Corporate Social Responsibility Management Research Articles

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and earnings management: A structured literature review with a focus on contextual factors

AbstractThe link between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and earnings management represents an attractive empirical research topic in recent years. In view of the heterogeneous research results, the purpose of this structured literature review is to analyze the contextual factors of this complex relationship. We selected 107 quantitative peer‐reviewed archival studies on that topic and explain a possible positive and negative link between CSR and earnings management by the moral licensing hypothesis (principal agent theory) and the moral track hypothesis (stakeholder theory). We focus on firm‐ and country‐related moderator effects as contextual factors. Country‐specific studies are separated in developed (Anglo‐American and Continental European settings) and developing countries (African and Asian settings), code and case law regimes as well as the degree of shareholder protection and legal enforcement. In line with stakeholder theory, we stress that most of the included studies found a negative impact of CSR on earnings management with a focus on CSR performance and accruals‐based earnings management. Other measures, for example, CSR reporting, sub‐pillars of CSR performance, and real earnings management, are inconclusive due to reduced research activity. We do not find any structural changes between developed and developing countries, case and code law regimes, and regarding the strength of shareholder protection and legal enforcement. However, there are clear indications that corporate and country governance strengthens (weakens) the negative (positive) influence of CSR on earnings management. We stress major limitations of prior research and formulate useful recommendations for future research.

Selected demographic determinants of CSR, financial & environmental management and business ethics in SMEs

Research background: Small and medium-sized enterprises are at the heart of the business environment in every country. At the same time, emphasis is placed on the environmental aspect and, in many cases, corporate social responsibility. In this context, business ethics is also a widely discussed topic. At the same time, financial management is one of the critical areas of business management. These aspects can be influenced by various demographic factors related to the company, as well as by the business owners or managers. Purpose of the article: The objective of this paper is to examine the influence of selected demographic factors on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), financial management, environmental practices, and business ethics in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Slovakia and the Czech Republic. Methods: The empirical research was carried out as part of a broad-based research that aimed to ascertain the attitudes of small and medium-sized firms. It was conducted in June 2022 in Slovakia and the Czech Republic using the CAWI Research Method. The questionnaire could be completed by the owner or the top manager of the SME. The questionnaire was secured against automatic computer completion. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyse the characteristics of the variable, and regression (LRM) and correlation analysis methods were applied to find statistically significant differences in the influence of each independent factor. Findings & Value added: The analysis suggests interesting differences in how demographic factors influence ethics, CSR, environment and financial management in the Czech and Slovak Republics. In general, the impacts of these factors on these areas are very weak. The results showed that firm size influences SMEs' attitudes towards the environment, financial management and CSR in all countries combined. The other independent variables of the sector, such as length of business and age, do not affect attitudes towards ethics, environment, CSR, or financial management. We can generalise that in the conditions of Slovakia and the Czech Republic, among demographic criteria, only firm size plays a significant role in determining the attitudes of SME managers.

Integrating Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Sustainability Linkages with Employees’ Perceptions and Competence-Mediating Role of CSR Culture

The study examines the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) culture on the relationship between CSR strategy–sustainability linkages, ethics and the CSR outcomes in public sector organizations in India. Using a sample of 200 lower-, middle- and upper-level CSR managers, a mediation model by Baron and Kenny was outlined and tested. Results demonstrate that CSR strategy–sustainability linkages and ethics have a positive relationship with CSR culture and CSR outcomes. Further, CSR culture has a positive relationship with the CSR outcomes of employees’ CSR perceptions and competence. While CSR culture fitfully mediated the relationship between ethics and competence, partial mediation was found in all other cases. Thus, the adoption of strategic and sustainable CSR not only leads to desirable CSR outcomes but is also associated with a better fit between CSR and culture. Hence, strategic and sustainable CSR and organizational ethics must facilitate greater congruence between CSR and organizational culture.

The Dynamics of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Shareholder Activism and Cross-Cultural Management

The Dynamics of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Shareholder Activism and Cross-Cultural Management

Are corporate social responsibility and environmental management ‘influencers’ of performance in companies of the energetic sector?

AbstractPrior research has suggested that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) may affect Environmental Management (EM). Nevertheless, there has been a lack of empirical studies that have examined these relationships, specially, in companies of the energetic field. This research empirically examines whether there is a positive relationship between the implementation of a CSR culture in a company and the obtaining of better Operational Performance, as well as between CSR and EM processes and also between EM and Operational Performance. The analysis of the results obtained through the Partial Least Squares (PLS) methodology concludes that there is a positive relationship between all of them, including this paper a main contribution to Literature as it is the fact that EM plays a mediator role increasing the CSR impact over Operational Performance. The major implication derived from this study is that investments in CSR and EM practices towards all the company stakeholders should positively affect performance. Therefore, both should be equally as important as other functions of a firm.

Exploring Talent Management Practices and Corporate Social Responsibility in Finnish Companies

AbstractThe contemporary work landscape is characterized by rapid change and many evolving challenges. Therefore, companies are in increasing need for acquiring fresh knowledge and skills and human capital is acknowledged being a crucial asset for success in business world. The challenge persists in attracting, retaining and managing skilled employees. Though, the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in talent management has been recognized, still there remains a gap in understanding how talent management is integrated into CSR of companies, particularly at the multilevel investigation level. A directed content analysis method was employed on CSR reports of 25 major Finnish companies to explore key talent management practices at normative, strategic, and operational levels, as well as the integration of talent management components into CSR reports. Normative values such as diversity, equity, and inclusion were consistently emphasized in the reports. However, the translation of these values into practical implementation often yielded abstract strategic principles rather than clearly defined operational practices. The companies have placed over reliance on standardized reporting methods rather than providing comprehensive insights into talent management practices.

Mapping the Landscape of the Literature on Environmental, Social, Governance Disclosure and Firm Value: A Bibliometric Analysis and Systematic Review

Increased interest in sustainability and related issues has led to the development of disclosed corporate information on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues. Additionally, questions have arisen about whether these disclosures affect the firm’s value. Therefore, we conducted a bibliometric analysis coupled with a systematic literature review (SLR) of the current literature in the Scopus database from 2001 to 2023. We utilized VOS viewer, Site Space, and R Studio tools for this analysis. Our findings indicate that the relationship between ESG disclosures and the firm’s value has different effects and that disclosure impacts through various channels, such as increasing stakeholder trust. Moreover, the keyword analysis results before and after 2015 demonstrate significant advancement in the utilization of a theoretical foundation in the literature. Furthermore, China (Country), “Universidad de Salamanca” (University), “Uyar, Ali and García-Sánchez, Isabel-María” (Authors), and “Sustainability” and “Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management” (Journals) were the most contributing and influential in this field. On the other hand, the results revealed six thematic clusters: society, sustainable development, ESG, organization, innovation, and stakeholders. We found promising research paths and emerging themes through content analysis of these clusters, such as sustainability assurance, green innovation, and sustainable development goals (SDGs). This review concludes by providing a roadmap that includes emerging lines of research that can be explored in depth in future studies to promote better and more comprehensive integration to achieve sustainability and maximize firm value.

Corporate Social Responsibility and Earnings Management: Evidence from Vietnam

Managers might use corporate social responsibility (CSR) to conceal their misbehaviours. One of these is the implementation of earnings management (EM), which could have serious effects vis-à-vis information disclosed to stakeholders. This study examined the relationship between CSR and EM in Vietnam using the Kinder, Lydenberg, Domini (KLD) scale on five aspects: community, diversity, employees, environment, and products. The results show that in the economic context of Vietnam, for the enterprises in the consumer goods and consumer services industries, those firms with higher CSR scores are more likely to engage in EM. This finding provides additional evidence on the relation between CSR and EM and contributes to streams of studies on earnings and CSR.

The influence of corporate social responsibility, investment opportunities, and profitability on tax avoidance

The analysis conducted on the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Investment Opportunity, Profitability, and Tax Avoidance in Energy Sector Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2017 and 2021 has yielded significant insights. While the influence of CSR on Tax Avoidance was found to be insignificant, both Investment Opportunity and Profitability demonstrated notable effects, with the latter displaying a negative influence. Furthermore, the combined impact of CSR, Investment Opportunity, and Profitability on Tax Avoidance was found to be substantial, explaining 63% of the observed variance. These findings underscore the intricate relationship between corporate practices, financial performance, and tax management strategies, offering valuable implications for various stakeholders. In light of these conclusions, several recommendations can be drawn. Firstly, collaboration between tax authorities and relevant stakeholders is essential to refine tax policies, integrating sustainability considerations and ensuring transparency in corporate tax practices. Secondly, investors should adopt a comprehensive approach when assessing investment opportunities, taking into account factors beyond financial performance, including corporate social responsibility and tax management strategies. Additionally, companies are encouraged to enhance their disclosure practices concerning CSR activities, thereby promoting greater transparency and accountability. Finally, future research efforts should focus on expanding the scope of analysis across different sectors and incorporating additional variables to deepen our understanding of tax avoidance dynamics in the Indonesian context. By implementing these recommendations, policymakers, tax authorities, investors, and corporate entities can collectively contribute to fostering a more responsible and sustainable business environment.

Management tone and corporate social responsibility: Evidence from Chinese listed companies' involvement in rural revitalization

This study delves into the correlation between management tone in annual reports and corporate engagement in rural revitalization by analyzing data from publicly listed Chinese companies between 2016 and 2022. Our investigation reveals a significant positive correlation between an optimistic management tone and elevated corporate involvement in rural revitalization efforts. The findings underscore that a management's positive and forward-looking stance can stimulate enhanced corporate contributions toward rural development, with a more pronounced effect observed in case of non-state-owned entities and those under financial constraints. Furthermore, evidence suggests that the manipulation of management tone negatively affects corporate engagement in rural revitalization. These insights accentuate the critical role of management tone in shaping corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives, particularly within the realm of rural development. The study has strategic implications for corporate governance and communication, given that management tone can influence CSR activities and strategies, and suggests policy avenues for encouraging corporate participation in rural revitalization.

Gender diversity, corporate social responsibility and real earnings management for policy management decision: evidence from emerging market

Purpose The study aims to examine whether board gender diversity and corporate social responsibility (CSR) affect real earnings management (REM) practices of public companies in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach The study analyzes data of public companies for the period of 2011 through 2020. Data on board gender diversity, CSR and REM were collected from audited financial statements. Findings The empirical findings show that companies with greater diverse board are effective in restraining REM, thus supporting the theoretical framework of the study. Also, the result provides strong evidence of association between CSR performance and REM for policy management decision. Research limitations/implications The study is constrained by not considering all public companies in the country. Furthermore, it considered only gender among numerous important board attributes and environmental, social and governance (ESG) among numerous CSR attributes. Hence, future studies should consider other important attributes on REM and important attributes of board diversity and CSR on real earnings management. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the relationship between heterogeneous board gender diversity, CSR via ESG and REM in emerging markets such as Nigeria. Therefore, it provides appropriate treatment of CSR with science and technology via EGS viewpoint of organizational operations and behavior of managing earnings. Therefore, developing better policy management for sustainable development

Trick or treat? A bibliometric literature review of corporate social responsibility and earnings management

AbstractResearch QuestionThis study seeks to examine and synthesize the extant literature to summarize whether the essence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) genuinely stems from an authentic social commitment, or if it primarily serves as a tactic to obscure earnings management (EM) practices.Research MethodologyA systematic literature review methodology is employed to thoroughly assess 75 articles selected from the Web of Science and Scopus databases, integrating bibliometric techniques, and following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.Research FindingsAmid evolving economic and social landscapes, the research of the CSR‐EM relationship increases, particularly in Asian contexts. Further research found that ESG (environmental, social, and governance) was gradually introduced into the theoretical framework of CSR‐EM. However, most of the research does not study the impact of the three dimensions of ESG, respectively. The study concludes the four varied CSR‐EM relationships: positive, negative, mixed (depending on EM type), and no correlation, and suggests that this should be determined by both macro (e.g., political and economic environment) and micro determinants (e.g., industries and governance). Therefore, the CSR‐EM relationship cannot be simply generalized. At present, most studies study CSR as a whole, and some literature uses CSR disclosure and performance to measure CSR respectively. However, distinctions between CSR disclosure and performance, namely CSR decoupling, remain underexplored.Theoretical and Practical ImplicationsThis review synthesizes four key findings and summarizes seven relevant theories from existing literature, thus enriching the theoretical contributions of CSR‐EM research. It underscores the significance of both macro and micro factors on the CSR‐EM relationship, introduces the concept of CSR decoupling, and outlines directions for future studies. The review offers insights for policymakers on CSR‐EM dynamics and suggests strategies for companies to enhance CSR practices and reporting consistency.

THE EFFECT OF CSR ON EARNINGS MANAGEMENT: MODERATING ROLE OF BOARD DIVERSITY IN PAKISTANI LISTED FIRMS

This study examines Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Earnings Management (EM) relationship with moderating role of board diversity of two types, i.e., female and foreign directorships on board. Content analysis is used for measurement of CSR through a data sample of 274 firms from the non-financial sector listed on Pakistan stock exchange for years 2012, 2014, and 2015. However, EM is measured over three discretionary accruals models Jones, Modified Jones, and Kothari models. Based on the results of descriptive analysis, it has been found that the level of CSR reporting has been improved in the post-CSR guidelines period as compared to the pre-CSR guidelines period. While results of regression analysis report that the higher CSR level of an organization the lesser would be the EM activities. This study suggests managers to concentrate upon CSR and board diversity for better earning management. Impact of board diversity on relationship as a moderator makes this study more novel because, as far as our research and previous literature is concerned, there has been very limited literature on this topic.

SMEs sustainability: The role of human resource management, corporate social responsibility and financial management

Research background: The sustainability of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) represents a significant scientific and professional problem in the current turbulent period because these enterprises play an important role in any country’s economic and social systems. Purpose of the article: This paper aimed to define the significant sustainability factors of small and medium-sized enterprises and to quantify their impact and importance on the sustainability of SMEs. The areas of Human Resource Management, Corporate Social Responsibility, and financial management were defined as significant sustainability factors. Methods: Empirical research, on which the scientific hypotheses were formulated and evaluated, was conducted in June 2022 in V4 countries (Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Poland, and Hungary) using a structured questionnaire. The study accumulated a sample of 1398 respondents. Data collection was conducted through an external agency, MN FORCE, operating in Central European countries. The Computer Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) method was used to record respondents’ perceptions. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and linear regression analysis were used to evaluate the hypotheses. Findings & value added: The research showed that all defined factors in the areas of Human resource management (HRM), Corporate social responsibility (CSR), and financial management of the firm had an impact on defined sustainability attributes. The greatest impact was found on the firm’s financial management, followed by CSR and HRM. The empirical results confirm that the intensity of the independent variables varies across the V4 countries. These results also show that the intensity of the selected HRM, CSR, and financial management factors of a firm is higher in the integrated models than in the models for individual V4 countries. The research results have shown that a range of factors determine the right attitude towards the sustainability of companies. In this context, economic policymakers and entrepreneurs must perceive sustainable growth as complex and apply a systemic approach to its design and implementation.

시각장애인의 TV홈쇼핑 사용 환경에 관한 연구

Due to the importance of corporate social responsibility and sustainable management, ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) management is becoming an essential condition for modern companies. In order to find out how the TV home shopping industry is responding to this social consensus, this study identified the current situation of the TV home shopping experience of the visually impaired. As a research method, this study examined the problems pointed out in previous studies and related media articles on the use of home shopping by the visually impaired, and conducted interviews with officials from seven domestic TV home shopping companies and 10 data home shopping companies to find out how the industry is responding to these problems. Through these interviews, we identified what improvements are needed for TV home shopping platforms that rely on visual elements as the main way to deliver information. Specifically, we found that the use of voice recognition technology, screen reader compatibility, in-broadcast service voice descriptions, expansion of telephone consultation services, and provision of information through alternative text and screen readers should be strengthened. In addition, physical factors such as customized TVs and Relumino assistive devices should be introduced, and real-time communication platforms such as live commerce should be expanded to enhance user engagement. The findings of this study can be utilized as ideas for rethinking the accessibility of TV home shopping experiences for the visually impaired as well as digital services in general.

Nexus between green human resource management practices and corporate social responsibility: does transformational leadership make difference?

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the connection between green human resource management (GHRM) and corporate social responsibility (CSR). In addition, this study also investigates how the impact of GHRM varies depending on the extent of transformational leadership. Design/methodology/approach Adopting a quantitative approach, the sample consists of 376 employees who hold leadership positions in the academic body and those who work in human resources units at universities who won the Web Metric Award. Findings Results have shown that all GHRM practices were found to have a significant and positive effect on CSR. In addition, the findings revealed that transformational leadership positively moderates the relationship between GHRM and CSR. Originality/value The findings of this study contribute to the existing body of knowledge by providing empirical evidence of the positive relationship between GHRM practices, transformational leadership and CSR performance. In addition, the study highlights the moderating influence of transformational leadership on the relationship between GHRM and CSR, suggesting that transformational leadership can increase the efficacy of GHRM practices in promoting CSR outcomes.

Corporate Social Responsibility and Ethical Management in the Indian Education Sector: A Study with Reference to the National Education Policy 2020

The research proposal titled "Corporate Social Responsibility and Ethical Management in the Indian Education Sector: A Study with Reference to the National Education Policy 2020" aims to investigate the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and ethical management practices within the context of the Indian education sector, with a specific focus on the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. The study aims to explore how CSR initiatives align with ethical management principles, and the impact of these practices on educational institutions and stakeholders.

IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM BINA LINGKUNGAN SEBAGAI STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN TANGGUNG JAWAB SOSIAL PERUSAHAAN: TINJAUAN DARI PERSPEKTIF CSR

ABSTRACT
 Corporate as business entities have obligations in social and environmental responsibility or known as CSR. The community development program is the development of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Implementation which is used as the Company's effort in sustainable development based on the 3P principle; namely Profit, People, and Planet. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Community Development Program as a strategy in CSR management and analyze the implementation of CSR arrangements in the strategy of managing corporate responsibility in environmental aspects. The method in this study is normative juridical research. with the approach used, namely the Statutory Approach, Conceptual Approach, Case Approach. The implementation of the Community Development program is a strategic step that can have a long-term positive impact on the company. One important aspect of the Community Development Program is its focus on sustainable development. Companies that involve themselves in this activity not only pay attention to the current environmental aspects, but also aim to leave positive for future generations. By adopting eco-friendly practices and sustainability projects, companies can create a sustainable positive impact in the long run. and the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) arrangements in environmental responsibility management is an important step taken by companies to maintain a balance between business sustainability and social and environmental impacts. CSR regulation in environmental responsibility management is not just about complying with regulations or meeting market expectations. but also, as an effort to create long-term value, build strong relationships with stakeholders, and become agents of positive change in society.
 Keywords : Community Development Program, Corporate, Social and Environmental, Responsibility

The interplay between ethics, justice, corporate social responsibility, and performance management sustainability.

In the increasingly volatile 21st century globalized and interconnected business landscape, organizations face increasing scrutiny concerning their ethical behavior, social responsibilities, and overall performance. This paper looks at some of the factors that link the notions of ethics, justice, and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), with an eye to their theoretical underpinnings and complexities and their relationship to the efficient and sustainable operation of Sustainable Performance Management (with special emphasis on CSR). Drawing on theoretical foundations and empirical evidence, we provide practical recommendations for organizations to promote ethics, justice, CSR, and effective and sustainable performance management. Suggestions include fostering ethical leadership by modeling ethical behavior and promoting ethical decision-making. We believe that the suggested practical measures may bridge the gap between academic perspectives and the practical realities of ensuring favorable, sustainable, work climates and work processes.

Basic principles of corporate social responsibility management under martial law

Corporate social responsibility is an integral element of the modern business model, especially for large companies. Effective management of this process ensures a positive result for both society and the business itself. Therefore, the study aims to substantiate the theoretical foundations of the management process in the context of corporate social responsibility, considering the military conditions in which Ukrainian business operates. To achieve this goal, a systematic approach and methods of analysis, comparison, deduction, comparison, and decomposition were used. The study analyses current approaches to understanding the corporate social responsibility of business. The main vectors in which the corporate social responsibility of enterprises is implemented are allocated. An author’s interpretation of the concept of corporate social responsibility management was formed. The basic principles of implementation of the communication policy for both the internal audience (company employees) and external stakeholders (partners, customers, society, the state) are formed and argued. The features and main directions of implementation of corporate social responsibility initiatives of Ukrainian businesses in the context of war are studied and highlighted. It is established that the priority of corporate social responsibility of companies in Ukraine is to ensure business continuity (allowing to pay salaries and taxes), ensure the safety of personnel (arrangement of bomb shelters, relocation of employees and their families), support for defence capability (various assistance to the Armed Forces of Ukraine) and assistance to territorial communities. The results of the study can be used by the business environment to form a management mechanism for implementing corporate social responsibility initiatives, as well as by the academic community that studies this issue