City Management Research Articles

Solid Waste Management in Luang Prabang Capital Lao PDR

Effective solid waste management is necessary to prevent the spread of diseases and to maintain a clean and healthy living environment. Additionally, proper waste management practices can help reduce pollution and protect the local ecosystem. Therefore, this study emphasizes two main objectives: a) To investigate the current state of solid waste management (SWM) in the capital city of Luang Prabang. b) The satisfaction and needs of people regarding solid waste management (SWM) in the Luang Prabang. The study analysed both qualitative and quantitative data to assess the current state of SWM and the satisfaction and needs of the people. The study identifies several challenges in SWM, including lack of funding, low awareness and poor waste collection and disposal practices. A study was conducted in Luang Prabang, Laos to investigate the satisfaction and needs of people regarding solid waste management (SWM). The study found that the satisfaction level of people regarding the quality of service in managing and disposing of urban waste in the city of Prabang is moderate. The study also found that the needs of the people in terms of service quality in the management and disposal of waste at the urban service office in Prabang have many requirements compared to the current situation. The study’s findings can be used to develop a plan to improve the SWM system in Luang Prabang and meet the needs of the people. The majority of respondents were satisfied with the physical aspects and level of care and attention provided by the SWM system, but not with its performance. The majority of respondents expressed the need for improvements to the SWM system, such as the need for more waste sorting bins and the need for more waste collection staff. In addition, this study found that people in different areas have different levels of satisfaction with the service. Those who are aware of the waste problem are more satisfied with the service than those who are not aware of the problem.

Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Indoor Regional Crowd Flow Prediction

Crowd flow prediction plays a vital role in modern city management and public safety prewarning. However, the existing approaches related to this topic mostly focus on single sites or road segments, and indoor regional crowd flow prediction has yet to receive sufficient academic attention. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel prediction model, named the spatial–temporal attention-based crowd flow prediction network (STA-CFPNet), to forecast the indoor regional crowd flow volume. The model has four branches of temporal closeness, periodicity, tendency and external factors. Each branch of this model takes a convolutional neural network (CNN) as its principal component, which computes spatial correlations from near to distant areas by stacking multiple CNN layers. By incorporating the output of the four branches into the model’s fusion layer, it is possible to utilize ensemble learning to mine the temporal dependence implicit within the data. In order to improve both the convergence speed and prediction performance of the model, a building block based on spatial–temporal attention mechanisms was designed. Furthermore, a fully convolutional structure was applied to the external factors branch to provide globally shared external factors contexts for the research area. The empirical study demonstrates that STA-CFPNet outperforms other well-known crowd flow prediction methods in processing the experimental datasets.

Architectural activity in the structure of the Vladivostok city government: the beginning of the 20TH century

The architectural activities of Vladivostok’s municipal government (city council and management) can be divided into two chronological intervals. The initial stage (1875-1898), considered by the author elsewhere, was a period of organization and appointment of the first city architect and definition of his duties, surveying and landscaping of the city’s central area, and construction of the first stone public and residential buildings for the civilian population. This publication continues the study of the planning, design and construction activities of Vladivostok’s municipal architects and engineers from the early 20th century until the revolutionary events of 1917. A characteristic feature of the time under consideration is periods of decline in design and construction (1898-1905); and activation in 1906-1917, directly related to events in the city, region, and the world. The study examines objects erected by the municipal authorities and city management structure, and presents a list of city architects, engineers and technicians. The publication is based on information from the Commemorative Books of the Primorye Region, early 20th century periodicals of Vladivostok, and funds of the Russian State Historical Archive of the Far East.

Modeling of seawater intrusion into Salalah coastal plain aquifer, sultanate of Oman

Excessive groundwater pumping has become a concern in Salalah coastal aquifer in Oman causing seawater intrusion at different farms and abstraction wells near the shoreline. MODFLOW and MT3DMS were calibrated and validated for Salalah coastal aquifer to assess aquifer behavior and seawater intrusion pattern with new input data and fine grid spacing to improve the accuracy of predictions as compared to the previous modeling studies in this region. The study was conducted over an area of 640 km2 of Salalah Plain representing around 83% of its total area. Injection of tertiary treated wastewater, rainfall and dams were considered as sources of aquifer recharge while groundwater abstraction occurred for agricultural, domestic, and commercial uses. The calibration and validation of the models were done in steady and transient states using observed groundwater levels from year 2000–2019. The aquifer properties such as hydraulic conductivity, specific yield, and vertical anisotropy were calibrated. MODFLOW results were utilized by MT3DMS to simulate solute transport at transient state. The longitudinal dispersivity and porosity of the aquifer were obtained by calibration and validation of the model. Over the three aquifer layers, the hydraulic conductivity ranges from 10 m/day to 100 m/day, vertical anisotropy is 4 and the specific yield ranges from 0.01 to 0.1. The calibrated values of the longitudinal dispersivity and porosity range from 500 m to 50000 m, and 0.4, respectively. The study indicated a clear impact of seawater intrusion at coastal side of the Salalah plain. The predictive modeling indicated an average of 1.5 m drop in hydraulic head across the whole study area by 2040, while seawater intrusion effect was expected to increase near the coast with potential extension to the central area of the Salalah plain. The validated model can be used as a prediction tool by the decision makers to manage the aquifer considering different scenarios, for integrated water resources management in Salalah city.

Implementation Strategy “3R CIRCULAR ECONOMY” To Achieve SDG Target 11.6 “Municipal Waste Management” In Cipaganti Village, Bandung City (Study at the Cihampelas Mandiri Unit Garbage Bank)

Good municipal waste management is very important for a sustainable urban order. Good municipal waste management can reduce negative impacts on the environment, public health and natural resources. The application of a Garbage Bank is one of the solutions for good municipal waste management. This is due to the concept of a Garbage Bank which is aligned with sustainable city management. One of the principles that is effective in helping the performance of waste management at the Garbage Bank is a circular economy based on 3R (reduce, reuse, and recycle). The application of this concept needs to be supported by campaigns involving various activities such as outreach, education, training and promotion which aim to increase public awareness about the importance of sustainable waste management. This study aims to examine the Garbage Bank campaign strategy as an effort to support the achievement of Target 11.6 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), namely “Urban Waste Management”, by implementing a 3R-based circular economy approach in Cipaganti Village, Bandung City. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method of a Garbage Bank in Cipaganti Village, Bandung City. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and analysis of related documents. The key informants in this study were community members, related stakeholders, and the management of the Waste Bank in Cipaganti Village. The results of this study are expected to provide a better understanding of the effectiveness of the Garbage Bank campaign strategy in realizing SDG Target 11.6 in Cipaganti Village, Bandung City, as well as provide guidance for the government and related organizations in planning and implementing sustainable waste management activitiesgovernment and related organizations in planning and implementing sustainable waste management activities.

Attributing effects of classified infrastructure management on mitigating urban flood risks: A case study in Beijing, China

Improving infrastructure construction with nature-based solutions is a feasible strategy to mitigate flood risks and enhance urban resilience. This study fitted the flood risk function of Beijing based on extreme precipitation indices to analyze the probability of flood hazards and its economic losses. Then primary drivers on flood risks and its spatial relationship were identified, especially the effects of blue, green, and grey infrastructure. Results showed that flood risks of Beijing decrease from the northwest to southeast, while economic losses decrease from the southeast to the surrounding areas. Natural topography especially slope is the major driver of spatial heterogeneity in flood risks at the grid scale (q statistic=0.101), while socio-economic development especially economic intensity are the major drivers at the community scale (q statistic=0.194). Additionally, the attributing effects of classified infrastructure on flood risks are ranked as: green infrastructure (βmin=-0.28) > grey infrastructure (βmax=0.13) > blue infrastructure (βmin=-0.2). It indicates that green infrastructure plays a more effective role in mitigating flood risks in most urban areas of Beijing rather than blue infrastructure, while grey infrastructure aggravates flood risks, especially in the northeastern suburbs. This study provides a reference for decision making on infrastructure construction and flood management in rapid-urbanization cities.

Solving hospital waste management problem in a developing country – a case of Varanasi city in India

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to solve the problem of healthcare waste management in developing countries. The buildup of medical waste has attracted the attention of all spheres of society due to the expanding population and developing economy. Timely collection and processing of medical waste are extremely important due to its potential hazards. Although the problem of planning medical waste management has been addressed in developed countries, it persists in several developing countries. This research is motivated by an example of a city in India characterized by a dense population, abundant health-care facilities and a lack of planning for managing large medical waste generated daily.Design/methodology/approachThe authors address the problem of designing the network of collection and processing facilities for medical waste and optimizing the vehicle route that collects and transfers the waste between facilities. Due to distinct topographic restrictions in the considered city, the collection and transfer process needs to be conducted in two echelons – from hospitals to collection centers using smaller vehicles and then to the processing facilities using trucks. This work addresses these two problems as a two-echelon location-routing problem.FindingsA mixed-integer programming model is developed to minimize the cost of opening the facilities and transporting medical waste. Several managerial insights are drawn up to assist planners and decision-makers.Originality/valueThis study follows a case study approach to provide a descriptive and prescriptive approach to hospital waste management in the ancient city of Varanasi. The city has witnessed unplanned growth over the years and is densely populated. The health-care facilities in the city have a large catchment area and attract patients from neighboring districts. The situation analysis based on secondary data and unstructured interviews of the stakeholders suggests that the ad hoc approach prevails in present hospital waste management in the city.

The 2015–2019 excavation of the bronze foundry site at the Huanbei Shang City in Anyang, Henan

Abstract The Anyang Team of Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences conducted five excavations of a bronze foundry site at the Huanbei Shang City from 2015 to 2019. A variety of archaeological features were discovered, ranging from the foundation built from calcareous nodules and rammed earth, bronze melting and casting area, refuse area, sacrificial pit, ash pit, well, and cache pit. Many artifacts related to metallurgy were also unearthed, including clay molds, models, cores, bellow nozzles, slag, furnace fragments, charcoal, bone gravers, and whetstones. The discovery of this bronze foundry site is of great value for the study of the Huanbei Shang City layout, the operation, and management of bronze casting, technological transmission, and other questions. Bronze casting technology at Huanbei Shang City was still in its early stages of development, but it laid a solid foundation for the later flourishing of the bronze civilization at Yinxu.

Mapping environmental problems in the new capital city of “Nusantara” as a foundation for sustainable development governance

Indonesia moved the country’s capital from Jakarta to Kalimantan Island. This activity is a major breakthrough, but if done incorrectly it can be a serious challenge, especially from an environmental perspective. This research aims to identify environmental problems in the development of Indonesian capital cities. This information was obtained through literature studies and field observations. City management studies, especially the development of the nation’s capital, need to be directed so as not to cause environmental damage problems. The mapping process starts from the pre-construction stage, construction stage, operational stage or environmental impact analysis. The mapping results show that environmental problems need to be mapped in the form of types of activities with a social, economic and environmental approach in accordance with sustainable development standards starting from a social approach to ensure the fulfillment of citizens’ rights in improving the quality of the environment city. The results of impact identification conclude that there is a positive impact on improving community welfare and there is a negative impact that increases the burden on the environment. An economic approach by ensuring the fulfillment of citizens’ rights in obtaining decent work and an environmental approach by paying attention to air, water quality and waste management in accordance with technological standards and following applicable laws and regulations. As for alternative conclusions for resolving environmental problems, community model governance is governance with a community approach for activities that have an area of less than 5 hectares and the complexity of environmental impacts is less than three impacts, while the complexity of environmental impacts is more than three impacts. of the three impacts are managed using a collaborative model.

Comprehensive human health risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in urban soils: insights from selected metropolitan zones

Introduction: This study aims to assess the extent of heavy metal contamination in urban soils in sixteen selected cities of Pakistan, encompassing the elements cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), cobalt (Co), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu).Methods: The data utilized for this study was collected from online literature during the period 2005 to 2019. This study investigated potential threats to human health through a comprehensive analysis, considering standards such as Enrichment Factors (EF), Geo-accumulation Indices (Igeo), and Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA).Results: Geo-accumulation Index results indicated varied risk intensities, with Cu, Pb, Co, Mn, and Fe exhibiting “no pollution” levels, while other elements show “moderate to extremely contaminated” values. EF analysis provided evidence of heavy metal presence, revealing a spectrum from “no pollution” to “moderate to extremely high pollution” for Cd, Zn, Cr, Ni, and Cu. The health risk assessment identified both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic dangers for adults and children.Discussion: These findings highlighted the substantial contribution of identified sources such as industrial processes, vehicular emissions, sewage sludge, urban flooding, and the production and use of metallic materials that have elevated heavy metal levels in the urban soils. This established the link between urban industrial zones, human health, and long-term economic sustainability. This study provides essential guidance for decision makers to develop effective strategies for soil remediation, enhanced industrial practices, and regulatory measures to address heavy metal contamination in urban areas, ensuring the wellbeing and sustainable environmental quality management in cities.

Visibility-Based R-Tree Spatial Index for Consistent Visualization in Indoor and Outdoor Scenes

(1) Background: The smart city management system, with GIS technology as its core, is based on realistic visualization of multiple types of 3D model data syntheses. However, the efficiency barriers to achieving smooth and continuous visualization from outdoor scenes to small indoor scenes remain a challenge. (2) Methods: This paper uses the visibility prediction method to obtain potential visual sets at three levels—outdoor, indoor and outdoor connection, and indoor—and constructs an R-tree spatial index structure for organizing potential visual sets. By integrating these potential visible sets with spatial indexes, scene visualization can be carried out effectively. (3) Results: A near-reality indoor and outdoor scene was used for experimentation, resulting in stable 10% fluctuation visual frame rates around 90 FPS. (4) Conclusions: Spatial indexing methods that combine potential visible sets can effectively solve the continuity and stability problem of indoor and outdoor scene visualization in smart city management systems.

Co-Design of a Public Space and the Implementation: Atakent (Car) Park

Citizen Design Science is a new co-design strategy for urban and architectural systems that improves the planning, design, management, and renewal of cities, urban habitats, and architectural structures, using active design tools through citizens' observation, experience, and local knowledge. The aim of this study is to describe how Atakent Parking Area is transformed into a public space design and implementation through both digital and analog active design tools in the co-design process that includes citizens' spatial experiences, needs, and desires through the method of citizen design science. The objective indicators and subjective perception applied in the study were combined in the co-design process to implement an urban design project. The experimental collaborative urban design process is realized on a democratic platform based on the tendencies and expectations of the participants. Two conceptual urban design projects were prepared with design science data including citizens' wishes, needs, and suggestions about the area, and participating citizens were asked to vote for the project democratically in the urban space. The selected conceptual design project was transformed into an implementation project in the urban area.

Ekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk) During NEP Years: Organization of City Government System

The article discusses the activities of various levels of government structures (city council, gubernatorial, district and regional executive and party bodies) in managing EkaterinburgSverdlovsk during the NEP years. It is established that during this period, the central government was faced with a choice between centralism or decentralization in local governance and the delineation of powers between councils and different levels of regional government. It is noted that in practice, a multilevel system of city management was formed, which had both positive and negative aspects. It is shown that on the one hand, in conditions of weak city authority and a shortage of city budget, the intervention of regional authorities in urban issues and financial injections from their side allowed for the successful resolution of acute urban economic issues. On the other hand, such a system of power significantly limited the authority of the city council, pushing it to other government structures. As a result, the author concludes that the city council was not a full-fledged, independent administrative unit, and its competence in managing the city was significantly limited. This situation is explained by the fact that the main decisions regarding the directions of city development were made by regional authorities, which did not always positively affect the effectiveness of urban management.

Exploring and Documenting Urban Renewal Projects in Kisumu City, Kenya with Emphasis on Preservation of Urban Landscape Identity

Urban renewal is undertaken to respond to physical deterioration within cities to improve the quality of urban life. Urban renewal in Africa is undertaken in once colonial societies with their existing spatial built forms undergoing changes in post-colonial times. This paper aimed to explore and document the various projects undertaken in Kisumu City's urban renewal in Kenya with emphasis on preservation of urban landscape identity. The main aim of the various projects was to improve the urban infrastructure, public facilities and spatial planning and carry out slum upgrading in addition to modernisation of public policies to improve public service delivery through effective city management. Consequently, several urban renewal projects were implemented in Kisumu City from 2019 to 2022. The research was done as a case study analysis of Kisumu City, Kenya, which has been undergoing the upgrading of various urban forms and spaces. Data capturing was based on mixed methods, including archival records, mapping, photographic documentation, and semi-structured interviews. This paper sets out the categories of ongoing and completed projects and describes them in terms of project locations, type of project, what components it entailed. Data collection was through desk review on urban renewal and review of City of Kisumu documents, interviews and field investigations. The interviews were carried out with purposively selected officials from Kisumu County including the City Planning Department, Environment Department, Kisumu Urban Project. The findings revealed the projects included non-motorised transport (NMT) within the CBD that comprises the improvement of pedestrian walkways, parking spaces, construction of new markets, bus parks, rehabilitation of public parks, beautification of roundabouts, road islands and proposed new high-rise affordable housing

PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT SEBAGAI PERANGKAT HISTORIC URBAN LANDSCAPE DALAM PENGELOLAAN KAWASAN SUMBU FILOSOFI DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

Historic Urban Landscape is a historic city management approach that is considered more comprehensive in balancing between social and economic development and cultural heritage conservation. UNESCO adopted the Recommendation on The Historic Urban Landscape on 10 November 2011 at the UNESCO General Assembly. As an approach that can be adopted by various countries, this approach recommends four main tools, namely civic engagement, knowledge and planning, regulatory system, and financial tools. This research aims to identify civic engagement tools in the management of the historic city area called Kawasan Sumbu Filosofi in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. This research uses a qualitative approach with a type of case study research and is descriptive in nature. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews, observation, and literature studies. This research reveals that civic engagement in the management of the Kawasan Sumbu Filosofi in the voice area has been granted and guaranteed through various regulations. In terms of access, the government has provided a space for discussion, but the information the government provides still predominates in this forum. Concerning the aspect of control, community control over the surrounding environment has not been built. In general, the quality of community participation must continue to be encouraged to realize sustainable urban development and preservation.

MULTI-SCALE DYNAMIC PARTITIONING SYSTEM OF URBAN SPATIAL UNITS

Abstract. As the spatial structure of cities becomes increasingly complex and sustainable development goals are promoted, society places higher demands on the management and planning of cities. As the basic unit of urban analysis, the combination pattern and scale shape of urban spatial units are crucial for rational management and planning of cities. However, existing urban analysis management systems often adopt a prefabricated fixed cell division method, which is difficult to meet the needs of high precision and multi-scale analysis of urban information. Therefore, this paper proposes an interactive dynamic partitioning technology, and designs a multi-scale dynamic partitioning system for urban spatial units (SUPS), in order to meet the diverse needs of urban management and planning. The system consists of a data management module, a spatial unit module, an integration module and a visualization module. The system not only realises the multi-scale dynamic partitioning of spatial units in the form of interactive operation, but also obtains more detailed identification results by applying the multi-scale spatial units to the identification of urban functional areas, verifying the effectiveness and feasibility of the interactive multi-scale dynamic partitioning of spatial units, and providing a new technical support for fine urban management.

Explore the spatial pattern of carbon emissions in urban functional zones: a case study of Pudong, Shanghai, China.

It is crucial for the development of carbon reduction strategies to accurately examine the spatial distribution of carbon emissions. Limited by data availability and lack of industry segmentation, previous studies attempting to model spatial carbon emissions still suffer from significant uncertainty. Taking Pudong New Area as an example, with the help of multi-source data, this paper proposed a research framework for the amount calculation and spatial distribution simulation of its CO2 emissions at the scale of urban functional zones (UFZs). The methods used in this study were based on mapping relations among the locations of geographic entities and data of multiple sources, using the coefficient method recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to calculate emissions. The results showed that the emission intensity of industrial zones and transport zones was much higher than that of other UFZs. In addition, Moran's I test indicated that there was a positive spatial autocorrelation in high emission zones, especially located in industrial zones. The spatial analysis of CO2 emissions at the UFZ scale deepened the consideration of spatial heterogeneity, which could contribute to the management of low carbon city and the optimal implementation of energy allocation.

How does the green efficiency of urban land use evolve in the urban agglomeration of China's middle Yangtze river?

AbstractThe urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river (MYRUA) is the second largest national urban agglomeration in China, with an excellent ecological foundation. As the construction of urban agglomerations accelerated towards both extension and connotation, land prices of various cities rose, and the contradiction in the demand and utilization of land resources became acute. Therefore, exploring the spatiotemporal evolution and driving mechanisms of land green utilization efficiency within MYRUA had positive significance. This article focused on 28 prefecture‐level cities in the MYRUA and measured their urban land green use efficiency (ULGUE) from 2006 to 2018 using the super slack‐based measure model with undesirable output (Super‐SBM‐U). Then, the improved Fixed Malmquist–Luenberger index was developed to improve the accuracy of dynamic efficiency analysis. Further, the internal and external driving factors were explored using the index decomposition and the spatial error model with fixed effects. The results showed that the land use mode of the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River was relatively green, but efficiency gaps still existed. Although the green total factor productivity of the whole cluster has improved by 3.30% a year on average, the excessive pursuit of technological innovation has led to the stagnation of urban land management in various cities, and there are numerous inherent contradictions in urban development. But at the same time, feasible economic development directions, industrial upgrading, high‐quality employees, land marketization, and positive environmental behaviors are conducive to the green and sustainable development of ULGUE. This article depicted the internal land use characteristics of the MYRUA from the perspective of spatiotemporal evolution and efficiency, providing a theoretical reference for the green development and coordinated management of urban agglomeration land.

Research on the Dilemma and Countermeasures of Digital Empowerment for Emergency Management in Super Large Cities

This paper gives a detailed introduction to the current difficulties faced by digital empowerment for emergency management in super-large cities from three aspects: difficulty in data sharing and integration, high application threshold of digital empowerment technology for emergency management, and inability of emergency response speed to meet actual needs. According to the three aspects of strengthening the sharing and integration of data, actively introducing new technologies and improving the application ability of technologies, and optimizing the specific process of emergency response, the corresponding analysis of the countermeasures of digital empowerment in emergency management of super large cities is made, and the importance of solving the dilemma of digital empowerment in emergency management of super large cities is explained.

Case Study on River Pollution of Pune City and Waste Management

Case Study on River Pollution of Pune City and Waste Management