Anxiety Management Research Articles

The Benefits of Dog-Assisted Therapy for Children With Anxiety

Background Anxiety disorders are one of the most common mental health disorders experienced by children, and they have a negative effect on social, academic, and health functioning. While traditional psychotherapy has focused on methods such as cognitive behavioural therapy and parental anxiety management to treat these children, interest is growing in animal-assisted therapy (AAT) as a therapeutic modality, and recent research suggests the benefits of AAT within the realms of psychotherapy for children with anxiety. Aim This review aimed to perform a critical appraisal of the available literature relating to dog-assisted psychotherapy for children with anxiety and investigate the effectiveness of this therapy method in reducing anxiety. Method This structured literature review was guided by the 12 steps recommended by Kable et al. (2012). The search was conducted in August and September 2021 through the databases ScienceDirect, PsycInfo, and PubMed to locate published peer-reviewed literature on the therapeutic benefits of including a dog in psychotherapy sessions for children with anxiety. After critical appraisal, 10 articles were included in the review. Results General agreement exists that dog-assisted therapy can boost positive emotions and reduce anxiety levels in children, and that interacting with dogs and experiencing their unconditional acceptance help reduce children’s stress and physical pain levels as well as stress in families. The key themes that emerged from this review included the human–animal bond, children’s attachment styles, hospitalisation and environmental considerations, the AAT methods used, and the effects of AAT. Conclusion This review revealed many benefits of the presence of a therapy dog during psychotherapy sessions, including reducing anxiety, increasing positive emotions, and enabling social interactions for children with anxiety. Counsellors and psychotherapists can feel confident to undertake the required training and implement the necessary systems to accommodate a therapy dog in their therapeutic setting in order to support children with anxiety. It is noteworthy that the positive effects of dog-assisted therapy were not consistent throughout the literature, and most research studies focused on children in hospital settings. Therefore, further research is required regarding the effectiveness and clinical implications of the nature, type of intervention, length, and duration of dog-assisted therapy.

Factors affecting students’ attitudes towards reproductive health in the north of Iran: Designing an educational program

BackgroundIt is essential to empower young people to promote reproductive health (RH) and develop effective educational programs to prevent risky behaviors. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting students’ attitudes towards RH based on the ecological model and then design an educational program.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on 461 female students aged 18–29 in the north of Iran. This study was done in two stages. In the first stage, factors affecting the attitude towards RH including demographic questionnaire, interpersonal communication skills, family communication pattern, depression, stress and anxiety, body self-image, and self-confidence were determined. In the second stage, an educational program was designed based on the most effective factors. Independent t-test, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression were employed using SPSS version 20 software. Also, STATA version 15 software was utilized for statistical modeling to predict the best predictive model of attitude towards RH.Results47.7% of students had a good attitude toward RH. The majority of students had problems with interpersonal communication skills (60.7%). Also, 28.5% experienced depression, 35.8% anxiety, and 12.8% stress at different levels. More than a quarter of the students (26.5%) had poor body self-image and 18.7% had Undesirable self-esteem. Interpersonal skills (P = 0.002), family communication pattern (P = 0.004), stress (p = 0.019), anxiety (P = 0.001), and body self-image (P = 0.034) have a significant relationship with the attitude towards RH. The multiple regression showed that the most important effective factor on RH is the dialogue orientation of family communication pattern (P = 0.041), stress (P = 0.002), and anxiety (P = 0.001).ConclusionStress and anxiety management training and the use of dialogue orientation in the family communication pattern for young female students are recommended based on the scientific model.

Staff- and service-level factors associated with organisational readiness to implement a clinical pathway for the identification, assessment, and management of anxiety and depression in adults with cancer

BackgroundOrganisational readiness is recognised as a key factor impacting the successful translation of research findings into practice. Within psycho-oncology, measuring organisational readiness and understanding factors impacting organisational readiness is crucial as it is often challenging to implement evidence-based findings into routine cancer care. In this quantitative study, we examined the level of organisational readiness of cancer services preparing to implement a clinical pathway for the screening, assessment, and management of anxiety and depression in adult cancer patients (the ADAPT CP) within a cluster randomised controlled trial and sought to identify staff- and service-level factors associated with organisational readiness.MethodsMultidisciplinary staff across 12 Australian cancer services were identified. Their perceptions of their services’ readiness to implement the ADAPT CP in the cancer stream or treatment modality selected within their service was assessed prior to implementation using the Organizational Readiness for Implementing Change scale. Data collection included staff demographic and professional characteristics, and their perception of the ADAPT CP using a set of 13 study-specific survey items. Service characteristics were captured using a site profile audit form and workflows during site engagement.ResultsFourteen staff- and service-level factors were identified as potentially impacting organisational readiness. To identify factors that best explained organisational readiness, separate univariate analyses were conducted for each factor, followed by a backward elimination regression. Compared to services that implemented the ADAPT CP in one treatment modality, those opting for four treatment modalities had significantly higher organisational readiness scores. Staff in administrative/technical support/non-clinical roles had significantly higher organisational readiness scores compared to psychosocial staff. Higher organisational readiness scores were also significantly related to more positive perceptions of the ADAPT CP.ConclusionsReadiness to implement an anxiety and depression clinical pathway within 12 oncology services was high. This may be attributed to the extensive engagement with services prior to implementation. The factors associated with organisational readiness highlight the importance of ensuring adequate resourcing and supporting staff to implement change, effectively communicating the value of the change, and taking a whole-of-service approach to implementing the change. Future longitudinal studies may identify factors associated with ongoing readiness and engagement prior to implementation.Trial registrationThe ADAPT RCT was registered prospectively with the ANZCTR on 22/03/2017. Trial ID ACTRN12617000411347. https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=372486&isReview=true.

The Every Mind Matters campaign: changes in mental health literacy and its associations with campaign awareness.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects on population level mental health literacy (MHL) of Every Mind Matters over 30 months following campaign launch. To observe changes in MHL over time, we conducted regression analyses on a nationally representative, repeated cross-sectional dataset of nine survey waves from September 2019 to March 2022 and an individual participant data meta-analysis with data from October 2019 to March 2021 to examine the association between campaign awareness and the outcomes. There were small improvements in knowledge of management of stress, depression and anxiety, mental health vigilance, sleep literacy and psychological wellbeing self-efficacy from September 2019 to March 2020 and a deterioration in most MHL outcomes from March 2020 compared with September 2019. Campaign awareness was positively associated with symptom management of depression and anxiety, help seeking self-efficacy, stigma related to mental disorders and mental health vigilance. There is little evidence that the campaign improved MHL in the general population beyond March 2020. Those who were aware of the campaign may have benefitted from its resources.

Computer-based and online rehabilitation therapy for depression and anxiety management: A case study of Jordanian parents of children with special needs

Purpose: The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of computer-based and online rehabilitation therapy in managing depression and anxiety among Jordanian parents of children with special needs as well as explore the underlying psychodynamic mechanisms involved in the therapeutic process.
 Design/Methodology/Approach: The sample size consisted of 337 participants who were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (receiving computer-based and online rehabilitation therapy) or the control group (receiving traditional therapy). Data were collected through self-reported questionnaires assessing depression and anxiety levels as well as psychodynamic variables such as defense mechanisms and attachment styles.
 Findings: The relationship between the variables was examined by Partial least squares (PLS) analysis. Results indicated that computer-based and online rehabilitation therapy was effective in reducing levels of depression and anxiety among Jordanian parents of children with special needs to facilitate changes in defense mechanisms and attachment styles indicating the involvement of psychodynamic processes in the therapeutic process.
 Conclusion: The findings suggest that computer-based and online rehabilitation therapy may be a valuable resource for managing depression and anxiety in Jordanian parents of children with special needs and provide insight into the underlying mechanisms involved in psychodynamic therapy.
 Research Implications: The field of psychological counselling is being advanced by the current research which has several theoretical and practical implications. This study is significant because it provides key policy insights on how to enhance attractiveness. Research efforts when developing programs need to be in line with technical advancements.

Consensus Panel Recommendations for the Pharmacological Management of Pregnant Women with Depressive Disorders.

The initiative of a consensus on the topic of antidepressant and anxiolytic drug use in pregnancy is developing in an area of clinical uncertainty. Although many studies have been published in recent years, there is still a paucity of authoritative evidence-based indications useful for guiding the prescription of these drugs during pregnancy, and the data from the literature are complex and require expert judgment to draw clear conclusions. For the elaboration of the consensus, we have involved the scientific societies of the sector, namely, the Italian Society of Toxicology, the Italian Society of Neuropsychopharmacology, the Italian Society of Psychiatry, the Italian Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Italian Society of Drug Addiction and the Italian Society of Addiction Pathology. An interdisciplinary team of experts from different medical specialties (toxicologists, pharmacologists, psychiatrists, gynecologists, neonatologists) was first established to identify the needs underlying the consensus. The team, in its definitive structure, includes all the representatives of the aforementioned scientific societies; the task of the team was the evaluation of the most accredited international literature as well as using the methodology of the "Nominal Group Technique" with the help of a systematic review of the literature and with various discussion meetings, to arrive at the drafting and final approval of the document. The following five areas of investigation were identified: (1) The importance of management of anxiety and depressive disorders in pregnancy, identifying the risks associated with untreated maternal depression in pregnancy. (2) The assessment of the overall risk of malformations with the antidepressant and anxiolytic drugs used in pregnancy. (3) The evaluation of neonatal adaptation disorders in the offspring of pregnant antidepressant/anxiolytic-treated women. (4) The long-term outcome of infants' cognitive development or behavior after in utero exposure to antidepressant/anxiolytic medicines. (5) The evaluation of pharmacological treatment of opioid-abusing pregnant women with depressive disorders. Considering the state of the art, it is therefore necessary in the first instance to frame the issue of pharmacological choices in pregnant women who need treatment with antidepressant and anxiolytic drugs on the basis of data currently available in the literature. Particular attention must be paid to the evaluation of the risk/benefit ratio, understood both in terms of therapeutic benefit with respect to the potential risks of the treatment on the pregnancy and on the fetal outcome, and of the comparative risk between the treatment and the absence of treatment; in the choice prescription, the specialist needs to be aware of both the potential risks of pharmacological treatment and the equally important risks of an untreated or undertreated disorder.

The relationship between anxiety and irritable bowel syndrome symptoms among females: A cross-sectional study in Egypt.

There is a scarcity of studies focusing on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and anxiety in Egypt. Accordingly, our study aimed to assess the association between anxiety and IBS symptomatology among Egyptian females. Three hundred eighty-three females (145 IBS and 238 controls) were included in the study, and data were obtained using structured predesigned questionnaires. IBS and anxiety symptoms were assessed according to the Rome IV criteria and the Arabic version of the beck anxiety inventory, respectively. Both IBS and non-IBS groups showed increased anxiety during the pandemic, without a significant difference between both groups (P value = .657). Higher levels of education were significantly associated with severe anxiety (P value = .031). Multivariate analysis of IBS patients showed that intermediate education was significantly associated with 75% lower odds for increased IBS symptoms compared with illiterate or read-and-write IBS patients [odds ratio (OR): 0.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.06-0.95, P value = .042]. Urban residence was significantly associated with 13.5 times greater odds of increased IBS symptoms, compared with rural residence (OR: 13.48, 95% CI 3.55-51.25, P value < .001). Moreover, patients who lost their job during the pandemic were 12.9 times more likely to have increased symptoms (OR: 12.89, 95% CI 1.84-90.15, P value = 0.01). A unit increase in patients age and beck anxiety inventory score was associated with 68% and 75% greater odds for increased IBS symptoms, respectively (OR: 1.68, 95% CI 1.12-2.53, P value = .012; OR: 1.75, 95% CI 1.08-2.84, P value = .024). Increasing anxiety is associated with increased IBS symptoms. Therefore, IBS patients should be screened for anxiety, and the role of psychiatric management of anxiety in the amelioration of IBS symptoms must be explored.

Anxiety management in Australian general practice: an analysis of encounters from 2006 – 2016

BackgroundAnxiety disorders are highly prevalent mental health conditions managed predominantly by general practitioners (GPs). This study aimed to examine the management of anxiety by Australian GPs since the introduction of the Better Access to Psychiatrists, Psychologists and General Practitioners initiative in 2006.MethodsWe conducted secondary analysis of Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health data on GP encounters for anxiety from 2006 to 2016 (N = 28,784). We calculated point estimates and used multivariate logistic regression to explore the effect of GP and patient characteristics on rates and types of management.ResultsThe management rate of anxiety increased from 2.3% of GP encounters in 2006 to 3.2% in 2016. Over the 10-year period, increases were seen in referrals to psychologists (AOR = 1.09, 95%CI = 1.07–1.11, p < .0001) and selective serotonin / serotonin-noradrenalin reuptake inhibitors (AOR = 1.05, 95%CI = 1.03–1.06, p < .0001), and benzodiazepines decreased (AOR = 0.94, 95%CI = 0.92–0.95, p < .0001). Systematic differences in management were found for patient and GP characteristics, including high rates of benzodiazepines in certain groups.ConclusionsAnxiety is accounting for more of the GP workload, year on year. GP management of anxiety has become more closely aligned with practice guidelines since 2006. However, high rates of benzodiazepine prescribing in certain groups remains a concern. Further research is needed into GP treatment decision making for anxiety.

Efektivitas Aromaterapi terhadap Kualitas Tidur dan Kecemasan

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of aromatherapy on sleep quality and anxiety in elderly adult population patients. The method used is a systematic review related to the management of sleep disorders and anxiety with aromatherapy. The results showed that aromatherapy given by inhalation and massage methods with lavender, rosa damascene, chamomile and neroli essential oils for at least three nights and a maximum of thirty days was considered to have an effect on sleep quality and anxiety. Conclusion, aromatherapy is effective in improving sleep quality and reducing anxiety. &#x0D; Keywords: Anxiety, Aromatherapy, Sleep Quality

Anxiety and Depression Among US Nursing Home Residents with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is highly prevalent among nursing home residents; however, few studies have focused on the psychological impact of this clinically significant condition on nursing home residents. We examine the prevalence of, and factors associated with, anxiety and depression in nursing home residents with COPD. Using the US 2018 Minimum Dataset (MDS), we conducted a cross-sectional study among 239,615 residents aged ≥50 years old in US Medicare/Medicaid certified nursing homes with COPD. Anxiety and depression were diagnosed based on clinical diagnoses, physical examination findings, and treatment orders. Multivariable adjusted Poisson models with a generalized estimating equations approach account for the clustering among residents within nursing homes. The average age of the study population was 79 years (SD: 10.6), 62.0% were women, and 43.7% had five or more comorbid conditions. In this population, 37.2% had anxiety, 57.6% had depression, and 27.5% had both mental health conditions. Women, current tobacco users, persons 50-64 years old, those who reported having moderate or severe pain, and nursing home residents with multimorbidity were more likely to have anxiety or depression than respective comparison groups. Anxiety and depression are common among US nursing home residents with COPD. Women, medically complex patients, and those who report having moderate-to-severe pain appear to be more likely to have anxiety and depression. Clinical teams should be aware of these findings when managing nursing home residents with COPD and use various nonpharmacological and medical interventions for the effective management of anxiety and depression. Longitudinal studies evaluating how anxiety and depression affect the management of COPD and related outcomes, and how best to improve the quality of life of nursing home residents with COPD, are warranted.

Bibliometric Analysis Commind Relax Support on Anxiety Among Pre Operative Patients

Background: Intervention in the management of anxiety is an approach that is currently being developed by researchers in various countries. This research needs the latest information and trends for future research topics related to cognitive behavior therapy interventions, mindfulness, relax, and support for anxiety in preoperative patients.&#x0D; Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the mapping of network visualization, overlay visualization, and density visualization using the VOSviewer application on the topic of the influence of cognitive behavior therapy, mindfulness, relax, and support (commind relax support) on the anxiety of preoperative patients.&#x0D; Methods: Data analysis used bibliometrics in this study. Search data using the web via http://app.dimensions.ai. Journals or data are limited from 2017-2023, which focus on the fields of health sciences, nursing, clinical sciences, public health, and types of publications are articles. The data is analyzed to become a bibliometric map using VOSviewer.&#x0D; Results: The results of data identification through dimensions.ai contained 24,099 data recorded, by sorting based on the type of article and type of document the results found were 645 articles. The peak of publications on cognitive behavior therapy, mindfulness, relax, and support for preoperative anxiety occurred in 2020 and the lowest was in 2023. Research on cognitive behavior therapy, mindfulness, relax, and support for preoperative anxiety is not only carried out in the health sector , medicine, nursing, and psychology but are found in other fields as well.&#x0D; Conclusion: The topic of preoperative anxiety management interventions is a topic that needs to be further developed in various countries, especially in developing countries. Suggestions for other researchers, choose a topic that is included in low visualization to find research updates.

Rehabilitation nurses’ knowledge, experiences, and perceptions of the provision of psychological care for patients post stroke in Ireland: A cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Early assessment and management of depression and anxiety for patients after stroke is critical. However, suboptimal provision of psychological care is widely reported. Nurses are the largest professional group to care for patients post stroke and have an important role in addressing their emotional wellbeing. Aim: The aim of this paper is to examine nurse’s knowledge, experiences, and perceptions of the provision of psychological care to patients post stroke in Ireland. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey design involving both quantitative and qualitative items was administered to a convenience sample of seventy-four (n=74) nurses working in six Irish community hospital rehabilitation units. Results: Findings demonstrate suboptimal psychological care provision for patients post stroke with no formal pre-defined care pathways. Despite nurse’s knowledge of psychological problems and symptomology, participants revealed receiving limited training in psychological monitoring and no systemic allocation of psychological care duties. This research suggests that pre-defined/formal care pathways; access to psychology expertise; further training and support for members of the Multi-Disciplinary-Team has the potential to improve the provision of psychological care for patients post stroke. Conclusions: This study has implications for the reform and development of rehabilitation services in relation to practice, education, and research. It identifies opportunities to support nurses to improve the delivery of psychological care for patients post stroke.

Self-Empowerment of Pregnant Women to Maintain Wellness During Pregnancy

Women naturally experience pregnancy as part of the growth process. To prepare for pregnancy and the development of the fetus, pregnant women go through physical and psychological changes. Pregnant women often complain of discomfort during their pregnancies, with symptoms including back pain, abdominal pain, a developing physique, and prenatal anxiety. According to the findings of interviews with several expectant mothers in Kebondalem Lor Village, they were concerned about the state of their pregnancies and back pain. and have never engaged in prenatal exercise and are still unsure what to do. The community service team offers pregnant women self-empowerment as a solution to this issue. On May 6 and May 24, 2023, two meeting sessions with offline sessions were used to carry out community service activities. Prenatal yoga, prenatal nutrition, and anxiety management for pregnant women were the topics covered at the second meeting, while the first activity focused on changes in physiological and psychological adaptation to pregnancy, independent monitoring of fetal well-being, physical activity for pregnant women, and prenatal yoga. According to the results, pregnant women's average knowledge increased both before and after the activity. Participants in the activities expressed great satisfaction with the way things were done, how information was contributed, and how perceived complaints were decreased

Evaluating the Impact of the Prime Time Sister Circles® Intervention on Reducing Depressive Symptoms Among African American Women with Uncontrolled Hypertension.

The Prime Time Sister Circles®, a randomized controlled trial (PTSC-RCT), assessed the impact of a community-based peer support program on hypertension management among African American women 40-75years of age. While the PTSC-RCT was designed to evaluate changes in blood pressure control, subsequent sub-analyses revealed a high proportion of self-reported depressive symptoms in our sample. Accordingly, we conducted an ancillary investigation of the PTSC intervention on depression to ascertain its impact on reduced depressive symptoms in the study population. Depressive symptoms were measured using an adapted version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised (CES-D-10). We used unadjusted and adjusted fixed effect models. Data for this study came from the PTSC-RCT. We collected data between 2017 and 2018 in Washington, DC. We used a balanced analytical sample of 172 African American, English-speaking women between 40 to 75years old with uncontrolled hypertension. The intervention group participated in a 2-h, peer-based support group once a week for 13weeks. A trained PTSC facilitator facilitated sessions with experts who delivered content on various topics, including psychosocial wellness (e.g., stress, depressive symptoms, anxiety management, and self-esteem), physical health (e.g., hypertension, inflammation, and heart disease), physical activity, and healthy nutrition. Results from the fixed-effects models indicated that participants in the PTSC program exhibited a greater reduction in CES-D-10 score at three months (Coeff: -1.99, 95% CI: -3.49, -0.49) and at 15months (Coeff: -2.38, 95% CI: -3.94, -0.83), as compared to those in the control group. Evidence suggests that the Prime Time Sister Circles® intervention reduced depressive symptoms among African American women with low socioeconomic status and hypertension. NCT04371614.

Climate anxiety, coping strategies and planning for the future in environmental degree students in the UK.

There is increasing recognition of the mental health burden of climate change and the effects on general well-being, even in those who have not (yet) experienced direct impacts. Climate anxiety, which is prominent among young people in particular, describes a state of heightened distress about the (future) effects of climate change. Despite evidence of a link between engagement in climate change issues and heightened climate anxiety, there is a dearth of knowledge on how this affects emerging professionals preparing for careers in the environmental sector. Furthermore, there is a paucity of literature regarding the extent to which young adults are coping with their thoughts and feelings about climate change, and the extent to which they consider climate change in making future plans. The aim of this study was to understand the occurrence and personal management of climate anxiety in UK university students through an online questionnaire. This study was the first to investigate the association between climate anxiety, coping strategies and future planning in university students. Environmental degree students (n = 249) reported greater levels of climate anxiety, more frequent employment of all three examined coping strategies and in particular considered climate change as a factor in their career plans, as compared to their non-environmental degree counterparts (n = 224). Problem-focused coping was the most commonly endorsed strategy, although the prior literature on coping suggests that this may not be sustainable for individually intractable problems. Highly climate-anxious students were more likely to consider climate change in all five decision-making domains, including family planning, long-term habitation, career, financial and travel decisions. This study has identified a need to communicate effective climate anxiety coping strategies to environmental practitioners, university students and educators. Additional research is required to validate the study findings and investigate what motivates students to incorporate climate change into future plans.

Leadership Coaching in Surgical Residency: Reasons for Referral and Topics Addressed to Improve Nontechnical Skill

Professional coaching has been utilized in the military and private sector with a long track record of optimizing efficiency, improving high-functioning team performance, and creating greater satisfaction among the workforce. Recent studies in physician populations have suggested that coaching may protect healthcare providers from burnout and improve quality of life and resilience. The aims of the current study were to describe our single-institution experience with the introduction of a leadership coaching program among surgical residents and to characterize the nature of the common reasons for referral for coaching. Upon identification by program faculty that a resident would benefit from coaching, an email was sent from the program director to the coach to establish contact between the coach and resident, with a brief synopsis of the factors that lead to the resident being referred for coaching. The study team obtained deidentified, simplified synopses of the initial email correspondences from program leadership reaching out to residents to refer them to coaching. Common recurring themes were quantified. Later, coaches reviewed their notes kept during coaching sessions and, in a similar fashion, identified topics discussed and skills developed in coaching sessions for each resident. Topics were summarized for each resident, and a deidentified list of residents and the themes reviewed in coaching were provided to the study team, who quantified these topics. Baseline demographic information on the resident cohort, including training level, gender, and number of repeat referrals were summarized to delineate differences in patterns of repeat referral and attrition. This study was conducted within the general surgery residency program at a single academic medical center, composed of 43 categorical and 8 preliminary residents. Over a 2.5-year period, 21 residents were referred: 5 chief, 8 senior, 5 midlevel, and 3 junior (1 preliminary) residents. Male residents represented 2/3 and female residents 1/3 of the total number of referrals. There were 3 repeat referrals, 2 male and 1 female. We identified 2 overarching reasons for which residents were referred for coaching: request for structured leadership training and request for communication training. Six themes were identified upon review of referrals for coaching. Among these were the need for improved communication, methods to improve team integration, tools to balance professional and personal responsibilities, and practices to improve confidence and assertiveness. Through the coaching relationship, residents reviewed deficits and received an individualized plan to address newly identified problem areas. Upon initiation of coaching, new themes like anxiety management, emotional intelligence, and cultural acclimatization were identified. During each coaching session, residents participate in exercises designed to build habits of effective listening, communication, and conflict resolution. Coaching in surgical residency provides a structured program for residents to develop skills in planning and orchestrating team operations, listening and communicating effectively, mitigating conflict, and managing professional and personal responsibilities. Follow-up studies will focus on the long-term effects of professional coaching, evaluating survey data from self-assessments and professional evaluations.

Anesthetic Efficacy of Endo-Ice and Intrapulpal Ice Sticks After Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis: A Randomized Controlled Study.

There is a dearth of studies to assess the effectiveness of cryotherapy as a possible adjuvant in anesthesia. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the impact of pretreatment intraoral ice packs, application of Endo-ice, and a combination of Endo-ice and intrapulpal ice sticks use on the effectiveness of pulpal anesthesia as an adjunct in the management of pain and dental anxiety in mandibular second molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP) against traditional inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) technique. The randomized controlled double-blind clinical study comprised of 200 subjects within the age group of 20-45 years with SIP involving mandibular second molars and divided into four groups of 50 each. Conventional IANB was administered in group 1. Intraoral compact ice packs, Endo-ice, and combined use of Endo-ice and intrapulpal ice sticks were employed following conventional IANB in groups 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The intensity of pain and anxiety before and after the intervention was documented using Heft-Parker visual analog scale (HP-VAS) and Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale-Revised (DAS-R). The average age of the overall study sample was 30.8±2.08 years, and the differences in age and gender distribution were found to be statistically insignificant. The mean HP-VAS scores on access opening and pulpectomy, using ANOVA paired with Tukey's post hoc multiple comparison tests were evaluated to be statistically highly significant (p<0.001). The greatest reduction in HP-VAS score was observed in group 4 receiving combined use of both Endo-ice and intrapulpal ice sticks. While the pretreatment DAS-R score was determined to be statistically insignificant between groups, group 1 subjects had the highest DAS-R score postoperatively (p<0.001). The effectiveness of pulpal anesthesia was found to be 84%, 96%, 92%, and 98% for groups 1 through 4, respectively, and demonstrated a statistically significant difference. The combined use of Endo-ice and intrapulpal ice sticks used as an adjuvant to local anesthesia (LA) was found to be significantly effective in lowering pain compared to the control groups in molars with SIP. Cold administration before and during the procedure was more effective than conventional LA in lowering intraoperative anxiety. Furthermore, the use of Endo-ice and intrapulpal cold after IANB significantly improves the effectiveness of pulpal anesthesia in mandibular second molars with SIP.

ANXIETY EFFECT ON STUDENTS AND PERFORMANCE IN BIOLOGY: A CASE STUDY AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN SOKOTO CITY, NIGERIA

The Sokoto state needs biology-based students for the making of many useful professionals that works in a diverse array of human lives. However, there is a report showing poor performance in the subject. Anxiety is an issue that may affect education; thus, this work aimed to assess the issue of anxiety among students of biology in secondary school, the related causes, and control. The study design applied was a survey (questionnaire) among 400 students in Sokoto and the data was managed using descriptive statistics. Sources revealed include: How often do you hear from your family while on campus had the greatest percentage with 40.0%, then by Lack taking in a well-balanced diet with 30.0 %, How often have you been following your time table had 20.0%, followed by Distractions or disturbances from a roommate on campus (7.5%), and the least was How often have you been angered because of things that were beyond your control on campus with 2.5%. The effects of anxiety on academics include: Anxiety distracting from the lesson (40.0%), and reduces morale in academics (30.0%). Anxiety prevents students from finishing their assignments (20.0%), and elicits absenteeism (10.0%). Anxiety management includes: Major ploy is enough time and participating in extracurricular activities. Guidance and counselling/discussions with friends are helpful. Thus, academic anxiety can be tamed for better learning. Education on anxiety, enough rest, staying focused, and exercise are needed to enhance students’ academic performance.

Management of Anxiety and Depression in Adult Survivors of Cancer: ASCO Guideline Update Q&A.

Management of Anxiety and Depression in Adult Survivors of Cancer: ASCO Guideline Update Q&A.

Psychological interventions for pain and anxiety management during bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

Cancer is the second cause of death in the world and the fourth in Mexico, among its types are onco-hematological diseases. Having cancer will have several repercussions on people suffering from it, including having to undergo very painful medical-invasive procedures, such as aspiration and bone marrow biopsy, a gold standard for the diagnosis of these pathologies. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy anxiety is common, which increases pain and makes it a traumatic experience. Pharmacological strategies have not been entirely effective when it comes to pain management, so other solutions such as psychological interventions have been sought (psychoeducation, mindfulness and distraction techniques such as music therapy, self-directions, breathing techniques and relaxation use of virtual reality and mobile applications). Psychological interventions have been shown to be effective in managing pain and anxiety, however, for patients to have access to them, it is necessary to include the psychologist as part of the multidisciplinary team during the performance of these procedures.