Expensive Management Research Articles

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОЦЕНКИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ УПРАВЛЕНЧЕСКИХ РАСХОДОВ

Methodological support for evaluating the effectiveness of management expenses has been im-proved – an indicator of managerial productivity has been proposed and tested – net profit per one ruble of expenses for the remuneration of managerial personnel

Diversity and evolution of transposable elements in the plant-parasitic nematodes

BackgroundTransposable elements (TEs) are mobile DNA sequences that propagate within genomes, occupying a significant portion of eukaryotic genomes and serving as a source of genetic variation and innovation. TEs can impact genome dynamics through their repetitive nature and mobility. Nematodes are incredibly versatile organisms, capable of thriving in a wide range of environments. The plant-parasitic nematodes are able to infect nearly all vascular plants, leading to significant crop losses and management expenses worldwide. It is worth noting that plant parasitism has evolved independently at least three times within this nematode group. Furthermore, the genome size of plant-parasitic nematodes can vary substantially, spanning from 41.5 Mbp to 235 Mbp. To investigate genome size variation and evolution in plant-parasitic nematodes, TE composition, diversity, and evolution were analysed in 26 plant-parasitic nematodes from 9 distinct genera in Clade IV.ResultsInterestingly, despite certain species lacking specific types of DNA transposons or retrotransposon superfamilies, they still exhibit a diverse range of TE content. Identification of species-specific TE repertoire in nematode genomes provides a deeper understanding of genome evolution in plant-parasitic nematodes. An intriguing observation is that plant-parasitic nematodes possess extensive DNA transposons and retrotransposon insertions, including recent sightings of LTR/Gypsy and LTR/Pao superfamilies. Among them, the Gypsy superfamilies were found to encode Aspartic proteases in the plant-parasitic nematodes.ConclusionsThe study of the transposable element (TE) composition in plant-parasitic nematodes has yielded insightful discoveries. The findings revealed that certain species exhibit lineage-specific variations in their TE makeup. Discovering the species-specific TE repertoire in nematode genomes is a crucial element in understanding the evolution of genomes in plant-parasitic nematodes. It allows us to gain a deeper insight into the intricate workings of these organisms and their genetic makeup. With this knowledge, we are gaining a fundamental piece in the puzzle of understanding the evolution of these parasites. Moreover, recent transpositions have led to the acquisition of new TE superfamilies, especially Gypsy and Pao retrotransposons, further expanding the diversity of TEs in these nematodes. Significantly, the widely distributed Gypsy superfamily possesses proteases that are exclusively associated with parasitism during nematode-host interactions.These discoveries provide a deeper understanding of the TE landscape within plant-parasitic nematodes.

Employment of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Classroom Environments to Improve Financial Education in Secondary School Students

Financial education is considered an essential skill that enables students to effectively manage their economic resources. However, it is still at an embryonic stage in several countries, and the ability of young people to apply financial education in life contexts has not substantially improved. To address these challenges, this study proposes and evaluates a novel approach to improve financial education among high school students by using generative artificial intelligence tools. Following a quasi-experimental design, we randomly assigned a total of 110 high school students to two conditions: an experimental group that participated in learning experiences under the financial education approach using artificial intelligence tools such as ChatGPT and a control group that engaged in the same learning activities following the traditional teaching approach. The results of the Mann-Whitney U test indicate that there are significant differences between the scores of the experimental group and the control group (p=1.64E-19<0.05, group experimental=82.92> group control=28.08), demonstrating the effectiveness of the generative artificial intelligence approach in enhancing financial education compared to the traditional approach. Furthermore, the Kruskal-Wallis test revealed a significance p-value of less than 0.05 (p=0.000935<0.05), indicating that the use of AI significantly improves the five indicators of financial education according to the post-test evaluation phase of the experimental group. On the other hand, Dunn's test for multiple comparisons reveals a significantly greater influence of the innovative approach using artificial intelligence in the following dimensions: Financial Planning Actions, Financial Analysis Actions, Financial Behavior, and Strategic Expense Management; however, the Investment Initiative dimension shows a significantly lesser influence ( =103.46). The implementation of artificial intelligence in the classroom to promote student learning is favored by innovative approaches to pedagogical action. In this way, from the classroom, we can address the lack of skills and financial education in our students. Received: 11 December 2023 / Accepted: 19 March 2024 / Published: 5 May 2024

Categorizing agricultural crops using unmanned aerial vehicle images: An in-depth review

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology has been employed widely in the past several years to increase agricultural output while decreasing labor-intensive tasks, inspection times and crop management expenses. They can quickly cover enormous regions in which being utilized more often to gather important data for a variety of precision agricultural applications, such as crop/plant categorization. In particular, the use of UAVs for managing pressures such as water, illnesses, malnourishment and pests has been rising in regard to tracking and evaluating the health of plants, agriculture and woods. With an emphasis on the processes employed to extract the data from images taken during the missions, this article provides a critical summary of the major developments in the field. A review of the main investigation gaps that need to be filled and the obstacles that have been addressed is presented, along with a few proposals for further study, based on data from over 55 published studies as well as our findings. Ultimately, this review offers a thorough assessment of the state of crop classification using UAV footage, providing insights into the field; accomplishments, difficulties and potential future paths.

Does digital transformation contribute to improving financing efficiency? Evidence and implications for energy enterprises in China

The high penetration of digitalization has emerged as a crucial driving force in enhancing financing efficiency across global enterprises. However, few studies have explored the potential effects of digital transformation on enterprises' financing efficiency, wherein the financing system is composed of fund procurement and application stages. Under such background, this study constructs a novel network DEA model with dominance probability and adjusted utility to analyze the multiple-dimensional performance of the financing system. Then an empirical econometric model is developed from the theoretical analysis and applied to Chinese energy enterprises for the period 2015-2021. The main findings are summarized as follows. First, our research demonstrates that digital transformation can significantly increase financing efficiency, with fund procurement identified as the lagging stage to efficiency improvement. Second, when considering the heterogeneous analysis, digital transformation is particularly effective in alleviating financing constraints and enhancing operating performance for clean energy enterprises. Finally, with regard to the mechanism's explorations, digital transformation increases enterprises' financing efficiency by reducing the ownership concentration and management expense rate. These findings provide an empirical foundation for the advancement of digital transformation, and also hold significant implications for narrowing financing efficiency gaps across energy enterprises.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ЗАСАД УПРАВЛІННЯ ДОХОДАМИ ТА ВИТРАТАМИ МИСЛИВСЬКИХ ГОСПОДАРСТВ

Formulation of the problem. The article is devoted to the study of the problems of management of expenses and incomes of hunting farms. The topicality of the research topic is due to the difficult financial situation of enterprises in the industry. The aim of the research is to establish the basic principles of the formation of income and expenses of hunting farms. The object of the research is a set of factors that affect the efficiency indicators and costs of enterprises. Methods used in the research: analysis and synthesis, grouping, observation and comparison, empirical and hypothetical-deductive. Hypothesis: a complex approach to the formation of the principles of improving the management of income and expenses of hunting enterprises will allow to ensure effective activity and sustainable development. Presenting main material. Ensuring a balance between hunting and conservation of natural resources is a key task for the further development of hunting. formation of expenses and income of hunting enterprises is the basis of any economic activity. expenditure is a supporting aspect of activity and is an important task for practitioners and scientists. The proposed comprehensive approach to the formation of the principles of income and expense management consists of budgeting, systematic analysis of expenses, inventory control, monitoring of activity indicators, income diversification, and marketing. It should create a basis for effective management of income and expenses of hunting enterprises. Originality and practical significance of the research. The presented approach is a promising management strategy. It should create conditions for financial and ecological stability, balance of costs and income of hunting farms. Conclusions and prospects significance of the research. Ensuring a balance between hunting and conservation of natural resources is a key task for the further development of hunting, therefore the issue of cost and income formation is the basis of their activity. Prospective for further development are the issues of ensuring effective management of costs and revenues of hunting farms as objects of tourist business.

Design and Implementation of a Tailored Dealer Management System (DMS) for the Automotive Industry

This paper presents a thorough investigation into the design and implementation of a Dealer Management System tailored for the automotive industry. The DMS is intended to streamline after-sales processes such as inventory and expense management, service order creation, and financial data monitoring. The system integrates with a variety of other platforms, including ERP, CRM, and payment systems, which improves collaboration between dealers and distributors. The architecture of DMS, known as Copilot Next, is detailed, with a focus on the backend, frontend, and integration components. Sentinet and Dell Boomi are integration tools that allow for seamless connectivity with other systems. The findings show that the DMS effectively meets the needs of multiple vehicle brands, improves part ordering accuracy with AI tools, and ensures data consistency across systems. This study offers useful insights into the design and implementation of a DMS that can significantly improve dealership operations and customer service in the automotive industry.

Exploring the Bookkeeping Practices of Family-owned Business: A Case Study of Carriaga Traders Mart

Carriaga Traders Mart (CTM), an established retail business, has transitioned from a small grocery store to a thriving enterprise, offering a diverse array of affordable products. Their sustained success is attributed to meticulous bookkeeping practices. This study explores how a family-owned business can effectively implement bookkeeping practices to address unique bookkeeping challenges, offering valuable insights from CTM's experiences that benefit entrepreneurs, investors, and policymakers. Positive Accounting Theory (PAT) underpinned this investigation, shedding light on how economic, political, market factors, and contracting considerations influence bookkeeping practices, particularly in the context of CTM. The research employed a qualitative case study approach. Through extensive interviews with key financial management personnel, it gained comprehensive insights into the company's bookkeeping and financial practices. Participants included individuals directly involved in CTM's bookkeeping and financial management, meticulously selected based on their expertise in the field. The study's findings underscored CTM's meticulous bookkeeping practices, encompassing technology-driven sales recording, rigorous expense management, and a commitment to financial transparency. The study recommends that entrepreneurs adopt advanced accounting software and technology to enhance efficiency, implement risk mitigation strategies, and prioritize cross-functional personnel training to strengthen their financial practices. For financial managers, the study suggests investing in ongoing training, diversifying financial tools and methods, and emphasizing skill development to navigate the ever-evolving business landscape effectively. In conclusion, this research contributes to the discourse on bookkeeping practices, bridging theoretical insights from PAT with practical knowledge from CTM. It underscores the importance of a versatile and adaptive approach to bookkeeping practices in real-world business settings.

Farmer’s perception on Chinese citrus fruit fly (CFFs) and its management in Solukhumbu and Sindhuli district of Nepal

This study conducted between January and June 2022 aimed to assess the impact of precipitation on Bactrocera minax, a citrus pest, in Nepal's Solukhumbu and Sindhuli districts. Primary data were gathered from 84 respondents using pre-tested interview schedules, focal group discussions (FGD), and key informant interviews (KII), while secondary information was collected through literature review. The results highlighted the Chinese citrus fruit fly as a significant citrus pest causing fruit drop, particularly impacting Mandarin cultivation after sweet orange displacement. Farmers in Sindhuli exhibited greater motivation and trust in citrus cultivation compared to those in Solukhumbu. Notably, the fruit drop was lower (4.33%) in Sindhuli where the Area-wide Management Program (AWCP) utilizing protein bait and field sanitation was applied, in contrast to Solukhumbu where fruit drop was higher (35.5%), suggesting the effectiveness of AWCP. The PMAMP Sindhuli super zone played a direct role in the study, with respondents in Sindhuli demonstrating higher awareness of Chinese citrus fruit flies and AWCP. Technical and financial support for citrus cultivation was also more prevalent in Sindhuli. Furthermore, the study found that the majority of respondents perceived protein bait (AWCP) as the most straightforward, effective, and expensive management method, despite its limited application in Solukhumbu. This study underscores the importance of AWCP in mitigating citrus pest infestation, particularly in areas with high precipitation, and emphasizes the need for broader adoption of effective management strategies in citrus cultivation regions.

Enhancing Customer Retention within Malaysia Banking: Exploring the Impact of Relationship Marketing, Service Quality, Price, and Mediating Role of Satisfaction

The value of Customer Retention as the primary goal is to cultivate a loyal customer base that continually generates revenue through repeat transactions. The merger undertaken by the bank has resulted in a more extensive customer base, affording the opportunity for cross-selling various financial products. It is noteworthy that the performance of banks exhibited fluctuations. Remarkably, smaller banks can outperform their larger counterparts. As a result, this study aims to explore the strategies that enhance customer satisfaction by nurturing customer relationships through the perspective of Relationship Marketing. The establishment of long-term relationships emerges as a pivotal approach for banks to deliver quality services, encompassing both human and non-human interaction. Satisfaction plays a mediating role in achieving customers’ expectations in addition of the pricing strategy employed by banks, particularly the interest rates extended to customers. To obtain empirical insights, quantitative research is being conducted. Questionnaires have been distributed to customers selected at random from three distinct areas in Perak state. A total of 129 questionnaires were gathered and analyzed with SmartPLS. The outcomes were positive and supported relationship between relationship marketing and service quality in promoting retaining customer, with the two variables being mediated by satisfaction. Despite that, the linkage of pricing strategies and Customer Retention is not substantiated, and no mediation through customer satisfaction is observed. This implies that customers may be highly inclined to switch if being offered more competitive pricing. For future investigations, in the banking performance, are encouraged to explore the perspective of banks’ operation cost and management expenses.

Research on Accounting Revenue, Costs and Business Results in Some Countries around the World and Lessons Learned for Vietnamese Businesses

The article is based on the study of influencing factors, accounting models, standards, accounting work in general and characteristics of accounting for revenue, costs and business results in countries around the world gender in particular. From there, lessons learned will be drawn to help information users determine their economic benefits and make decisions appropriate to each subject's unique needs and goals. Correctly determining and providing accurate information about revenue, costs and business results contributes to improving the efficiency and business reputation of the enterprise. The important factor contributing to ensuring safety, enhancing competitiveness as well as the ability to achieve high efficiency when making business decisions to help businesses develop is thanks to good management of revenue and expenses. Costs and business results. By using the method of researching secondary documents, including documents and textbooks on accounting theory of revenue, costs and business results, on the basis of dialectical and materialist methodology. Historically, the article has used a number of different research methods such as: investigation, analysis, and systematization methods; Comprehensive method to research, evaluate and present issues related to accounting for revenue, costs and business results in countries around the world, thereby drawing lessons for businesses Vietnam.

Cooking quality of rice is a potential predictor to identify low starch digestibility rice

SummarySurge in diabetes cases and its expensive management cost are major constraints leading to reduced rice consumption. Therefore, screening of low glycaemic index (GI) rice along with better cooking quality is a cost‐effective approach for diabetes management. In 103 diverse rice germplasms analysed for starch digestibility parameters, GI was observed between 52.72 (EC 966576) and 73.46 (IC 200559), whereas resistant starch (RS) and amylose content (AC) were found in the range of 0.31–2.26% and 3.52–22.31%, respectively. On the other hand, water uptake (WU), gel consistency (GC) and alkali spreading value (ASV) were estimated to check possible linkage between these cooking quality parameters and starch digestibility. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.84, r = 0.95) was found between GI and ASV, WU. However, GC showed a significant negative correlation (r = −0.90) with GI. These cooking quality parameters can be used as an alternative approach to identify low‐starch digestibility rice.

A Comparative Performance Analysis of Non-Life Insurance in Tanzania and Kenya

This study compares the performance of non-life insurance in Tanzania and Kenya. Specifically, the study compares the Technical and Scale Efficiency (TSE) of non-life insurance in the two countries. It further explores the sources of technical inefficiency in non-life insurance in Tanzania and Kenya. The study employs Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to estimate the efficiency of the non-life insurance firms by adopting two inputs: management expenses and commission paid, while premiums written, and net investment income were used as output variables. Data were extracted from the annual reports of non-life insurance companies in Tanzania and Kenya for the years 2014-2017 (four years). The study revealed that non-life insurance firms in Tanzania were more technical and scale efficient compared to their Kenya counterparts. When technical efficiency was further decomposed into pure and scale efficiency to examine what largely caused inefficiency, it was revealed that in both Tanzania and Kenya, inefficiency is largely derived from a lack of technical efficiency, which reflects issues of innovation in the sector, inappropriate management practices, operating at sub optimal size of operation and misallocation of resources in production system. This study offers information relevant for investors and policymakers to make informed decisions in the insurance sector in both countries. It further guides insurance firms on the important inputs and proper allocation of the resources in the production system. The findings also contribute to our growing understanding of the effectiveness of non-life insurance in the insurance markets of the two nations.

Budget impact analysis for three glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist-based therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus management in Saudi Arabia

Background and Objectives This study presents a budget impact analysis (BIA) conducted in Saudi Arabia, evaluating the cost implications of adopting semaglutide, tirzepatide, or dulaglutide in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. The analysis aims to assess the individual budgetary impact of these treatment options on healthcare budgets and provide insights for decision-makers. Methods A prevalence-based BIA was developed using real-world and clinical trials data. The model considered disease epidemiology, medication prices, diabetes management expenses, cardiovascular (CV) complications costs, and weight reduction savings over a 5-year time horizon. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (OWSA, PSA) were performed to assess the robustness of the results. Results Over a 5-year period, the cumulative budget impact for semaglutide, tirzepatide, and dulaglutide were 85,923,089 USD, 169,790,195 USD, and 94,558,356 USD, respectively. Hypothetical scenarios considering price parity between semaglutide and tirzepatide are associated with financial impacts of 85,923,091 USD and 86,475,335 USD, respectively. In the public sector, semaglutide showed the lowest incidence of 3-point major adverse CV events (3P-MACE), with tirzepatide leading in weight loss and HbA1c reduction, and dulaglutide presenting the highest 3P-MACE rates and least improvements in HbA1c and weight. A breakeven analysis suggested that tirzepatide’s list price would need to be $199.91 lower than its current list price to achieve budget impact parity with semaglutide based on currently available evidence. Results from the OWSA suggested that risk reductions for CV events were key drivers of budget impact. PSA results were confirmatory of base-case analyses. Conclusions CV cost-offsets and drug acquisition considerations may make semaglutide a favorable use of resources for Saudi budget planners and decision-makers. These results were robust to assumptions regarding the list price of tirzepatide.

Management of Manufacturing Enterprises’ Overhead Expenses in the Conditions of Digitalisation in Penza Region

The article considers the problems and prospects for the functioning of business entities, the peculiarities of approaches to cost management in the course of the fourth industrial revolution.The Industry 4.0 concept implies the development of digitalization of business processes, automation and computerization of production, and intensification of R&D. However, the implementation of these tasks is hampered by the need for significant costs, the enormous deterioration of fixed assets, the difficulty of updating technological and software, and the lack of qualified specialists in the field of information and communication technologies. The aim of the study is to improve the efficiency of management of manufacturing enterprises’ overhead expenses of Penza region by finding a compromise between cost optimization and finding ways to develop and intensify innovation and digitalization. The empirical basis for this paper was drawn from research on enterprise cost management, outsourcing and digital business technologies, as reflected in the publications of the following databases: Scopus, ScienceDirect, Inderscience, Elsevier, open statistical data. The study uses bibliographic, statistical, expert, mathematical methods, abstract-logical methods, the method of analogy, induction, deduction, analysis and synthesis. It has been identified that the main obstacle to the manufacturing enterprise’s development is lack of funds, which can be overcome by an improved approach to the management of overhead expenses, which are often unreasonably high, and will continue to increase with the intensification of the digitalisation of the innovation activity. A distinctive feature of this study is the justification of outsourcing feasibility and proposal for its use as a tool for the development of manufacturing enterprises in the context of limited inner resources and a high degree of risk in development activities. The results of the study have been tested at machine-building plants of Penza region (Russia) and proved their effectiveness.

Implementasi Sistem Bagi Hasil (Paron) antara Nelayan dan Pemilik Bagan di Kelurahan Kolo Bima dalam Perspektif Syariah

The fishermen still face numerous challenges in implementing the Islamic profit-sharing system. The urgency of this research is crucial, as the implementation of this profit-sharing system ensures that the agreed-upon plans between the fishermen and the boat owners have either negative or positive impacts on the agreed-upon profit-sharing system. Most fishermen are dissatisfied with the profit outcomes that do not align with the initially agreed-upon terms. The research methodology employed in this study is phenomenology, a method that utilizes life experiences as a tool to better understand the socio-cultural, political, or historical context in which those experiences occur. This research will discuss a subject by understanding the core experiences of a phenomenon that takes place. Additionally, supplementary data such as documentation and others regarding the implementation of the profit-sharing system between boat owners and fishermen will be included. The research is conducted in the village of Kolo, Asakota Bima District. The location is situated in the coastal area, serving as the fish landing base for the fishermen. Moreover, the presence of boat owners is in close proximity to the fishermen, sharing the same location. The profit-sharing system between boat owners and fishermen in the community of Kolo, Asakota Bima District, is carried out through the paron system or the two-share system. This means that the expenses for vessel management, such as engines and nets, are borne by the boat owner, while the crew's wages are covered by the fishermen. The resulting profits are then divided, with one part going to the capital owner and the other to the fishermen, commonly known as a 1/2 sharing ratio.

Assessment of the investment attractiveness of agriculture in Russia by profitability indicators

The article evaluates the investment attractiveness of agriculture in the Russian Federation in terms of profitability of sales, assets and equity. A factor analysis of profitability indicators is performed: in the dynamics of profitability of sales, the factors of revenue, cost, commercial and management expenses are highlighted; the return on assets is presented as a model dependent on the return on sales (profit before tax) and the asset turnover ratio; factors determining the change in return on equity include (net) return on sales, asset turnover ratio and capital multiplier. It is established that the direct operational, production and economic activities of agricultural organisations of the Russian Federation are characterised by high profitability (sales) but are associated with significant capital intensity, which creates "pressure" on the values of return on assets, and excessive crediting (financial dependence), which reduces the possibility of further increasing financial profitability (return on equity).

Construction of Intelligent Financial Management Platform Based on Industry-Finance Integration

Abstract Exploring the Construction of intelligent financial management platform based on integrating industry and finance is aimed at improving enterprises’ financial efficiency and management level and realizing the efficient Integration of finance and business. This study centers on an in-depth discussion on the Construction of an intelligent financial management platform that integrates industry and finance. The study finds that integration problems between enterprise finance and business management, such as separation of information systems and insufficient performance evaluation system, lead to interdepartmental cooperation and coordination problems. The proposed intelligent financial management platform is based on ERP and CRM systems and processes data through ETL tools to achieve information sharing. The functional Construction of the platform relies on value correction and knowledge transformation of financial big data, and uses multiple linear regression models to optimize data processing. Empirical studies show that Group T has significantly improved its financial efficiency and management level through the implementation of the platform, which is reflected in the reduction of accounting personnel by 60.22% and the significant shortening of the average audit time of finance. Furthermore, fund management capability was improved, management expenses and expenses were decreased, and performance assessment was more comprehensive. The study concludes that the effective implementation of the intelligent financial management platform can significantly improve the effect of the enterprise’s industry-finance Integration, and promote the enterprise’s overall operational efficiency and competitiveness.

Factors Affecting Municipal Revenues and Expenses (Case Study: Tabriz Municipality)

The lack of a comprehensive perspective on municipal revenue sources within the framework of the country's macroeconomic system, alongside occasional interventions and the implementation of self-reliance and self-sufficiency policies for municipalities, has led to instability in the revenue sector of municipalities. The restriction of legal and reasonable avenues for generating municipal income has resulted in a heavy dependence on urban construction and the sale of excess building density. The continuation of this situation has created adverse effects and social, cultural, and infrastructural costs for urban management. Therefore, the present study aims to identify the factors affecting the revenues and expenses of Tabriz Municipality. The research is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive-analytical based on a survey method using a structural modeling approach for data collection. The statistical population of the study consists of senior, middle, and operational managers, as well as experts from Tabriz Municipality, and a standard questionnaire was used to collect data. The results showed that legal solutions, the role of stakeholder groups (Ministry of Interior), the role of stakeholder groups (private sector), and the adoption of appropriate methods and provision of automated services have a positive and significant impact on the management of municipal revenues and expenses.

Enhancing the Value of Library through Facilities Management Understanding

Leading libraries been impacted by a number of significant technological developments and trends, as well as by the difficulties presented by outside forces like the COVID-19 pandemic. The Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia has received less money from the government since 2016. Fund allocation for libraries has also decreased concurrently. The reduction on government’s funding allocation has made it difficult for the libraries in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia particularly to manage its operations and facilities, placing restrictions on book purchases and reducing its online database. In managing every facility in the libraries such Perpustakaan Sultanah Zanariah (PSZ), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia and Perpustakaan Raja Zarith Sofea (PRZS), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, the facility manager must use the available financial resources wisely. The goal of this study is to identify libraries facilities management expenses that the library’s management team can reduce. Content analysis and thematic analysis applied in this study in analysing the data gathered from interviews with 5 library staff. According to the findings of this study, both libraries provide a variety of facilities, including a lobby, room, discussion room, showroom, seminar room, meeting room, foyer, 24-hour study room, information search laboratory, database reference room, exhibition space, and audio visual room. Both libraries management expenses, which include library system maintenance, book repair, reference book purchases, database subscriptions, and expenses for purchasing and repairing computers and printers, have been identified and can be reduced accordingly by the management team. Overall, both libraries have to adapt to changing technological, social, and economic conditions while remaining committed to their mission of providing access to information, promoting lifelong learning, and fostering a sense of community.