcers. By providing controlled release kinetics and enhanced bioavailability, these systems offer promising prospects for the development of more effective ulcer therapies.

ENHANCING GASTRIC ULCER MANAGEMENT: NOVEL INSIGHTS FROM TERAZOSIN-PANTOPRAZOLE COMBINATION THERAPY

In this present study, we explored a novel approach to gastric ulcer management by investigating the therapeutic potential of terazosin, an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor inhibitor, in combination with pantoprazole, a common anti-ulcer agent. Employing an ethanol-induced rat-gastric ulcer model, the study demonstrated that terazosin pre-treatment significantly reduced ulcer formation, with the terazosinpantoprazole combination exhibiting superior mucosal protection compared to pantoprazole alone. Histopathological analysis revealed preserved mucosal structure and reduced neutrophil infiltration, indicating an anti-inflammatory effect. At a molecular level, the combination treatment groups exhibited elevated levels of phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK-1), a vital enzyme in cellular energy metabolism, while inflammatory markers IκB kinase (IKK) and interleukin- 6 (IL-6) were significantly reduced, signifying mitigation of inflammation. These findings of the three different combinations of terazosin with pantoprazole indicate that this can be a potential approach for the treatment of gastric ulcers and can help in reducing the existing pantoprazole dose.

Investigation of a biopolymer-based pH-responsive and sustained release raft-gel-forming tablet of famotidine: In-vitro, ex-vivo, bioavailability and anti-ulcer evaluation in New Zealand albino rabbit

Famotidine (FAM), a histamine H2 receptor antagonist, routinely used for gastric ulcers. However, the poor permeability, short biological half-life and degradation in acidic gastric environment, limits its bioavailability and reduces the expression of potential bioactivity. The present study investigated sodium alginate as a pH responsive and raft-gel-forming biopolymer along with slowly releasing ingredients to achieve stomach site-specific, stable and sustained release FAM tablet (FAMRFT) for the management of gastric ulcer. The Box Behnken design was adopted to optimize raft strength and sustained release profile. The optimized FAMRFT was evaluated in terms of in-vitro, ex-vivo and in-vivo in suitable animal models. In-vitro release study showed that FAMRFT can effectively and continuously sustained-release with diffusion mechanism. Ex-vivo permeation study in porcine gastric mucosa showed two-fold increase in permeation parameters. In-vivo studies in New Zealand albino rabbits, the X-ray scintigraphy confirmed the formation of raft-gel in gastric and buoyancy, improved 3-fold bioavailability as compared to pure FAM and commercial tablet, respectively. Further, the improved gastro protective effects were reflected in gastric volume, total acid output, pH, ulcer score, ulcer index, ulcer protection and biomarkers level such as malondialdehyde (MDA), total glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (NO) in aspirin-induced gastric ulcers in albino rabbit. Moreover, histopathological study revealed the absence of epithelial erosion, submucosal edema and leucocytes infiltration in gastric mucosa. The results indicate that sodium alginate-based pH responsive raft-gel may be a new formulation for the application of FAM for the treatment of gastric ulcer.

The Effect of Hypericum perforatum Extract on Gastric Ulcer Development in Rat Models

Gastric ulcer is a serious condition that results from the wearing/tearing of the stomach mucosa. A physiological equilibrium is maintained between mucosal defense and aggressive factors. In this study, the effectiveness of medicinal plants (Hypericum perforatum) in the management of gastric ulcer was compared to that of omeprazole, a well-known drug for gastric ulcer. This study involved numerous study groups of male rats comprising of the following: the first group (control group exposed to H. pylori and fed with normal animal feed), the second group (rats exposed to H. pylori and treated with two doses {of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg} of aqueous H. perforatum), and the third group (rats exposed to H. pylori and treated with 20 mg/kg of omeprazole). The outcome of the study demonstrated that a high dose of H. perforatum prevents (50.65%) the development of stomach ulcers. The group treated with omeprazole revealed a formation of stomach ulcers (24.50%). A high dose of the aqueous plant extracts showed greater effectiveness in preventing gastric ulcer formation compared to the lower dosage.

Selective accumulation of ionic nanocrystal H2 storage system as an in situ H2/boric acid nanogenerator fights against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers

Ethanol is a potential causative factor of gastric ulcers, which are associated with gastric injury and the overproduction of reactive oxygen species. Molecular hydrogen (H2) is reportedly a benign antioxidant and boric acid is an effective medication in repairing deep wounds. In this work, a nanoparticle system that consists of potassium borohydride ionic nanocrystals (KBH4 NCs) with a high H2 storage capacity is developed for the treatment and prevention of ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in mice. H2-rich water (HRW) is used as a control. Since the evolution of gaseous H2 from the HRW is abrupt, most of the evolved H2 gas is lost to the surrounding environment before and during oral administration. By contrast, KBH4 NCs can be trapped at the defect sites of ulcerated regions, reacting with the gastric fluid to generate sustainably gaseous H2 and boric acid, mitigating oxidative stress and excessive inflammation in tissues and repairing the gastric injury. Additionally, the protection that is afforded by gastric mucosa against ethanol-induced damage is stronger in mice that have been pretreated with KBH4 NCs than in those that have been pretreated with HRW, indicating the protective effect of KBH4 NCs. Overall, the data suggest that the as-developed KBH4 NCs are a promising oral formulation for the effective management of gastric ulcers.

Evaluating the Anti‐Gastric Ulcer Activity of Aegle marmelos: A Brief Review

AbstractGastric ulcer is a deep hole in the stomach wall that penetrates the entire mucosa. About 10 % of the world population suffers from gastrointestinal tract disorders frequently known as gastric ulcers. Synthetic drugs are used to prevent gastric ulcers by suppressing the formation of gastric acid or stopping bacterial infections, however, these synthetic drugs have a number of harmful effects. Therefore, drug candidates with improved potency and minimal toxicity are crucial for the treatment and management of gastric ulcers. Recently, there has been a lot of interest in the medicinal potential of plants and their ability to treat gastric ulcers. There is an urgent need for herbal remedies to treat ulcers, and Aegle marmelos presents a better option due to scientifically proven antibacterial and antiulcer properties. In this context, A. marmelos highlights various benefits including anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It is well known that every component of A. marmelos has therapeutic and medical use. The two main causes of stomach ulcers are Helicobacter pylori and NSAIDs. A. marmelos shows strong antioxidant and antiulcer effects and guard against H. pylori‐caused ulcers on the stomach mucosa by inhibiting secretory factors and activating antioxidant processes.

Development and evaluation of gastro retentive drug delivery system of monoammonium glycyrrhizinate for the management of gastric ulcer

Development and evaluation of gastro retentive drug delivery system of monoammonium glycyrrhizinate for the management of gastric ulcer

Brazilian Red Propolis Accelerates Gastric Healing and Reduces Gastric Submucosal Layer Inflammation in Ultrasound-Monitored Rats.

Propolis has been used for the treatment of gastric disturbances in folk medicine, nevertheless, the gastric healing effects of Brazilian red propolis have not been unveiled. This study aimed to assess the gastric healing effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of red propolis (HERP) in the acetic acid-induced ulcer model. Rats under acetic acid-induced-ulcer were treated with HERP (100 mg/kg, p.o.) twice a day for seven days. Histological changes, oxidative stress, and inflammatory parameters were analyzed in the gastric tissue. Moreover, the gastric wall thickness was measured by ultrasound. The in vitro cytotoxicity of HERP and cellular migration of fibroblasts were evaluated. The treatment with HERP promoted gastric healing, reducing gastric wall thickness, macroscopic lesion area, and histopathological damages compared to the vehicle. Moreover, HERP reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in the gastric tissue but did not change mucin or collagen levels. HERP did not show signs of toxicity either in vivo or in vitro. HERP displayed a healing effect in vivo by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. These data contribute to validating the popular use of this product in the treatment of gastric disorders and advance scientific knowledge in the search for new drugs for the management of gastric ulcers.

Evaluation of Ulcer Protective Activity of Morus alba L. Extract-Loaded Chitosan Microspheres in Ethanol-Induced Ulcer in Rat Model.

Due to an unhealthy lifestyle, gastric ulcers have become a very common disease these days. Moreover, the side effects linked with the prolonged use of conventional treatments have shifted the paradigm towards herbal therapies. The leaves of Morus alba L. (Family-Moraceae) have been traditionally used for a large number of metabolic diseases. In the present research, we focused on the development of chitosan microspheres using extracts of leaves of Morus alba L. and their evaluation for gastroprotective efficacy against ethanol-induced ulcers in experimental rats. The process of development of M. alba extract microsphere (MEM) is also optimized using the Box-Behnken design. The formulation was prepared at optimized conditions (chitosan concentration (1.66% w/w), volume of glutaraldehyde (4.69 mL), and stirrer rotation per minute, RPM, 854.8), and the percentage yield (Y1) of the resulted microspheres is ∼95% with an encapsulation efficiency (EE) of (Y2(rutin)) ∼86%, Y2(quercetin)) ∼85%, and particle size (Y3) of ∼40 µm. The MEM prepared at optimized conditions can also be characterized for various parameters to ensure the uniformity of parameters. Also, the drug release studies indicated that the percentage release of rutin and quercetin from MEM was enhanced as compared to M. alba extract (ME) alone. Furthermore, in vivo analysis of the antiulcer potential of pretreatment with ME and MEM (500 mg/kg p.o.) in rats indicated that mucosal lesions, gastric juice volume, and total acidity were significantly altered as compared to ethanol-treated animals. Histopathology of tissue sections also confirmed the protection of gastric mucosa on pretreatment with MEM at 500 mg/kg p.o. On the basis of these findings, we can conclude that prepared microspheres can be used to develop a sustained release formulation of extract for the management of gastric ulcers. However, additional research is needed to establish the specific mechanisms of M. alba's antiulcer efficacy.

Anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant bioactivities of the methanolic extract of Alafia zambesiaca (stem-bark)

Alafia zambesiaca is a medicinal plant used widely in Ghana for the treatment of gastric/peptic ulcers. The objective of this study was to comparatively assess the effect of the methanolic and the diethylether extracts of the plant phytochemicals on three bioactivities indicative of gastric/peptic ulcers etiology. Using standard laboratory assays involving broth dilution, carrageenan-induced foot swelling of 7-day old chicks and DPPH radical scavenging, this study compared and contrasted the antimicrobial, the antioxidant and the anti-inflammatory bioactivities of the methanolic extract with that of the diethyl ether extract of the stem-bark of Alafia zambesiaca. Phytochemical analyses proffered mechanistic explanations for the differing solvent-specific extract bioactivities by reporting the presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides and triterpenoids in the methanolic extract and by demonstrating that saponin is the only detectable phytochemical in the diethylether extract. The methanolic extract was comparatively the more potent anti-oxidant in vitro as demonstrated by its relatively higher anti-oxidant capacity, its comparatively higher total phenolic content and its disproportionately lower IC50’s in the DPPH and H2O2 antioxidant assays. Consistently for each of the panel of four bacterial and two fungal pathogenic microbial cell lines, the methanolic extract showed higher anti-microbial activity recording, in each case, MICs that were quantitatively lower than that of the diethylether extract. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity using the carrageenan induced chick feet edema method indicated the methanolic extract’s evocation of a dose-dependent reduction in foot edema and the diethyl ether extract’s lack of display of measurable anti-inflammatory activity. Taken together, the more polar methanolic extract contains quantitatively more phytochemicals that have qualitatively more potent bioactivities and this observation gives credence to the use of aqueous stem-bark extracts of Alafia zambesiaca for the ethnomedicinal management of gastric ulcers. Alafia zambesiaca mediates its anti-ulcer effects in gastric mucosa possibly through polar phytochemical-triggered suppressive effects on microbial proliferation, via polar phytochemical-evoked mitigation of concurrent cellular oxidative stress and through polar phytochemical-modulation of inhibitory effects on cellular inflammatory events.

Management of Gastric Ulcer w.s.r. Annadrava Shool in Ayurveda: A Case Study

Annadrava shoola is one of the diseases of the alimentary canal in which there is colic occurs after digestion, during digestion or at any time and Patient feels relief after vomiting. It can be said gastric ulcer on the basis of its signs and symptoms.
 Gastric ulcers are most commonly located on the lesser curvature, whereas duodenal ulcers are most common at the duodenal bulb. The ulcer is round to oval with a smooth base. Acute ulcers have regular borders, while chronic ulcers have elevated borders with inflammation. An ulcer extends beyond the muscularis mucosa. Ayurveda encourages lifestyle interventions and natural therapies to regain a balance between the body, mind and the environment. In this paper, a case study on Annadrava shoola has been explained. A female patient of 42 years of age came to the Kayachikitsa OPD (OPD REG.no-6836) Government Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Patna-03 having complain of pain and burning sensation in abdomen for 5 months as well as irregular bowel evacuation (>3episode) in the last 3 months. The nature of pain was gradual on onset and burning type and exaggerated after meal. On the basis of history of the patient and endoscopy report, he was diagnosed as gastric ulcer and pan gastritis. We have done the Shamana Chikitsa for the patient. In Shamana Chikitsa was done with combinations of Sutashekhar Ras, Tab Aciloss and Shatavari Churna for one month. Endoscopy was repeated after one and half months of treatment. Report showed only that the treatment cured the Annadrava shoola (gastric ulcer) of the patient. So, there is hope in Ayurveda for the treatment of Annadrava shoola.

Pharmacological evaluation of newly synthesized organotin IV complex for antiulcer potential

The present study aims to investigate the newly synthesized organotin (IV) complex (2E, 2′E) dibutylstannanediyl bis (4-(4-nitrophenyl) amino)-4-oxobut-2-enoate (DTN) for its anti-ulcer potential. Characterization performed by carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy proved that all values are in the expected ranges of the new compound. Gastroprotective activity of DTN was evaluated through in-silico, anti-H. pylori, in-vitro, in-vivo, and ex-vivo proteomic analysis. In-silico analysis shows that DTN possess stable binding with protein targets involved in gastric ulcer pathophysiology. DTN exhibited an inhibitory effect against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, H. pylori and hydrogen potassium ATPase (H+/K+-ATPase). The antiulcer activity was performed using an ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in rats. Anti-oxidant profile of DTN showed a significant increase in glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione and catalase levels whereas lipid peroxidation levels were reduced. Histopathological findings confirmed that DTN protected the gastric mucosa of rats. Inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor-alpha, nuclear factor kappa B, cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin 6 and interleukin-1β were reduced and prostaglandin-E2 restored expression of these cytokines in DTN pretreated animals when analyzed by using immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot techniques. In real-time polymerase chain reaction technique, the expression of H+/K+-ATPase was downregulated in DTN pretreated group. DTN did not cause any mortality up to 400 mg/Kg. This study indicates that the newly synthesized compound DTN, possess stable binding against selected targets. DTN exhibits a gastro-protective effect, mediated via anti-H. pylori, H+/K+-ATPase inhibition, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways, exploring its therapeutic potential in gastric ulcer management.

Assessment of Gastric Acid Anti-Secretory Effects of Fraction Extracts of Piper guineense Leaf on Histamine-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Wistar Rats

Despite many etiological factors, gastric acid secretion is assumed to play a central role in the development of gastric ulcer. Blockade of gastric acid secretion therefore, seems to be the key therapeutic objective of gastric ulcer disease. Available acid-blocking/anti-secretory drugs used in the management of gastric ulcer are associated with high cost, unwanted side effects and treatment relapse. Extracts from plants can be useful and may serve as an alternative to conventional drugs in gastric ulcer management. This work was aimed at assessing the gastric acid anti-secretory effects of fractionated ethanol extract of Piper guineense leaf on histamine-induced ulcer in Wistar rats. This was conducted by administering orally, 400mg/kg of fraction extracts obtained by fractionation of ethanol-extracted residue, to fifty six adult Wistar rats randomized into eight groups (n=7) of animals followed by induction of ulcer with 40mg/kg histamine, orally. The effects of the plant extracts on histamine-induced ulcer, gastric pH and gastric volume were ascertained. From the results, all the extracts significantly (p<0.05) produced ulcer inhibition, increased gastric pH and reduced gastric volume. This study concludes that extracts of Piper guineense leaf possess antiulcer effects, which may occur via histamine-2-receptor blockade and/or anti-secretory mediated activities. Keywords: Gastric acid, Fraction extracts, Histamine, Anti­secretory, Piper guineense

Lupeol Stearate Accelerates Healing and Prevents Recurrence of Gastric Ulcer in Rodents.

Objective The focus of this study was to evaluate the gastric healing effect of lupeol stearate (LS) and its ability to minimize ulcer recurrence in rodents. Methods To evaluate the gastric healing properties of LS, rats were subjected to 80% acetic acid-induced ulcer model and treated with vehicle, LS (1 mg/kg, p.o.), or omeprazole (20 mg/kg, p.o.), twice daily by seven days. The gastric ulcers were evaluated macroscopically, histologically, and biochemically. To evaluate the effects of LS in gastric ulcer recurrence, mice were ulcerated with 10% acetic acid and treated with vehicle, LS (1 mg/kg, p.o.), or ranitidine (100 mg/kg, p.o.), twice a day for ten days. Then, ulcer recurrence in these animals was induced by IL-1β at five days after the treatment period. Results The oral treatment with LS accelerated gastric healing by 63% in rats compared to the vehicle group, evidenced by histological improvement and increased gastric mucin levels. Moreover, the gastric healing effects of LS in rats were accompanied by an elevation in glutathione S-transferase activity and a reduction in myeloperoxidase activity. Furthermore, the LS treatment reduced the recurred lesions in mice. Conclusions The oral treatment of LS accelerates gastric healing in rats by favoring mucus production and reducing neutrophil migration, and it also can reduce ulcer recurrence. These data highlighted this compound as promising for developing new pharmacological strategies for the management of gastric ulcer.

Evaluation of anti-gastric ulcer activity of aqueous and 80% methanol leaf extracts of Urtica simensis in rats

BackgroundGastric ulcer is a major public health problem globally and associated with severe complications including hemorrhages, perforations, gastrointestinal obstruction, and malignancy. Urtica simensis is widely used for traditional management of gastric ulcer in different parts of Ethiopia. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-gastric ulcer activity of aqueous and 80% methanol extracts of U.simensis in rats. MethodsThe leaf extracts were prepared using decoction (aqueous) and maceration (80% methanol) techniques and in vivo anti-gastric ulcer effects of various doses of U. simensis extracts and the effect were determined using the pylorus ligation, indomethacin and ethanol induced gastric ulcer models. ResultsIn pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcer model, both aqueous and 80% methanol extracts at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg were exhibited significant reduction in total acidity, volume of gastric secretion (p < 0.001) and substansial rise in pH (p˂0.05) of the gastric secretion. In indomethacin induced ulcer model, both aqueous and methanol extracts were exhibited dose dependent increment in gastric wall mucus compared to control (p < 0.001). In ethanol induced ulcer model, all doses of extract produced significant increment in gastric wall mucus from 46.66 ± 0.96 (AQ100) to 75.87 ± 1.52 (ME 400) μg alcian blue/g wet stomach. Five days pre-treatment with 200 mg/kg of both and aqueous and methanolic extracts exhibited significant (P < 0.001) ulcer inhibition in both indomethacin and ethanol-induced ulcer models. ConclusionBoth extracts of U.simensis exhibited a promising anti-gastric ulcer activity in all of the three models and this findings supports for traditional claimed use of the leaf of U. simensis.