Management Of Hypertension Research Articles

“Aprocitentan in hypertension management: clinical efficacy, safety, and future prospects”

Hypertension (HTN) is a prevalent medical condition characterized by systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 130 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 80 mm Hg. In 2010, the global prevalence of hypertension was 31.1%, with higher rates in men and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The etiology of primary hypertension involves neurohumoral, renal, metabolic, genetic, and environmental factors, with the kidneys playing a significant role in long-term blood pressure regulation. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor, contributes to hypertension by affecting salt-water balance and promoting vascular remodeling. Hypertension often presents without symptoms, leading to complications such as heart failure, stroke, and renal failure if untreated. Common treatment options include angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), calcium channel blockers (CCBs), and diuretics. Aprocitentan, a novel dual endothelin receptor antagonist, has shown promise in reducing blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension. Clinical trials, including the Phase 3 PRECISION study, demonstrated its efficacy and long-term control. However, Aprocitentan’s use is associated with safety concerns, such as hepatotoxicity, fluid retention, and embryo-fetal toxicity, necessitating careful monitoring. Aprocitentan represents a significant advancement in hypertension management, offering a new therapeutic option for patients with uncontrolled hypertension, although vigilant monitoring and informed decision-making are essential to mitigate potential risks and ensure optimal outcomes.

Unintended Consequences of Follow-Up Care: Patient Experiences with Hypertension Management in Chinese Community Nursing

ABSTRACT Purpose Community follow-up care is essential for managing hypertension, with Chinese community nurses playing a pivotal role in sustaining long-term management. However, little research has examined how rigid or inappropriate care approaches may inadvertently cause patient discomfort. This study addresses this gap by exploring the unintended consequences of follow-up practices among community nurses caring for hypertensive patients in China. Design A qualitative descriptive study. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 hypertensive patients in Shenzhen between June and August 2024. Data were analyzed using iterative thematic analysis. Findings Three themes emerged. First, standardized follow-up protocols often clashed with patients’ individual needs, leading to frustration with the rigid, one-size-fits-all approach. Second, patients experienced emotional distress, feeling alienated by impersonal, task-oriented nurse communication. Third, health education communication breakdowns were prevalent, with patients finding vague lifestyle recommendations impractical and difficult to apply. Conclusions This study uncovers overlooked complexities in follow-up interactions, critiques the rigidity of current protocols, and challenges the predominantly positive perception of standardized follow-up care. Clinical Evidence Findings underscore the need for training programs to equip community nurses with patient-centered care skills, emphasizing effective communication and personalized health education to improve patient engagement and clinical outcomes in hypertension management.

The efficacy and safety of low-dose triple combination for hypertension treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Recently, Low-dose triple single-pill combinations (LDTC) have become a promising option for managing hypertension. This review evaluates LDTC's effectiveness and safety versus standard care, monotherapy, and placebo for blood pressure (BP) control. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, WOS, Scopus, and Cochrane from inception to September 2024. The analysis presented risk ratios (RR) for dichotomous outcomes and mean differences (MD) for continuous outcomes, with 95% confidence intervals (CI). PROSPERO ID: CRD42024595331. We identified five eligible trials with a total of 1,709 patients. LDTC had a higher rate of achieving BP < 140/90 at 4 to 6weeks (wk) (RR: 1.56; CI: 1.41, 1.72; p < 0.01) and at 8 to 12 wk (RR: 1.43; CI: 1.31, 1.57; P < 0.01). Additionally, LDTC significantly reduced the automated office systolic BP at 4 to 6 wk (MD: -8.80; CI: -10.16, -7.44; p < 0.01), 8 to 12 wk (MD: -8.30; CI: -11.18, -5.42; P < 0.01), and at 24 wk (MD: -6.94; CI: -10.56, -3.32; P < 0.01). However, LDTC indicated an increased rate of hypokalemia (RR: 2.25; CI: 1.50, 3.38; P < 0.01), with no difference between both groups in total adverse events (AEs) (P = 0.44), serious AEs (P = 0.79), treatment discontinuation due to AEs (P = 0.91), and the AEs of special interest (P = 0.54). LDTC therapy is effective and safe for hypertension management but poses potassium depletion. Further large-scale studies are essential to confirm its clinical benefits.

Pediatric Primary Care Physicians’ Perceptions of, and Processes for, Pediatric Blood Pressure Screening, Follow-Up, and Hypertension Management

Background/Objectives: Pediatric hypertension is an important and impactful condition. The 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics clinical practice guidelines provide recommendations for identifying and managing this condition within primary care. However, the perspectives and self-described practices of physicians are largely absent in the current evidence base. We aim to fill this gap through our qualitative investigation of physicians’ perceptions and practices related to the screening, follow-up, and management of primary pediatric hypertension. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with pediatric and family medicine physicians from the largest healthcare system in central Massachusetts. The interviews explored physicians’ perceptions, and practices related specifically to pediatric blood pressure screening, follow-up for high blood pressures, and management of primary hypertension. We used rapid qualitative analysis to synthesize data into the resulting themes. Results: Eleven interviews were conducted. Resulting themes included: (1) physicians are generally concerned about pediatric hypertension and familiar with guidelines, but other concerns often take precedence, (2) blood pressure screening occurs mainly during yearly well visits, (3) physicians do not trust high blood pressure readings, (4) follow-up after high blood pressure readings varies, and (5) primary care physicians typically refer to specialists for hypertension management. Conclusions: This study expands current literature by providing salient context to the state of pediatric blood pressure screening, follow-up, and primary hypertension management after the 2017 guidelines among primary care physicians affiliated with an academic medical center. Our findings related to physicians’ trust in electronic health record flags and the utility of follow-up by school nurses warrant further investigation.

A Game Changer for Resistant Hypertension: The Rise of Aprocitentan.

Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), and a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality. In particular, resistant hypertension (rHTN), defined as blood pressure that remains elevated despite treatment with at least three antihypertensive agents including a diuretic, continues to be a major pharmacotherapeutic challenge. Traditional antihypertensive drugs often fail in patients with rHTN, underscoring the need for novel therapies. This is a brief mini-review of aprocitentan, a new drug that promises a glimmer of hope for rHTN patients. This drug is a dual endothelin (ET) receptor antagonist that blocks both ETA and ETB receptors. Given that these two receptors are critical players in vasotone regulation, antagonizing them, such as by aprocitentan, would be expected to significantly reduce blood pressure in patients with rHTN. Indeed, the PRECISION clinical trial demonstrated aprocitentan's superior effectiveness in reducing blood pressure in resistant patients, and the effects were sustained. Aprocitentan has been recently FDA-approved, marking a major milestone in hypertension management, offering hope for patients with difficult-to-treat hypertension.

Assessment of Blood Pressure Control Status Among Hypertensive Patients Attending Rwandan District Hospital NCD Clinics: A Retrospective Follow-Up Study

BackgroundHypertension is a major public health issue and a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We assessed blood pressure (BP) control among adult hypertensive patients attending non-communicable disease (NCD) clinics in five Rwandan district hospitals.MethodsWe extracted data on hypertensive management from five Rwandan district hospitals from June 2016 to August 2021. BP control was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) < 90 mmHg measured within the last four months. We performed statistical analysis using chi-square tests and multivariate regression analyses with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsBlood pressure control was achieved in 41.5% of hypertensive patients (n = 438/1,055). The majority were aged > 60 years (mean age 62; n = 663/1,055; 62.8%), and women, with approximately three-quarters of patients (n = 796/1,055; 75.5%) had a BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 Kg/m2 and the majority (n = 843/1,055; 79.9%) resided in rural districts. More than half (n = 585/1,055; 55.5%) were taking two antihypertensive medications. Factors significantly associated with uncontrolled BP included BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (p < 0.001), use of Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (p = 0.01), use of four antihypertensive drugs (p = 0.013), and missing an NCD clinic appointment (p < 0.001).ConclusionsBP control rates among hypertensive patients attending NCD clinics remain low. Strengthening patient counseling, encouraging physical activity, and improving medication adherence are critical. Building the capacity of healthcare staff at both hospital and health centre levels is vital to improving hypertension management in NCD clinics.

Application of Home Blood Pressure Monitoring in Hypertension Management

Hypertension is a common disease both globally and in Taiwan that poses significant health risks. According to Taiwan's Health Promotion Administration, abnormal blood pressure is prevalent in up to 80% of the adult population aged 65 and above. Hypertension is associated with serious health issues such as cerebrovascular diseases, renal failure, and cardiovascular diseases, and ranks as the seventh leading cause of death in Taiwan. The diagnostic criteria for hypertension have been lowered to 130/80 mmHg. Regular and continuous blood pressure monitoring is crucial in hypertension management. Studies have demonstrated that home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) offers significant advantages, providing accurate and long-term data on blood pressure variations, avoiding the white-coat effect, and showing a stronger correlation with cardiovascular events. HBPM not only aids in the detection and management of hypertension but also enhances patient medication adherence. Diagnosing and long-term monitoring for hypertension are recommended in 2022 Taiwan Hypertension Treatment Guidelines. The purpose of this paper is to explore the evolution of hypertension diagnostic criteria and the importance of HBPM in hypertension management, emphasizing how HBPM should be applied in diagnosis and treatment. Also, the procedures for HBPM are introduced to help healthcare professionals acquire accurate nursing guidance information. The authors hope these help nursing colleagues better understand the advantages of HBPM in hypertension management and to increase their competence in teaching patients to self-monitor their blood pressure at home to improve the overall health management of hypertensive patients through HBPM.

Management of portal hypertension in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Management of portal hypertension in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Consumption of fruits, vegetables, and nuts influences the association between serum uric acid and hypertension in Korean adults: A nationwide survey (KNHANES 2016-2021).

This study investigated the influence of dietary intake on the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and the risk of hypertension. Data from the 7th and 8th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally representative survey, were analyzed. A total of 19,140 adults aged 19-64 years were included. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24-hour recall method. SUA levels were measured using a Hitachi Automatic Analyzer 7600-210. Hyperten-sion was defined as a systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, or the use of antihypertensive medication. Statistical analyses included generalized linear regression, Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel analysis, and multivariate logistic regression. The highest SUA quartile (Q4) had an odds ratio (OR) of 1.68 (95% CI: 1.41-1.99) for hypertension compared to the lowest quartile (Q1). Additionally, the association between elevated SUA levels and increased hypertension risk was stronger in participants who consumed fewer fruits (OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.44-2.21), vegetables (1.80, 1.43-2.25), nuts (1.87, 1.51-2.33), and milk (2.20, 1.73-2.79). The ORs (95 % CI) for the highest SUA quartile on hypertension were 1.68 (1.39-2.04), 1.35 (1.13-1.62), and 1.89 (1.57-2.27) in those consuming more seafood, meat, and alcohol, respectively. Reduced intake of fruits, vegetables, nuts, and milk, and increased consumption of seafood and alcohol, exacerbates the positive association between SUA levels and the risk of hypertension. These findings suggest dietary modifications as a potential strategy for hypertension prevention and management.

Medicinal plants as alternatives for the management of hypertension and diabetes in Nigeria: Analysis of the structured interview of Nigerian patients

Medicinal plants as alternatives for the management of hypertension and diabetes in Nigeria: Analysis of the structured interview of Nigerian patients

A Comprehensive Review on Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery System and Their Role for Management of Hypertension.

The current global epidemic of hypertension is not a disease in and of itself but rather a significant risk factor for serious cardiovascular conditions such as peripheral artery disease, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Although many medications that work through various mechanisms of action are available on the market in conventional formulations to treat hypertension, these medications face significant difficulties with their bioavailability, dosing, and associated side effects, which significantly reduces the effectiveness of their therapeutic interventions. Numerous studies have shown that nanocarriers and nanoformulations can minimize the toxicity associated with high doses of the drug while greatly increasing the drug's bioavailability and reducing the frequency of dosing. <P> This review sheds light on the difficulties posed by traditional antihypertensive formulations and highlights the necessity of oral nanoparticulate systems to solve these issues. Because hypertension has a circadian blood pressure pattern, chronotherapeutics can be very important in treating the condition. On the other hand, nanoparticulate systems can be very important in managing hypertension.

Innovative buccal film delivery system for hypertension: Combining candesartan and hydrochlorothiazide.

This study explores the development of buccal films as an innovative drug delivery system for hypertension management, combining candesartan cilexetil (CC) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). Utilizing a solvent casting technique, films were prepared with various polymers, including PVA, PVP, and CMC Na, and enhanced with plasticizers to improve solubility and bioavailability. The films were evaluated for physicochemical and mechanical properties, disintegration time, and drug content uniformity. Results demonstrated that the films were visually uniform, with excellent folding endurance and a neutral pH. The formulation containing PVA, PVP, and CMC Na exhibited the fastest disintegration rate and superior bioadhesion. The use of Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) confirmed the miscibility of the drugs within the polymeric matrix, ensuring effective delivery. This novel formulation offers significant advantages by improving patient compliance and bypassing first-pass metabolism, presenting a promising alternative for hypertension treatment.

Rationale and design for Healthy Hearts in Manufacturing (HHM): A pragmatic single-arm hybrid effectiveness-implementation study for hypertension management and tobacco cessation

Rationale and design for Healthy Hearts in Manufacturing (HHM): A pragmatic single-arm hybrid effectiveness-implementation study for hypertension management and tobacco cessation

Preclinical toxicity evaluation of the novel anti-hypertensive compound KSD179019.

The Secretin receptor (SCTR) presents a promising path for hypertension management, with KSD179019 as identified as a Positive Allosteric Modulator (PAM) of SCTR, demonstrating anti-hypertensive effects in animal models. Our objective was to comprehensively evaluate the potential toxicity of KSD179019 through in vitro and in vivo investigations. Initial in vitro studies showed minimal toxicity in liver and kidney cells and non-mutagenicity in bacterial assays. A 14-day acute toxicity test indicated an LD50 over 5000mg/kg body weight, suggesting a safe profile, yet necessitating further in vivo analysis before progressing to human trials. Following OECD protocols, we conducted sub-chronic (90 days) and chronic (180 days) toxicity studies in male and female C57 mice at various dosages. These included comprehensive hematological, biochemical, macroscopic, urinalysis, and histopathological examinations. The sub-chronic study reported minimal toxicity except at the highest doses (700 and 1000mg/kg), while the chronic study suggested a no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) at 250mg/kg with limitations. QSAR analysis supported the non-mutagenic nature of KSD179019. KSD179019 demonstrated a favorable general toxicity profile at a dose of 250mg/kg in a 180-day chronic testing study. However, further preclinical investigations, including assessments of in vivo mutagenicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity, and carcinogenicity, are required to comprehensively establish its safety profile.

Exploring hypertension-linked diseases: a comprehensive review of innovative drug combinations with enhanced therapeutic potential.

Hypertension, a prevalent cardiovascular condition affecting a substantial portion of the global population, remains a formidable health challenge associated with a multitude of complications. This review article provides a comprehensive examination of hypertension, its various complications, and the emergence of a novel management technique that shows promising potential in transforming the therapeutic landscape. Over the years, conventional treatment approaches, encompassing lifestyle modifications, dietary interventions, and pharmacotherapy, have been the mainstay in managing hypertension. However, these strategies fall short in achieving optimal blood pressure control and preventing complications in a significant number of patients. Consequently, the medical community has ventured into exploring innovative management techniques to tackle this unmet medical need. The focal point of this review centers on the emergence of a new management technique for hypertension that exhibits promise in preclinical and clinical studies. The latest research findings shed light on the efficacy and safety of this innovative approach, which encompasses pharmaceutical agents, medical devices, and non-invasive interventions. Through critical analysis and discussion, we explore the potential impact of these novel strategies on hypertension management and patient outcomes. In conclusion, this review article provides a comprehensive overview of hypertension, its complications, and the promising emergence of innovative management techniques. By acknowledging the complexity of hypertension and the potential of new therapeutic avenues, we aspire to pave the way for improved patient care, enhanced quality of life, and ultimately, the mitigation of hypertension-related morbidity and mortality.

Nanoparticles in Renal Hypertension Therapy: Advances, Mechanisms, and Future Perspectives

Renal hypertension, a secondary form of hypertension stemming from kidney dysfunction, poses significant health burdens due to its association with cardiovascular complications and end-stage renal disease (Goldblatt, 1934; Bakris, 2021). Current therapeutic strategies often rely on antihypertensive drugs, but these are limited by suboptimal bioavailability, systemic side effects, and lack of targeted action (Go et al., 2013). These limitations underscore the need for innovative treatment modalities. Nanotechnology, particularly nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have surfaced as an innovative approach revolutionary approach to address these challenges by enabling precise, targeted therapy with improved efficacy and reduced adverse effects (Langer &amp; Peppas, 2021). Nanoparticles exhibit unique properties such as the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, customizable surface modifications, and the capacity to deliver therapeutic agents directly to renal tissues have made nanoparticles a promising approach (Maeda, 2015). Significant progress in this domain includes the creation of lipid-based carriers, polymeric systems, metallic nanostructures, and inorganic nanoplatforms. Among these, lipid-based systems, including liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles, stand out for their versatility and efficiency, facilitating effective drug encapsulation and sustained release, while polymeric carriers like PLGA nanoparticles enhance drug stability and control release profiles (Wang et al., 2018; Patel et al., 2020). Metallic nanoparticles, including gold and silver systems, offer the advantage of anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties, while mesoporous silica nanoparticles enable high drug loading capacity and renal-targeted delivery (Zhang et al., 2021; Xiao et al., 2022). Clinical translation of these technologies remains a work in progress, yet preclinical studies reveal their promise in hypertension management. Functionalized nanoparticles delivering ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and nitric oxide donors have demonstrated superior outcomes in animal models by improving renal perfusion and endothelial function while reducing systemic toxicity (Singh et al., 2019; Zhou et al., 2020). Further integration of artificial intelligence and computational modeling is paving the way for optimized nanoparticle design, enhancing their therapeutic precision and scalability (Farokhzad et al., 2017). Despite promising advancements, significant challenges persist. These include concerns regarding biocompatibility, toxicity, large-scale manufacturability, and compliance with regulatory requirements (Kinnear et al., 2021). Bridging these gaps through interdisciplinary collaboration and innovative research is imperative for successful clinical translation. Nanoparticle systems hold immense potential for transforming renal hypertension treatment, providing safer and more effective therapeutic options while minimizing healthcare burdens associated with chronic disease management.

Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of hypertension for Korean children and adolescents: the Korean Working Group of Pediatric Hypertension

Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of hypertension for Korean children and adolescents: the Korean Working Group of Pediatric Hypertension

Long-Term Blood Pressure Trends After a Remote Hypertension Intervention: A Secondary Analysis of the Digital Care Transformation: Remotely Delivered Hypertension Management Program.

Hypertension is a major cardiovascular risk factor, yet traditional care often results in suboptimal blood pressure (BP) control at the population level. We implemented a remote hypertension management program that monitored home BP and titrated medications per algorithm. This study assessed the program's long-term effects by examining participants' office BP up to 42 months post-enrollment. Participants of the remote hypertension program were categorized into 4 groups: (1) enrolled-maintenance (achieved goal home BP of ≤130/80 mm Hg), (2) enrolled-early exit (left before achieving goal BP), (3) education-only (lifestyle modifications and medications compliance), and (4) white coat hypertension group (high office BP but normal home BP). Office BP readings of participants were collected up to 42 months post-enrollment. A linear mixed-effects regression model estimated mean BP levels and studied factors associated with above-goal systolic BP in the maintenance group. Office BP readings from 3601 participants (mean age, 61±11 years; 57% female; 60% white; 52% atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease) were extracted from electronic health records and analyzed. All groups sustained office BP below their qualifying values (P<0.001) over 42 months. In the maintenance group, 89.7% of participants maintained systolic BP at goal, compared with 63.5% in the early exit group, 69.4% in the education-only group, and 90.7% in the white coat hypertension group. Age >50 years was associated with above-goal systolic BP in the maintenance group. Participants who achieved BP control through the remote hypertension program maintained goal systolic BP in 90% of cases up to 42 months post-enrollment. These findings highlight the long-term benefits of remote, intensive management programs for effective hypertension control.

Community-based model for management and follow-up by non-physician healthcare workers to improve awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension: The COTRACO study protocol.

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide, with a significantly higher burden in low- and middle-income countries. Hypertension, a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, remains under-diagnosed and poorly controlled, especially in regions such as Latin America. The HOPE-4 study demonstrated that the involvement of non-physician health workers (NPHWs), the use of standardized treatment algorithms, the provision of free antihypertensive drugs and home follow-up can significantly improve hypertension control and reduce cardiovascular risk, as demonstrated in Colombia and Malaysia. On this basis, the COTRACO study aims to address the barriers to hypertension treatment in low- and middle-income countries by implementing a similar standardized treatment approach delivered by non-specialist health workers. The COTRACO study is a quasi-experimental, parallel-group, non-randomized, before-and-after study. A community-based model will be implemented in 600 patients in Colombia and the Dominican Republic, involving NPHWs to: 1) apply standardized treatment algorithms, 2) promote adherence to healthy lifestyles, and 3) provide standardized pharmacological treatment. Propensity Score Matching will be used to select 300 patients in Chile and 1200 in Spain for comparison with standard care in these populations. The primary outcome at 12 months of follow-up is the percentage of patients achieving controlled hypertension (defined as systolic BP<140mmHg and diastolic BP<90mmHg, or<130mmHg, and diastolic BP<80mmHg for diabetic patients), ensuring it is not inferior to that achieved in the control countries. Secondary outcomes include changes in BP levels, cholesterol levels, BMI, handgrip strength, waist-to-hip ratio, smoking status, Interheart risk score, diet, and physical activity at 6 and 12 months. If this model demonstrates superior outcomes compared to usual care, it is recommended that health authorities in low- and middle-income regions adopt and implement this approach. Using non-medical health professionals, standardized treatment algorithms and free access to antihypertensive medications, these regions can significantly improve awareness, diagnosis and management of hypertension. This strategy has the potential to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, thereby improving overall public health outcomes.

The Effect of Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) on Blood Pressure Reduction in Hypertensive Patients in Pondok Ranggon, East Jakarta

Background: Hypertension is defined as an increase in blood pressure above 140 mmHg systolic and 90 mmHg diastolic. The prevalence of hypertension in the DKI Jakarta Province recorded 923,451 cases in 2021. Hypertension management often focuses primarily on pharmacological treatments, highlighting the need for non-pharmacological therapies without side effects, such as Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) therapy. Objectives: This study aims to examine the effect of EFT therapy on reducing blood pressure. Methods: This study utilized a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group approach. The study population consisted of 16 individuals, with 8 respondents in the hypertension group and 8 respondents in the control group. Results: The analysis showed a p-value of 0.025 (p-value ≤ 0.05) for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure before and after the intervention, indicating that EFT therapy significantly affects blood pressure reduction. Conclusion: Regular EFT therapy has been proven to effectively reduce blood pressure over seven days of intervention.