National Park Management Research Articles

TINJAUAN HUKUM PENETAPAN ZONASI TERHADAPAT MASYARAKAT NELAYAN BERDASARKAN PASAL 23 UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 5 TAHUN 1990 TENTANG KONSERVASI SUMBERDAYA ALAM HAYATI DAN EKOSISTEM

Wakatobi National Park (TNW) is managed by the system established based on the decision of the diirektur-General of forest protection and nature conservation (PHKA) number SK. 149/IV-KK/2007 July 23, 2007 by wakatobi National Park alongside Hall Government wakatobi, aimed at mapping the area and restriction area which can be utilized and that cannot be utilized called zoning. Until now the most dominant issue facing the fishermen who came from the tribe of bajo, is poverty the cause there is no other choice but to continuously exploit sea resources, poverty often becomes complicated because of poor population It is often considered as the cause of damage to the coastal environment, but on the other hand the poor population also will bear the impact of environmental damage. The methods used in this study i.e. by using qualitative descriptive method, namely the description of penganalisaan data obtained from field studies and libraries by way of describing and explaining the reality of objective research obtained from the results of observation and interview approaches as well as describe the behavior of the community until the creation of the law. Research results show that implementation of the truly wakatobi National Park Zoning to protect marine ecosystems, particularly coral reefs exist in the Wakatobi. Sustainability of natural resources tersebutnantinya expect able to prosper fishing communities especially in the villages of Mola Samaturu. Though the National Park Zoning designation wakatibi has yet to get a response is entirely from fishing communities especially villagers Mola Samaturu because masi felt there was some space for a living sea becomes limited by the existence of zoning. Wakatobi national park management in kelolah based on the Zoning system, as for the forms is the core zone, the zone of protection zones, exploiting local marine, public utilization zones, tourism and land zone zone/special.

An evaluation of destination attractiveness for nature-based tourism: Recommendations for the management of national parks in Vietnam

National parks are increasingly recognized as playing an important role in the development of nature-based tourism destinations that promote effective management of natural resources and socioeconomic development. The paper was designed to evaluate the tourism attractiveness and performance of national parks in Vietnam. The tourism performance of 30 Vietnamese national parks was evaluated using multiple criteria decision analysis with the stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis (SMAA) and preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation (PROMETHEE) method; thirteen national park attributes were used to determine tourism attractiveness, measured by an exponential weighted acceptability index. It was found that the Phong Nha – Ke Bang, Cuc Phuong, and Ba Be National Parks were most attractive for more than 95% of all possible preference structures. In addition, 12 non-dominated national parks were identified, and for an average supporter of most non-dominated protected areas, the trail criterion appears to be the most important. A statistically significant correlation was found between tourism attractiveness and the number of tourists who visited national parks. Our findings offer potentially useful information for decision makers in developing effective tourism marketing and management strategies for national parks in Vietnam.

Decision Tree Approach to Predicting Vehicle Stopping from GPS Tracks in a National Park Scenic Corridor

In this study, a GPS tracking dataset was utilized to predict the probability of a vehicle stopping along a scenic corridor in a national park setting. The Moose-Wilson Corridor (MWC) in Grand Teton National Park was evaluated for vehicle stopping/visiting determined from GPS collected data along the corridor. Four attractions were evaluated, which consisted of Death Canyon, Granite Canyon, the Laurance S. Rockefeller Preserve, and Sawmill Ponds. A decision tree analysis was implemented to determine the probabilities of visitors’ stopping patterns at park attractions. A benefit to the decision tree method is the easy to read structure and simple visual representation. An 814-observation sample set was split into training and testing datasets that resulted in model accuracies as high as 94%. A promising outcome of this methodology is that it provides a visual reference to help identify attraction relationships. Similarities in the tree structure were determined for Death Canyon and Granite Canyon owing to their child nodes being composed of other MWC attractions. Alternatively, the Laurance S. Rockefeller Preserve and Sawmill Ponds attractions determined more variability in their tree structure. The implementation of a data analysis method such as the one presented in this paper could help national park managers prepare for the incoming era of technology and data.

Discussion on Natural Resources Asset Management in National Parks

Discussion on Natural Resources Asset Management in National Parks

Catch and Release: The Effectiveness of an Educational Class for Anglers Caught with Fishing Citations

Formal regulatory structures, such as government‐imposed size limits or bag limits, are standard tools used by managers to achieve fisheries management in most countries. Regulations are most effective if followed by the angling community, which is predicated upon anglers understanding and accepting the regulations. To enhance compliance with fishing regulations and improve the management of fisheries resources, Biscayne and Everglades National Parks established a Fisheries Education Class program that was open to the community and available to anglers cited with a fishing violation in exchange for a reduced or waived fine. Here, we describe this program and quantitatively evaluate its effectiveness by measuring and comparing the self‐efficacy and attitudes of participants before and after the class using generalized linear models with repeated measures. Results showed that the Fisheries Education Class was effective at improving the self‐efficacy of anglers toward understanding and applying the regulations and improved the attitudes of the participants toward fishing regulations.

Monitoring consumptive resource use in South African national parks

Monitoring is an essential component of measuring the performance of protected areas. This requirement led to the development of a biodiversity monitoring system for South African National Parks (SANParks). The system comprises of ten major programmes, each focusing on a core area of conservation biodiversity monitoring, with resource use being one of the focal areas. With the growing appreciation of the importance of natural resources for the socio-economic well-being of communities and other stakeholders, sustainable resource use is an important component of the management of natural areas and national parks. To gauge sustainability, a sound monitoring and research programme that fits within the context of the SANParks’ adaptive management approach towards social-ecological system management is required. The purpose of this article was to define the context and scope in which consumptive resource use takes place within SANParks and to outline the criteria necessary for developing a sound monitoring programme to assess the sustainability of such use. The monitoring programme is structured in view of the fact that sustainable resource use is achievable only where all dimensions of sustainability (social, economic and ecological) are considered simultaneously. In terms of the social and economic dimensions of sustainability, the programme provides for assessing stakeholder needs, trends in resource use and the social and economic impacts of resource use. Monitoring that relates to the ecological dimension of sustainability of biological resource use deals with the rate of turnover and population dynamics of target species, as well as harvest impact. In terms of abiotic (non-renewable) resources, monitoring deals with sound management practices to minimise impact on the environment, and to optimise benefits through responsible use.Conservation implications: The resource use monitoring programme is intended to ensure that monitoring relating to the harvesting of natural resources from national parks is scientifically sound and conducted in a structured way, towards meeting the objective of sustainable use and compliance with national legislation. The article illustrates how SANParks meets its obligation to monitor biodiversity conservation while at the same time meeting the needs for the consumptive use of resources.

Research on the Planning and Management of National Parks: Based on the Public Engagement Mechanism

National Parks not only undertake the basic functions of protecting natural ecological environment, but also play a variety of functions such as the cultivation, scientific research, environmental education, natural recreation, etc. China’s National Park career entered a new chapter after the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee. It is urgent to make specific and operable research as a reference in practice. This paper takes the national parks of the US as the research object to analyze the specific methods and planning process based on the public engagement mechanism, thus improve the planning and management of national parks in China.

Protection by culling: the crux of red deer management in National Parks

Managing large ungulates in the territory of national parks requires comprehensive knowledge of many factors (population parameters, the distribution of animals and the number of their habitats, their feeding grounds, the intensity and direction of their migration), and skill in responding to the effects of negative chance events. A large number of the factors are by nature stochastic; thus, from a programming perspective, the issue of managing ungulate populations is difficult to formulate as an algorithm. This paper presents a model built using artificial neural networks (ANN). The results obtained with this model show that it is possible to maintain the population in a park without the necessity for culling within its boundaries. The study also demonstrated that culling specifically of hinds in these areas should be increased. The research presents alternative culling strategies for red deer populations in protected areas.

基于最优实践的国家公园管理能力评价方法体系研究

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于最优实践的国家公园管理能力评价方法体系研究 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201812262816 作者: 作者单位: 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,中国人民大学环境学院;中国人民大学环境学院,中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（2017YFC0506404） Methodology of evaluating the management capacity of national parks based on best practices Author: Affiliation: INSTITUTE OF GEOGRAPHIC SCIENCES AND NATURAL RESOURCES RESEARCH,,INSTITUTE OF GEOGRAPHIC SCIENCES AND NATURAL RESOURCES RESEARCH，,,,, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:建立国家公园体制对我国自然保护地体系改革以及生态文明建设具有重要意义。然而，我国国家公园建设却面临着创新管理体制、确定资源权属、健全法律体系等诸多挑战。对标国际先进经验将有助于识别我国现有基础与最优目标之间的差距，发现国家公园建设与管理的薄弱环节与努力方向，推动适合我国国情的国家公园建设路径与管理模式的探索。为此，系统梳理了世界上不同国家的国家公园管理经验，并对国际上国家公园管理的最优实践进行了归纳总结。在此基础上，综合考虑我国国家公园建设的自身特点，构建了包含体制建设、保障机制、资源环境管理、社区管理和科普教育5方面共18项指标的国家公园管理能力评价指标体系，并对各项指标的最优标准进行了界定。基于该指标体系，提出了国家公园管理能力综合评价方法。该方法运用层次分析法和专家打分法确定各项指标权重及得分，通过加权求和得到国家公园管理能力的综合评分。基于最优实践的国家公园管理能力评价方法体系，在短期内将有助于判断国家公园体制试点的管理基础与建设潜力，为我国国家公园的甄别与遴选提供科学依据，在长期将为国家公园管理有效性评估体系的构建奠定基础，为我国国家公园管理质量的提升提供技术支撑。 Abstract:The establishment of a national park system is of great significance to the reform of the protected area scheme and the construction of ecological civilization in China. However, the development of national parks has been confronted with a series of challenges such as institutional innovation, natural resource registration, and legal system perfection. Learning from the advanced experience of other countries will help identify the gap between the current situation and the best standard while revealing weaknesses in the development and management of national parks, thereby promoting the exploration of optimized modes of construction and management for national parks in China. For this reason, this report systematically summarized the experience and best practices of national park management in different countries. Combining international best practices and China's requirements on national park construction, this report proposes an indicator system to evaluate the management capacity of national parks. The system contains a total of 18 indicators comprising five aspects:institutional construction, guarantee mechanism, natural resources and environment management, community management, and popular science and education. The highest standard of each indicator was then defined according to the best practice and a comprehensive method of evaluating national park management capacity was put forward. This method used the analytic hierarchy process and expert scoring method to determine the weight and the score of each indicator. A comprehensive score of national park management capacity was obtained by adding up the weighted score of each indicator. In the short term, this methodology based on best practices will aid in assessing the management basis and construction potential of pilot national parks in China, providing scientific guidance for the selection of national parks. In the long term, it will lay a foundation for establishing a methodology to evaluate the effectiveness of national park management, thereby providing technical support to improve the management capacity of national parks in China. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

功能约束条件下的钱江源国家公园体制试点区游憩利用适宜性评价研究

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 功能约束条件下的钱江源国家公园体制试点区游憩利用适宜性评价研究 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201808241811 作者: 作者单位: 中华女子学院,中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（2017YFC0506401） Assessment of recreational use suitability of Qianjiangyuan National Park Pilot under the zoning constraints Author: Affiliation: China Women’s University,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:国家公园功能分区根据生态系统和文化资源的保护要求划定不同的区域，并通过对区域内活动开展的范围和强度进行管控，实现生态保护、游憩利用等目标。从功能约束条件出发，以钱江源国家公园体制试点区（简称"钱江源国家公园"）为例，采用德尔菲法和层次分析法，选取自然游憩资源、景观美景度、人文游憩资源、游憩利用能力、生态环境承载力、社会条件等6个因子构建了国家公园游憩利用适宜性评价体系。运用GIS空间分析工具对其进行单因子分级评价和综合评价，定量评估了钱江源国家公园游憩利用的适宜性，并将其适宜性从低到高依次划分为I-IV的4个等级。结果表明，钱江源国家公园游憩利用适宜性4个等级的面积呈"橄榄"型分布格局。在游憩利用适宜性分析结果及国家公园功能分区管理要求的基础上，本文进一步将钱江源国家公园游憩利用划分为6大游憩利用类型，并提出不同游憩利用类型的主导服务功能与管理措施。研究结果可为国家公园功能分区管理和游憩利用提供规划与管理指导。 Abstract:National park zoning is an integrated approach for classifying different areas according to their ecosystem and cultural resources protection requirements and controlling recreational use types and intensity. Qianjiangyuan National Park Pilot (hereinafter referred to as Qianjiangyuan National Park, QNP) was used as a case study to explore the recreation suitability assessment system under constraints of zoning. This paper proposed an evaluation index system that combined the use of Delphi and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods to determine the suitable recreation sites of QNP. Attributes selected to represent recreation suitability in the national park included natural recreation resources, scenic beauty, human recreation resources, recreation use aptitude, ecological environment carrying capacity, and social condition. All obtained data were evaluated and integrally overlapped in the Geographical Information Systems base. Thus, a recreation suitability map was created manually on a scale of I to IV, with I being "not suitable at all." Results suggested that recreation suitability levels in QNP tended to have an olive-like distribution. Based on the results of recreational use suitability assessment and management requirements of zonings in the national park, this study identified six types of recreational use and proposed dominant service functions and management measures for those recreation use areas. The results of this study will provide guidance regarding planning and management in national parks. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Engaging Minority Communities in Local National Park Units through Culturally Competent Focus Groups

The racial and ethnic profile of the United States population is shifting rapidly; in particular, the Latinx/Hispanic population is expected to increase by 115% between 2014 and 2060 (Colby & Ortman, 2014). Racial and ethnic minorities have traditionally been underrepresented and underserved in outdoor recreation areas. The National Park Service (NPS) has recently recognized the importance of engaging a diverse range of visitors to ensure that national park units are welcoming places that are available and relevant to all. While leisure scholars have examined minority preferences and barriers to visiting outdoor recreation areas, few have focused on gathering feedback from a minority community about their relationship with a local, culturally significant national park. Furthermore, despite evidence that focus groups are an effective method for engaging minority populations, this field includes little information on how to design and conduct focus groups in a manner that builds rapport with minority communities. The dual focus of this paper contributes to these crucial gaps in the outdoor recreation field. First, it explores the perceptions and understandings of the Latinx/Hispanic community regarding their connection and relationship to Castillo de San Marcos National Monument (CASA). Second, it gives more specific attention to how culturally competent focus groups can be used to engage and gather feedback from Latinx/ Hispanic individuals. Participants shared feedback that CASA’s role in the Latinx/ Hispanic community is limited by perceived exclusion and a lack of outreach from the park, contributing to a lack of knowledge and lack of connection with the Latinx/ Hispanic community. Suggestions for improvement included increased representation and engagement at the park, as well as increased outreach and a presence in the community through partnership with organizations, including schools. Throughout the study, key methodological strategies were implemented with a focus on cultural competence, including a combination of flyer and snowball recruitment methods, coordination with respected Latinx/Hispanic community members, and partnership with a local, bilingual Latinx/Hispanic facilitator. As a result, the project fostered respeto (respect), confianza (support and trust), simpatia (positive, respectful interaction), and personalismo (personal engagement) between participants and researchers, ultimately ensuring that participants felt comfortable sharing their impressions of CASA. In order to welcome everyone in our growing and diversifying nation, national park managers should consider using focus groups to gather feedback from their local minority communities. By incorporating elements of cultural competence through focus group design, recruitment and retention, and conduct, and by making genuine attempts to incorporate community representation into park planning and decision-making, park managers can better engage and build long-term relationships with underrepresented communities. Subscribe to JPRA

Protection and enlightenment of ecological integrity of Canadian national parks

Canada is one of the first countries in the world to establish a national park, and pioneered the concept of ecological integrity management of national parks. Based on this concept, the country has basically achieved the sustainable development of national parks. China has a vast territory, a large number of scenic spots and nature reserves, but its system and management methods need to be optimized. This paper takes forestry developed countries as an example, summarizes the progress of ecological integrity protection in Canadian national parks, summarizes its current ecosystem adaptive management concepts and implementation methods, Ecological Integrity (EI) monitoring construction and related evaluation index systems, ecosystem protection and restoration. The experience is intended to provide a reference for the improvement of the ecological integrity protection of national parks in China.

Impact of London residents’ sociodemographic characteristics on the motives for visiting national parks

The establishment of national parks is motivated by the preservation of natural values and resources or, more precisely, landscape and biodiversity, as well as satisfying scientific, educational, health and recreational, tourism, cultural and other needs. They have two often conflicting purposes: to protect important natural and cultural resources and to offer the possibility to use these areas as well as to enjoy them. People love to travel to protected natural areas just because on a relatively small but representative territory they can see a large number of plant and animal species, as well as participate in recreational activities in a pristine environment. The purpose of this study was to identify the motives and constraints for visiting national parks in relation to age, education level and employment status. The research was conducted among the London residents who are potential visitors of national parks in England. A total of 107 respondents were questioned through an online survey. The results obtained in this study showed that there are differences in motives and constraints in relation to sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents. The results of this study could direct the management of national parks to focus more on identifying and meeting the needs of potential visitors because of the increasing popularity of ecotourism.

国家公园管理评估体系构建与应用

国家公园管理评估体系构建与应用

Tourists' Values and Perceived Appropriate Uses of National Parks

National park managers must consider people's different values, beliefs, and attitudes in developing management plans and policies to justify providing opportunities for public recreation preserving ecological integrity. This study examines tourists' perceptions of appropriate uses of, and services within, national parks, which in turn are influenced by their value orientations. It then investigates how value orientations can affect tourists' perceptions toward appropriate uses of national parks. The article also identifies the mediating role of environmental concern on value orientations with regard to appropriate national park uses and services. Data from 379 tourists in Malaysia's Taman Negara National Park reveal that tourists perceive appreciative or passive activities as most appropriate and more consumptive activities, such as hunting and golf courses, as least appropriate. Results also indicate positive and negative relationships between value orientations and perceived suitableness of accommodations and services, activities, and facilities within national parks.

Black faces, black spaces: Rethinking African American underrepresentation in wildland spaces and outdoor recreation

The Wilderness Act of 1964 defines wilderness as “an area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain”. It goes on to limit acceptable activities in designated wilderness areas to those associated with leisure, scenic viewing, education, and scientific inquiry. These precepts are the basis for federal wilderness management in national parks, national forests, national wildlife refuges, and lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management. They are derived from the interests and values held by the early environmental movement's predominantly white middle and upper class patrons, and imposed on diverse groups who may not hold the same views. This study examined how the imposition of wilderness management at Congaree National Park greatly restricted local African Americans' traditional fishing practices and how fishers made meaning of their displacement. Participants' experience of alienation is a result of their perceptions of racial discrimination in the park's preferential treatment of white visitors. This study argues that African American presence in the Great Outdoors is erased both materially and symbolically by racial bias in the Wilderness Act, a general lack of attention to black outdoor spaces, and the use of white outdoor values and pursuits as the criterion for which to assess African American outdoor ethos.

Effectiveness of Local People's Perception on Ecotourism Participation in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, Indonesia

Support of local people is important things regarding successful ecotourism management. Ranu Pani is located in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (BTSNP), Indonesia. This study aims was to examine how residents’ views and the relationship between perception, attitude, communication and participation on ecotourism. A questionnaire survey was conducted to get the data. For analyzing data, it used regression analysis through SPSS. The results showed that there was a relationship between positive perception, communication and participation. Most of respondents agreed ecotourism would like to improve attractiveness of the community, and raise incomes. Regarding communication, residents would like to give information and feel happy when visitors asking them about their nature and culture. Regarding attitude, most of respondents supported with national park management. However, they were only 58.7% satisfied with development of national park. Therefore, the authority should improve their capacity to provide more employment opportunities and to escalate residents-national park relationship.

National Park Management in Indonesia: The Use of Ecosystem Services to Support Its Financial Needs

The growing trends in the conservation forest management opens up opportunities for the use of ecosystem services. Indonesia has 54 national parks that can be utilized for generating incomes as well as conserving the biodiversity to eliminate the financial gap of national park management. To support the financial needs of national park management, the Government of Indonesia needs to regulate the potential ecosystem services, improve the service delivery to the stakeholders, and consider new ecosystem services in addition to invite new investors and/or new grants and implement the economic instruments of environment.

Assessing mesophotic coral ecosystems inside and outside a Caribbean marine protected area.

Widespread shallow coral reef loss has led to calls for more holistic approaches to coral reef management, requiring inclusion of ecosystems interacting with shallow coral reefs in management plans. Yet, almost all current reef management is biased towards shallow reefs, and overlooks that coral reefs extend beyond shallow waters to mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs; 30–150 m). We present the first detailed quantitative characterization of MCEs off Cozumel, Mexico, on the northern Mesoamerican Reef in the Mexican Caribbean, and provide insights into their general state. We documented MCE biodiversity, and assessed whether MCEs adjacent to a major town and port, where coastal development has caused shallow reef damage, have similar benthic and fish communities to MCEs within a National Park. Our results show that overall MCE communities are similar regardless of protection, though some taxa-specific differences exist in benthic communities between sites within the MPA and areas outside. Regardless of protection and location, and in contrast to shallow reefs, all observed Cozumel MCEs were continuous reefs with the main structural habitat complexity provided by calcareous macroalgae, sponges, gorgonians and black corals. Hard corals were present on MCEs, although at low abundance. We found that 42.5% of fish species recorded on Cozumel could be found on both shallow reefs and MCEs, including 39.6% of commercially valuable fish species. These results suggest that MCEs could play an important role in supporting fish populations. However, regardless of protection and depth, we found few large-body fishes (greater than 500 mm), which were nearly absent at all studied sites. Cozumel MCEs contain diverse benthic and fish assemblages, including commercially valuable fisheries species and ecosystem engineers, such as black corals. Because of their inherent biodiversity and identified threats, MCEs should be incorporated into shallow-reef-focused Cozumel National Park management plan.

The Effects of Environmental Value Orientations and Experience-Use History on the Conservation Value of a National Park

National parks are protected areas where special efforts are taken to conserve wildlife species and their habitats. However, the management of parks presents many diverse challenges. One effective mitigation strategy is understanding and improving the connections between environmental awareness and responsible behavior. This study examined this relationship by integrating the value orientations and environmental attitudes of individuals into the developmental process to understand individual conservation behavioral intentions measured as willingness to pay (WTP). The conceptual framework was constructed on the premise that the WTP is hierarchically developed: first, from value orientations and experience-use history, and, second, from attitudes toward national park management. Mt. Seorak National Park has faced diverse problems, including land use conflict from the development of cable cars and high-speed railroad tunnels through the park, and was chosen as a study site. The data were collected from 800 respondents through an online survey that considered the geographical area of residence. This study employed a confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling along with a contingent valuation method to measure WTP. The findings from the study indicated that WTP was connected to specific dimensions of value orientations, attitudes, and experience-use history. The theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.