Management Of Anaemia In Pregnancy Research Articles

Anemia in Pregnancy: Urban-Rural Comparison of Management and Prevention Among Women of Child-Bearing Age in Anambra State, Nigeria.

We explored management and prevention practices concerning anemia in pregnancy (AIP) in Anambra State, Nigeria from a cross-sectional survey of 600 women of child-bearing age through a multistage random selection process. The objective is to identify factors that influence recognition and management of AIP. A knowledge index of 45 points was developed with the mean score of 5.9 points (5.9 ± 6.1 SD). Furthermore, 49.3% of the respondents had good knowledge. The urban respondents had good knowledge (66.7%) compared with their rural counterparts (32%). There were misconceptions on the causes, management, and prevention of AIP during pregnancy. Multiple regression analyses revealed that variables such as religious affiliation, education, and residence influenced the knowledge about AIP. A unit increase in the educational level of the women will bring about 0.644 units of increase in the knowledge of AIP ( p = .003). A unit change from urban to rural locality would lead to 1.536 units increase in correct practices to prevent AIP ( p < .001). A unit change to being married would lead to 0.936 unit increase in correct practices to prevent AIP ( p = .025). Knowledge about the management and prevention of AIP was poor. Anemia-related education to improve knowledge and practice should be provided during antenatal care. Living in an urban community was associated with the odds ratio of 4.3 (95% CI [3.07, 6.07]) and 7.42 (95% CI [2.0, 27.6]) for knowledge and prevention of AIP, respectively.

Prevalence of anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in rural field practice area of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India

Background: Anaemia in pregnancy accounts for one fifth of maternal deaths worldwide and is a major factor responsible for low birth weight. In India, 16% of maternal deaths are attributed to anaemia. Prevalence of anaemia is higher among pregnant women and it persists in India despite of the availability of effective, low-cost interventions for prevention and treatment. The objective was to study the prevalence of anaemia among rural pregnant women and also to study various socio-demographic factors associated with anaemia in pregnancy.Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out between February to July 2016 amongst 400 pregnant women residing in PHC Handignur were interviewed using pre-tested pre-designed questionnaire. Hb percentage was estimated by using Sahli’s method.Results: Total of 291 pregnant women were found out to have Hb levels less than 11 gm%. 9 pregnant women were found to have severe anaemia, 149 had moderate anaemia, 133 had mild anaemia. Factors such as literacy status, open air defecation were found to be significantly associated with the prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy.Conclusions:Prevalence of anaemia among the pregnant women was found to be 72.75%. Early detection and effective management of anaemia in pregnancy can contribute substantially to reduction in maternal mortality.

Anaemia is typical of pregnancies: capturing community perception and management of anaemia in pregnancy in Anambra State, Nigeria.

BackgroundAnaemia during pregnancy continues to constitute significant challenge to maternal health in Nigeria and contributes substantially to the worsening maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in Nigeria despite a global reduction in MMR in response to effort to improve safe motherhood. The incidence of anaemia during pregnancy is still high (>40 %) in Nigeria, and attitudes and management practices are yet unclear as the peoples’ understanding of the phenomenon remains unclear. This study explored the perceptions/attitudes on anaemia during pregnancy and practices to prevent and/or manage it in Anambra State.MethodsIn-depth interview and focus group discussion data were collected from health workers and mothers who delivered within 6 months preceding the study and from mothers and husbands of women who delivered within 6 months preceding the study, respectively.ResultsThe people expressed some knowledge of anaemia, being common in pregnancies. However, some expressed the view that anaemia being a typical sign of pregnancy cannot be prevented. Some mothers expressed desire for focused antenatal care services to control anaemia but lamented the attitude of the health workers, who make access to these interventions difficult.ConclusionsControl of anaemia in pregnancy should start with providing health education to pregnant women and their partners, who reinforce what the women are told during antenatal care, and with training health workers for friendlier attitudes to clients.

Utilization of antenatal care services and correlates of anaemia among pregnant women attending a tertiary care hospital in Assam, India

Background: Anaemia is one of the most commonly encountered medical disorders during pregnancy. As per NFHS-3 Assam 72% pregnant women are anaemic. Besides many adverse effects on mother and foetus, anaemia contributes significantly high maternal mortality. Early Antenatal booking and regular follow-up provides opportunities for delivering timely and essential interventions to the pregnant women. This study aims to explore the socio-demographic factors influencing the pattern of antenatal care services utilization and also to estimate the burden of anaemia in Assam. Methods: A cross-sectional hospital based study was carried out for three months, from November 2011 to February 2012 in Jorhat Medical College Hospital using a predesigned, pretested proforma. A total of 1845 women admitted in the postnatal ward were studied. Results: Only 9.51% were illiterate, 64.89% were primigravidae, 70.09% had no previous living issues. All were registered for ANC, of whom 57.62% were registered in the first trimester; 57.98% had adequate ANC; 65.97% received full course of IFA tablets. Adequate ANCs were availed in the younger age groups, the primigravidae and up to two living children. A total of 61.69% pregnant women were found to be anaemic; 46.80% mildly, 12.85% moderately and 2.03% severely anaemic. Most participants in 20-25 years age group (63.7%) and lower socio-economic class (62.63%) were found to be anaemic. Participants who registered for ANC after 12th week (83.4%), attended inadequate number of ANCs (70.06%), and failed to take IFA tablets (60%) were found anaemic. Conclusions: A total of 61.69% pregnant women were found to be anaemic. Early detection and effective management of anaemia in pregnancy can contribute substantially to reduction in maternal mortality.

Anaemia in Pregnancy: Prevalence and Possible Risk Factors in Kakamega County, Kenya

Anaemia in expectant women is a serious world-wide public health problem with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Haematological parameters indicative of pregnancy anaemia need to be investigated to provide basis for prompt management of anaemia in pregnancy. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of anaemia in pregnant mothers of various age groups and at different gestation periods visiting antenatal clinic at a county level 5 hospital. The ages of recruited participants ranged from 16 to 40 years with a mean age of 26.8 ± 4.3 years. A total of 320 blood samples were collected during the first and subsequent visits to antenatal clinic from January to December 2013. The age, marital, socio-economic status, highest level of education, stages of each pregnancy of each participant were recorded. Haemoglobin estimation was done using a HemoCue® B-Hemoglobin system and positive anaemia cases were classified as mild, moderate, severe and very severe based on the world health organization criteria. The haemoglobin concentrations ranged from 6.5 g/dl – 15.5 g/dl with a mean of 10.2 ± 1.3g/dl. Data was analysed using the Chi-square test and Odds ratio. Out of all blood samples analyzed, 128 (40%) were anaemic of which 62.5% (n=80) were mildly anaemic cases whereas 37.5% (n=48) were moderately anaemic and no severe anaemic cases were detected. Anaemia was more prevalent (33.3% -60%) in second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Study results confirm that socio-economic deprivation and lack of basic education are important factors that predispose pregnant women to anaemia. Anaemia levels reported are low but persistent and present a potentially serious public health problem to the mother, foetal growth and delivery outcome and therefore require serious attention. It is recommended that the county government initiates free iron supplementation and enlist services of extension nutritionists in an integrated programme for the prevention and management of pregnancy related anaemia.

Impact of recent changes in protocol on the management of anaemia in pregnancy in NHS Tayside: a retrospective audit

BackgroundAnaemia is the most common medical condition in pregnancy. To tackle the problem of anaemia and reduce the rate of blood transfusion in NHS Tayside, the following key changes were...

Prevalence of maternal anaemia and its predictors: a multi-centre study

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence, predictors, and management of anaemia in pregnancy. Study designA multi centre study across 11 maternity units in the UK. Data were collected over a two week study period in 2008 on maternal history, haemoglobin (Hb) and ferritin concentrations, iron therapy during pregnancy and in the postpartum period. Logistic regression models were used to explore factors associated with anaemia during pregnancy. Main outcomes included anaemia, defined as Hb<11g/dl at booking, Hb<10.5g/dl in subsequent antenatal visits, and Hb<10g/dl postnatally. ResultsCompleted data were received on 2103 of 2155 women (97% completion rate). Of these, 24.4% (502) (95% CI 22.5–26.2%) were anaemic at some stage during the antenatal period. Predictors for having anaemia by 32 weeks gestation included young maternal age (odds ratio 1.96, 95% CI 1.38–2.79), non-white ethnic origin (odds ratios varied 1.37–2.89 depending on ethnic origin) and increasing parity (odds ratio 1.24, 95% CI 1.08–1.41). Of women who had postnatal Hb levels checked, 30% (309/1031) were anaemic and, depending on centre, 16% to 86% of these received iron therapy. ConclusionAnaemia was reported in nearly one in four women in the antenatal period, and nearly one in three of the women who had a postpartum Hb checked. Despite national guidelines, there was considerable variation in administration of iron including low utilisation of parenteral iron therapy. Future research needs to focus on the consequences of iron deficiency anaemia for maternal and infant health outcomes and effectiveness of implementation strategies to reduce anaemia.

Diagnostik und Therapie der Eisenmangelanämie in Schwangerschaft und Wochenbett – eine Befragung geburtshilflicher Kliniken in der Schweiz

PURPOSE: Iron-deficiency anaemia is one of the main causes of increased fetomaternal morbidity and mortality. Our aim was to assess the diagnostic and therapeutic routines for iron-deficiency anaemia in obstetrics in Switzerland. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was done using a highly standardized questionnaire to survey 64 obstetric hospitals in Switzerland. RESULTS: The response rate was ∼ 90 %. The survey revealed a high variation (5–30 %) in the estimates of the prevalence of this disorder. To initiate oral or intravenous iron substitution, the physicians use various cut-off values, resulting in both under- and over-supply. About half of the physicians reported a successful therapy for more than 70 % of their patients, 20 % even reported a success rate of more than 90 % after therapy. However, about 10 % of the physicians reported a success rate of less than 50 % after therapy. Most hospitals (84 %) use internal guidelines for the diagnosis and therapy of iron-deficiency anaemia. Nevertheless, most physicians (88 %) would support the development and implementation of an evidence-based national guideline. CONCLUSIONS: We present a first nationwide survey of the diagnosis and treatment of iron-deficiency anaemia in pregnancy and puerperium in a European country. The results reveal a high variation in the various diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and underline the need to develop a uniform standard for the management of anaemia in pregnancy. Almost all Swiss obstetricians also expressed a keen interest in such a standard. In 2007, such a uniform standard was established by an Expertenbrief of the Schweizer Gesellschaft fur Gynakologie und Geburtshilfe entitled “Diagnostik und Therapie der Eisenmangelanamie in der Schwangerschaft und postpartal”.

Re-audit of management of anaemia in pregnancy

BackgroundMaternal anaemia is still a cause of considerable perinatal mortality and morbidity. Prevalence worldwide varies between 23% and 52%. Screening and treatment for anaemia is recommended during pregnancy. A pilot...

I301 Prevention and management of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy

I301 Prevention and management of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy

A study to determine the prevalence of anemia among registered antenatal mothers in MMIMs &amp; R antenatal OPD with a view to develop and evaluate a planned health education programme on prevention and management of anemia in pregnancy in terms of knowledge and practice of antenatal mothers

A study to determine the prevalence of anemia among registered antenatal mothers in MMIMs &amp; R antenatal OPD with a view to develop and evaluate a planned health education programme on prevention and management of anemia in pregnancy in terms of knowledge and practice of antenatal mothers

A study to determine the prevalence of anemia among registered antenatal mothers in MMIMs &amp; R antenatal OPD with a view to develop and evaluate a planned health education programme on prevention and management of anemia in pregnancy in terms of knowledge and practices of antenatal mothers

A study to determine the prevalence of anemia among registered antenatal mothers in MMIMs &amp; R antenatal OPD with a view to develop and evaluate a planned health education programme on prevention and management of anemia in pregnancy in terms of knowledge and practices of antenatal mothers

Commentary: Recent Trends in the management of Anaemia in Pregnancy

Commentary: Recent Trends in the management of Anaemia in Pregnancy

Anæmia During Pregnancy

Nutritional anaemia due to iron and folate deficiency is a major global Public Health problem. South Asia ranks among the regions, which have the highest prevalence of anaemia in the world and India perhaps has the highest prevalence of anaemia among the South Asian countries. Prevalence of anaemia is higher among pregnant women and preschool children. Even among higher income educated segments of population about 50% of children, adolescent girls and pregnant women are anaemic. Inadequate dietary iron, folate intake and poor bioavailability of dietary iron from the fibre, phytate rich Indian diets are the major factors responsible for high prevalence of anaemia. Increased requirement of iron during growth and pregnancy and chronic blood loss contribute to higher prevalence in specific groups. Many times anaemia is directly or indirectly responsible for maternal deaths. Early detection and effective management of anaemia in pregnancy can contribute substantially to reduction in maternal mortality. Maternal anaemia is associated with poor intrauterine growth and increased risk of preterm births and low birth weight rates. This in turn results in higher perinatal morbidity and mortality, and higher infant mortality rate. Maternal anaemia contributes to intergenerational cycle of poor growth in the offspring. Early detection and effective management of anaemia in preganancy can lead to substantial reduction in under nutrition in childhood, adolescence and improvement in adult height.