Domestic Wastewater Management Research Articles

RISK MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS IN SPALD-T PROJECTS

The Centralized Domestic Wastewater Management System (SPALD-T) projects play a crucial role in improving urban sanitation but face various risks that can affect project performance. This study aims to analyze the influence of risk factors on SPALD-T project performance in DKI Jakarta. Using a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design, data were collected through a survey of 125 members of the SPALD-T project team. The questionnaire used has undergone validity and reliability tests to ensure accurate measurement of variables. Multiple regression analysis was employed to test the relationship between risk factors and project performance. The results indicate that waste management risk has a significant and positive influence on project performance, with a regression coefficient of 0.188 and a p-value of 0.001. Meanwhile, technical risk shows a positive trend but is not statistically significant, with a regression coefficient of 0.104 and a p-value of 0.078. These findings emphasize the importance of a comprehensive risk management approach, especially in waste management aspects, to improve SPALD-T project performance. This research contributes to the development of more effective risk mitigation strategies in the context of sanitation infrastructure projects in Indonesia and highlights the need for further research on the interaction between various types of risks in influencing project performance.

Domestic Wastewater Management Program in East Bolaang Mongondow Regency

This study aims to determine, analyze and describe the condition of infrastructure and the supporting and inhibiting factors of the domestic wastewater management program in East Bolaang Mongondow Regency. The research method used is qualitative research method. The results showed that first, Policy Standards and Objectives; The leaders in the Public Works and Spatial Planning Office (PUTR) already know the regulatory basis related to Domestic Wastewater Management. Then the people in Matabulu Village do not know the rules that apply to this program. And also in Matabulu Village, so far there has been no Standard Operational Procedure provided by the District Government to the Village Government. Even the achievement of the Program target is still not optimal. Second, Resources in Program Implementation; Program Beneficiaries are right on target, but the budget funds in this program are still lacking. Then there is participation provided by the Matabulu Village Community, such as providing land grants and labor assistance in the process of developing a Domestic Wastewater Management System (SPALD). And there are also parties who are responsible for the implementation of this program in East Bolaang Mongondow Regency, namely from the Community Self-Help Group (KSM). Third, Communication between Program Implementers; KSMs who carry out regular reporting to the Village Government and even to the PUTR Office. Furthermore, the socialization given to beneficiaries is only about the construction of septic tanks or the construction of this program, and there has been no further socialization related to this program in Matabulu Village. But it is also found that there is still a lack of providing solutions from implementers and beneficiaries related to existing obstacles.

ANALISIS PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR PADA PENGRAJIN BATIK BESUREK DI KELURAHAN BETUNGAN KOTA BENGKULU

Background: Bengkulu has besurek batik handicrafts with rafflesia motifs. Betungan Village is one of the areas for making besurek batik in Bengkulu City. Besurek batik here is made using the chemical dyes Naptol, Remasol and Indigasol. Batik waste water is dumped in the gutter so it is dangerous for the environment. Method: The type of research is Qualitative Descriptive. The data collection method was interviews with the Head of Bengkulu City DLH, the head of Santi Batik, members of Santi Batik, residents of Betungan Village and documentation. The research location was in Betungan Batik Village, Selebar District, Bengkulu City. Held for 1 month (March 27 – April 27). Result: The batik waste water service does not distribute it to storage tanks, waste water collection cannot be carried out because processing facilities are not yet available. There is no processing of batik waste water such as storage, absorption, filtering, settling and disposal. Besurek batik craftsmen have not implemented waste water management in accordance with PUPR Ministerial Decree 04 of 2017 concerning the Implementation of a Domestic Waste Water Management System. DLH Bengkulu City collaborated with the Betungan Village Youth Organization to create a miniature wastewater treatment plant. DLH is tasked with providing permits, guidance and supervision. The monitoring of Santi batik waste carried out by DLH is still lacking, it was scheduled to be carried out every 2 months, but this was not achieved. Conclusion: Batik waste water services that are not channeled to storage tanks, without waste water treatment facilities, mean that no waste water treatment can be carried out. Keywords: Service, Collection, Liquid Waste Processing

Application of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Technology in Rural Domestic Wastewater Treatment

The management of domestic wastewater in rural areas has always been challenging due to characteristics such as the wide distribution and dispersion of rural households. There are numerous domestic sewage discharge methods used in rural areas, and it is difficult to treat the sewage. To address this problem, decentralized wastewater treatment systems (DWTSs) have been installed around the globe to reuse and recycle wastewater for non-potable uses such as firefighting, toilet flushing, and landscape irrigation. This study compares the currently implemented treatment processes by investigating them from the point of view of their performance and their advantages and disadvantages to provide new ideas for the development of rural wastewater treatment technologies. According to conventional treatment technologies including activated sludge (OD, A/O, A/A/O, SBR), biofilm (biofilter, MBBR, biological contact oxidation, biofluidized bed) and biogas digesters, natural biological treatment technologies including artificial wetlands (surface flow, vertical flow, horizontal submerged flow artificial wetlands), soil percolation systems (slow, fast, subsurface percolation and surface diffusion) and stabilization pond technology and combined treatment technologies are categorized and further described.

Effectiveness Evaluation of Alternative Technologies Applied in Centralized Domestic Wastewater Treatment Systems

The paper aims to determine the effectiveness of several alternative technologies that have been applied in centralized domestic wastewater management systems, especially in West Java and Banten provinces, in the removal of domestic wastewater pollutant parameters. The study was conducted in SPALD-Ts, including the Anaerobic Baffle Reactor (ABR) system, the Anobic Filter (AF) system, the combined ABR + AF system, and the Extended Aeration. The analysis was performed by sampling at the inlet and outlet points of the system for three consecutive years with sampling times from 2021 - 2023. The results of the research show that the efficiency of pollutant parameter separation based on the best technology in the separation of domestic wastewater pollutant parameters is the SPALDT extended aeration technology, where this technology can separate pollutant parameters up to an average of 88.25%, but in this technology requires more cost and periodic maintenance.

Institutions in System Implementation Waste Water Management Domestic Centralized (SPALD-T) in Pekayon Village Subdistrict Sukadiri Tangerang Regency

This study aims to determine the role of institutions in the implementation of the Centralized Domestic Wastewater Management System (SPALD-T) in Pekayon Village, Sukadiri Subdistrict, Tangerang Regency. The research method used is qualitative, with a descriptive approach. The data processing techniques used in this research are observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis used in this research is interactive analysis, according to Miles and Huberman. In this study, the data credibility test was used to test the validity of the data. The data credibility test was carried out by triangulation. The results of this study indicate that the institutional effectiveness of regional apparatus organizations in Tangerang Regency is not yet effective. In terms of leadership, the Tangerang Regency Government has issued Tangerang Regent Regulation No. 80/2017 on Domestic Wastewater Management as a guideline for the implementation of SPALD-T. In terms of doctrine, the Tangerang District government's efforts to indoctrinate the community to actively participate in the implementation of SPALD-T in Pekayon Village are not optimal. Next, the program aspect has led to the fulfillment of community rights, which is also in accordance with the design that has been made, but many targets have not been achieved. Furthermore, the overall resources aspect is still lacking and cannot be utilized optimally. Then, in terms of internal structure, the Tangerang District Government's institutional strengthening is lacking because there is no organizational structure for the DPOs involved in SPALD-T implementation, and communication between DPOs is not good.

Synergic Usage of Pistia stratiotes sp., Eichhornia crassipes sp., Typha angustifolia sp., and Lepironia Articulata sp. Plants for Sewage Treatment via Phytoremediation Technology

Introduction Domestic wastewater management is challenging on a worldwide level. The discharge of a large amount of nitrogen and phosphate from sewage accelerates pollution can lead to reduced oxygen levels, excessive algal blooms, the expansion of aquatic weed plants, and the destruction of the aquatic environment. As a result, the right wastewater treatment is required prior to discharge into natural water bodies in order to prevent contamination and fulfill the wastewater acceptable limits established by the government and environmental protection agencies. For Previous studies, most of the research is carried out in a controlled environment within a small time frame. Phytoremediation offers a viable alternative by harnessing the natural capabilities of plants to enhance the degradation and removal of pollutants in sewage. Aims The objective of this study is to evaluate the phytoremediation performance using Pistia stratiotes sp., Eichhornia Crassipes sp., Typha angustifolia sp., and Lepironia Articulata sp. in treating real domestic wastewater. Methods The phytoremediation system conducted continuous treatment at the Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) effluent at Selangor, Malaysia. To the best of our knowledge there are no studies conducted on the phytoremediation plant in real STP using 4 types of aquatic plants in a row to achieve a high percentage removal of pollutants. This research observation was conducted by collecting data every 2 weeks for 4 consecutive months including the maintenance terms. In terms of pollutant removal, the phytoremediation system showed the highest removal efficiency in all tested parameters. Results The highest removal efficiency recorded for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS) and ammoniacal nitrogen (AN) were 68.38%, 70.95%, 59.21% and 25.00%, respectively. Conclusion Following the guidelines of the Environmental Quality (Sewage Effluent) Regulation 2009 Malaysia, synergic usage of the aquatic plant had successfully achieved Standard A for sewage discharge after applying the phytoremediation technology while it has been proven that the environmentally friendly technologies can reduce the risk of water pollution by using the selected plant and may solve the water shortage with a cost-effective and efficient solution to wastewater treatment.

Filtration of Grey Water Using Herbs in a Columnar Evaluation

Filtration of Grey Water Using Herbs in a Columnar Evaluation

Pendampingan Pengelolaan Air Limbah Domestik di Lingkungan Kecamatan Pasar Rebo, Jakarta Timur

Domestic wastewater management in Pasar Rebo District, East Jakarta, is the focus of community service activities (P2M) carried out by the Urban and Regional Development Studies Study Program team in collaboration with the UNKRIS Civil Engineering Study Program. The aim of this activity is to increase community awareness and ability in managing domestic wastewater in their environment. The team provided technical guidance to improve the household wastewater management system and daily community behavior through FGD activities carried out for one day by inviting all leaders from sub-districts in Pasar Rebo District. Service methods include initial surveys, interactive discussions, and evaluations. The results noted a significant increase in residents' understanding and actions regarding wastewater management. The emphasis on active community participation strengthens the positive impact of this activity in creating a foundation for improving the quality of life to support the One Million Orchid Village program in Pasar Rebo District.

ANALISIS PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR DOMESTIK DI PULAU PRAMUKA KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN SERIBU, DKI JAKARTA

Domestic liquid waste can contaminate the soil, damage aquatic ecosystems, affect people's drinking water sources, cause germs of disease and cause unpleasant odors if not managed properly. This study aims to analyze the processing of domestic wastewater on Pramuka Island, Seribu Islands Regency, DKI Jakarta.
 This study used an observational method regarding waste management and the quality of domestic wastewater. This research was conducted on Pramuka Island, Thousand Islands Regency, DKI Jakarta. From the results of observations regarding the processing of liquid waste, it is described in detail and the quality of the liquid waste will be compared with the Decree of the Minister of State for Environment and Forestry Number 68 of 2016 and Regulation of the Minister of Environment Number 19 of 2010.
 Laboratory test results and analysis show that the management of Pramuka Island's domestic wastewater meets quality standards, except for the inlet and outlet sampling points of WWTP Zone 3, only the ammonia parameter (NH3-N)+ the measurement results are above the established quality standard.

The Role of Bureaucratic Structure in the Implementation of The Domestic Wastewater Management Policy in Makassar City

This research aims to understand the role of bureaucratic structure in implementing public policy, specifically in domestic wastewater management in Parang Tambung Subdistrict, Tamalate District, Makassar City. The study finds that implementing this policy requires effective coordination among all bureaucratic elements and the involvement of various work units. This research also indicates that the application of Standard Operational Procedures (SOP) and Fragmentation, as Edward C. George III explained, can be effective methods to enhance the success of policy implementation. However, to achieve success in policy implementation, the involvement of all bureaucratic elements and cooperation with external elements is necessary. In conclusion, an effective and efficient bureaucratic structure is crucial for the success of public policy implementation.

Coffee Shop Liquid Waste Treatment System Using Portable Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP)

Coffee shops produce waste that is included in the category of domestic waste in a fairly large amount. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out domestic wastewater management. One solution is the design of an integrated portable WWTP that can treat waste from coffee shop business activities. The advantages of using WWTP are that it is simple and does not require large amounts of land. The processing of this WWTP consists of filtration and precipitation. The wastewater to be filtered will be separated from the solids, after which it will be continued with stratified filtration using activated carbon. In the study, variations in flow rate were carried out to determine processing efficiency, namely variations in tap openings of 30o, 45o, and 90owith water flow rate of 200, 360, and 570 mL/s. The result of research, the portable Wastewater Treatment Plant with activated carbon filtration designed has been able to treat coffee shop liquid waste. The variation of flow rate in the processing of coffee shop liquid waste affects the processing results where the smaller the flow rate, the greater the efficiency reduction. The optimum flow rate variation in this study is 200 mL/s with a COD removal efficiency of 48.5%, TSS 72.8%, Coliform 66.6%, TDS 62.5%, and pH 6.2. The suggestion that can be given is the addition of a biological treatment system to optimize the performance of Portable WWTP.

Domestic wastewater masterplan for Ciamis Regency

In Ciamis Regency, domestic wastewater is the largest pollutant entering waterways. One way to monitor and control wastewater is to improve wastewater disposal. The government has set targets in 2015-2019, including the provision of 100% drinking water coverage, a target of 0% of households occupying uninhabitable housing and settlements (slums) in urban areas, and achieving 100% sanitation. This plan aims to provide adequate sanitation facilities for domestic wastewater disposal, particularly in urban areas of the Ciamis Regency. This master plan examines the technical and technological aspects of domestic wastewater management planning. It is planned to build 4 urban-scale IPALs that will serve 20% of the urban population in the Ciamis Regency. It is planned to build 4 urban- scale IPALs in Ciamis Sub-district and one in the Banjarsari Sub-district. The main IPAL housing buildings are expected to be in Kawali Sub-district and Panjalu Sub-district. In addition, it is planned, local system services in 3 (three) IPLT service areas are planned to be implemented in stages. The first phase is the optimization of the existing IPLT (Cijeunjing IPLT), the second phase is the construction of an IPLT in the Kawali Sub-district, and the third phase is the construction of an IPLT in the Banjaranyar Sub-district. The construction of the IPLT is expected to serve around 70% of the urban population.

Evaluasi Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) Domestik Pada Unit Pengolahan Biologis Terhadap Parameter BOD Di Industri Pakan Ternak Surabaya

Domestic wastewater can be sourced from industrial activities, one of which is the Feedmill Industry. The Surabaya Feedmill Industry has been treating domestic wastewater using a WWTP. The management of domestic wastewater is based on the Technical Approval (PERTEK) of Wastewater Utilization for Application to Land. Based on the results, there are parameters that do not fulfill the quality standards. The parameter is Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), an evaluation is needed to enhanced WWTP performance. The purpose of this research is calculating the percent removal of BOD, COD and TSS parameters in the biological treatment unit and identifying factors that can affect the removal of BOD parameters in the existing conditions of the biological treatment unit in the Surabaya Feedmill Industry. The method used is a literature study using the Ludwig Sasse equation. In the calculation of the average water discharge of 5.93 m³/day, only 29.6% of the planned discharge. The results of the calculation of HRT in biological unit processing have not met the design criteria, except for the aerobic biofilter. The BOD/COD ratio is 0.33. According to the existing calculation, the final result for the BOD parameter is 5.11 mg/L, COD is 24.38 mg/L and TSS is 37.33 mg/L. The design air requirement is 27.64 m³/day. Other factors that affect BOD removal are Dissolved Oxygen (DO) levels in the Aerobic Biofilter, nutrient requirements, and Food to Microorganism (F/M).

Penentuan Jenis dan Wilayah Prioritas Pelayanan Sistem Pengelolaan Air Limbah Domestik di Kecamatan Rancasari Kota Bandung

Rancasari Subdistrict is located in Bandung City, comprises four urban villages, encompassing 0,19 km2 with six blocks of light slum areas. Slum areas are areas that tend to have more vulnerable environmental conditions due to the minimal availability of environmental infrastructure, one of which is sanitation facilities. Based on this, Rancasari subdistrict needs to determine the type of domestic wastewater management system service and priority service areas. Determination of the service type of domestic wastewater management system is determined based on Attachment 1 of Regulation of the Minister of Public Works and Public Housing Number 4 of 2017, while priority areas are determined based on Bandung City Regional Regulation Number 5 of 2022, Regional Regulations Bandung City Number 10 of 2015, and the area of slum settlements in each village. Rancasari Subdistrict is suitable for on-site system, while the main priority area is Manjahlega Village, then Mekarjaya, Derwati, and Cipamokolan. It is necessary to develop domestic wastewater management system facilities in the main priority area in the form of development of existing communal septic tanks and communal wastewater treatment facility, as well as the closure of piped domestic wastewater disposal facility leading to the Cidurian River to stop open defecation.

Poor Industrial and Domestic Wastewater Management in Developing Countries, Resulting in Depleting Drinkable Water Resources: a Geophysical and Hydrochemical Application

Poor Industrial and Domestic Wastewater Management in Developing Countries, Resulting in Depleting Drinkable Water Resources: a Geophysical and Hydrochemical Application

Lesson Learned from Yangon to Mandalay on Wastewater Treatment Systems

This paper presents a comparative analysis of wastewater management practices in Myanmar’s major cities, Yangon and Mandalay, with a focus on drawing valuable lessons from Yangon’s experiences and proposing recommendations for the improvement of Mandalay’s domestic wastewater management, drawing insights from a SWOT analysis. Both cities are facing challenges due to rapid urbanization, leading to untreated discharge into the environment. The study identifies common challenges in both Yangon and Mandalay, such as limited treatment capacity, environmental concerns, and funding gaps. The decentralized-centralized strategy is a successful approach for Yangon even though the capacity is not high. Results showed that 17.5% of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems (DEWATS) users were highly satisfied and 45% were somewhat satisfied. Yangon’s experience with centralized systems showed that it took several years to cover the entire city for treatment, resulting in issues to cover revenue expenditures. If Mandalay adopts a similar, it will likely encounter the same issues. A recommended approach would be to implement an integrated system with DEWATS, which offers a better solution. The recommendations for sustainable wastewater management in Mandalay include active stakeholders’ involvement in decision-making, promoting community participation, and providing training. Transparency and shared responsibility are crucial for success. Addressing membrane fouling, sludge disposal, and implementing monthly fees are essential for sustainable implementation. An integrated approach along with environmental and social impact assessments are necessary to develop a cost-effective and efficient wastewater treatment system while safeguarding public health and the environment. These insights offer broader implications, guiding developing countries towards more effective and environmentally responsible wastewater management practices.

Analysis of Social Return on Investment for The Sekar Arum Domestic Wastewater Management System in Malang

The study focuses on the analysis of the Social Return on Investment (SROI) of the Sekar Arum Centralized Wastewater Treatment System (SPALD) in Malang, Indonesia. The research attempts to answer the main question regarding the economic, social, and environmental impacts produced by this program. The research methodology involved collecting both quantitative and qualitative data and consulting with stakeholders to understand their perceptions of the value and benefits of this initiative. The main findings suggest that investments in sanitation produce broad and multiplying benefits, including improved public health, reduced environmental pollution, and enhanced quality of life. The thesis delves into the significant implications of investing in sanitation and offers recommendations for increasing the effectiveness of the SPALD program. In conclusion, this thesis strengthens the understanding that investment in sanitation is a profitable and sustainable strategy that can help improve societal well-being and environmental health.

EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN METODE GABUNGAN METODE BIOFILTER ANAEROB DAN FITOREMEDIASI DALAM MENURUNKAN KADAR BOD, COD DAN TSS PADA LIMBAH CAIR DOMESTIK

The increasing population is one of the impacts of population density is the increasing need for drinking water, which also impacts increasing the amount of wastewater released. One approach that can be used in domestic wastewater management is using anaerobic biofilter and phytoremediation technology methods to reduce pollution levels. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of anaerobic biofilter and phytoremediation in reducing BOD, COD, and TSS levels in domestic wastewater at Perum Sumput Asri, Driyorejo District, Gresik Regency. This study uses variations of Biofilter media, namely in reactor one using ginger coral media and in the second reactor using bioring media for phytoremediation plants using water hyacinth plants. The retention time is 12 hours in each basin with a discharge of 3.6 l / hour with a continuous upflow system. The results of research from biofilter and phytoremediation media variations are very good coral ginger and water hyacinth biofilter media which have the effectiveness of reducing BOD levels by an average of 53%, COD levels by an average of 51.39% and TSS levels by an average of 72.40%.

Stakeholder Analysis of Sustainable Wastewater Management: A Case Study of Bogor, Indonesia

Wastewater management in Bogor, Indonesia faces significant challenges in achieving sustainability. The success of the development of wastewater management requires an analysis of the characteristics of the actors related to the relationship between actors, the attitude of actors toward development goals, and the possibility of alliances and conflicts that arise. The research aims to identify the actors’ typologies based on the strengths and relationships between the actors’ and the actors’ attitudes toward managing fast-growing areas in self-help settlements based on domestic wastewater management for the area of Bogor Town, Indonesia. This research uses a case study approach, and data were collected through observation, interviews, and focus group discussions. Data analysis used the MACTOR method (Matrix of Alliances and Conflicts Tactics, Objectives, and Recommendations) to identify the stakeholder actors’ strengths, relationships, and patterns of alliances. The results showed that the most influential actors in wastewater management are the Housing and Settlements Agency (DISRUMKIM), Regional Drinking Water Companies (PDAM), entrepreneurs (PUSAHA), MEDIA, the Regional People’s Representative Council (DPRD), Regional Development Planning Agency (BAPPEDA), Public Works and Spatial Planning Service (DPUPR), and the Health Service (DINKES). In addition, the highest divergence value was 35, which occurred in Sub-District Tanah Sareal (KEC. TANSAR) to PUSAHA. There are four actors with a high level of ambivalence, namely Sub-District Bogor Selatan (KEC BOSEL), Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD), MEDIA, and Environment Service (DLH). These findings form the basis for developing a pattern of collaboration between all stakeholders necessary for the development of sustainable wastewater management in Bogor, Indonesia. In addition, this finding allows it to be used as relevant information, and it can be implemented in other cities with the same characteristics as Bogor Town is facing similar challenges in wastewater management.