Expenditure Management Research Articles

ВПЛИВ СТРУКТУРИ КАПІТАЛУ НА ФІНАНСОВУ СТІЙКІСТЬ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

У цій статті опрацьовано загальні підходи до визначення фінансової стійкості та означено основні тенденції в сучасних ринкових умовах господарювання. Розглянуто сутність фінансової стійкості за різними науковими підходами, на основі яких сформовано власний погляд. Висвітлено внутрішні і зовнішні чинники, що впливають на фінансову стійкість підприємства. У період нестабільності ринкових умов господарювання та індивідуальності для кожного суб’єкта господарювання за даними публічного акціонерного товариства «Малинська паперова фабрика – Вайдманн» проведено аналіз фінансової стійкості за допомогою абсолютних і відносних показників та оцінено залежність показників від структури капіталу досліджуваного підприємства. На основі проведеного аналізу запропоновано шляхи оптимізації структури капіталу, а отже, й фінансової стійкості підприємства.

SISTEM AKUNTANSI KAS KECIL MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI BERBASIS WEB PADA KOPERASI POLITEKNIK JAMBI

Jambi Polytechnic Cooperative is one of the business units engaged in photocopying documents, printing documents, and buying and selling stationery (ATK). The Jambi Polytechnic Cooperative was established with the aim of improving the academic atmosphere and making it easier for students to complete their needs in the learning and teaching process. The management of expenditure and income data on the Cooperative Petty Cash at the Jambi Polytechnic is still done manually so that the performance in the process of managing expenditure and income data is still not optimal. In order to manage data more optimally, a web-based accounting information system must be used. This research was conducted on petty cash in the Jambi Polytechnic cooperative, the petty cash accounting information system in the Jambi Polytechnic cooperative uses the imprest method or the fixed funds method, where this method is a method which is a method of filling the petty cash always in fixed amount in accordance with the amount at the time of initial formation petty cash fund. The method used by the author is data collection, analysis and designing the system based on the results of research conducted. This research resulted in an application that is equipped with a petty cash position statement and a general journal report where this report is the output of the designed application. The development of the petty cash accounting information system uses the waterfall method and the data flow model used is DFD (Data Flow Diagram), a programming language using PHP, and a MySQL database. This research resulted in a petty cash accounting information system that can be implemented in the Jambi Polytechnic Cooperative.

Information and analytical support for financial results management in companies

Importance. Financial results are a significant indicator in the assessment of efficiency of financial and economic activity, make it possible to assess the extent to which risks accepted by the company have been justified, profit creates a financial basis for the development of the organization, ensuring market competitiveness, realization of opportunities for fulfillment of social corporate obligations to employees and increase of business value in the interests of its owners. Timely analysis of revenues, expenses and factor-by-factor assessment of financial results will make it possible in the present conditions to make balanced management decisions aimed at maximizing the revenue and minimization of the expenditure component in order to ensure the company’s success.Objectives. A comprehensive author 's study of the problem of analyzing the financial results of a commercial organization, which acts as a guarantor of ensuring the long-term development of the organization in the market, an integral component of sustainability and a key area in the system of integrated economic analysis of activities.Methods. The author reveals the meaning and content of financial results and its components, conducts a comparative analysis of approaches to the essence, systematizes the information base using the accumulated practical experience. Competent and targeted analytical support for sound management decisions on the use of financial and non-financial resources would ensure the desired performance. The study of the problem used methods of logical, comparative analysis, search and systematization.Results. The author discloses theoretical aspects of analysis of financial results, provides comparative analysis of the essence of financial results, systematized information and regulatory sources, disclosed their content and peculiarities of application in practice, generalized economic interests of users.Conclusions and Relevance. It was concluded that the achievement of the positive financial result (profit) is the central direction of the top management of the organization and the result of successful current, investment and financial activities. However, in competition, the organization is not immune from receiving losses. They show management mistakes and misses in the use of mother-al- physical and monetary assets. In this regard, sound management of income and expenditure is of particular importance. The quality of the information base directly depends on the reliability of the analytical conclusions underlying the adoption of balanced management decisions. When analyzing financial results, it is essential to take into account the economic interests of users interested in the results. This would allow for the selection of a group of key performance indicators for the Organization and the optimal allocation of resources.

THE CONTRIBUTION OF ABU YUSUF'S THOUGHT: ISLAMIC ECONOMIC LAW RENEWAL IN THE PUBLIC FINANCE

This paper will specifically examine the economic legal thought of Abu Yusuf, especially in terms of Islamic public financial management. This problem is raised because it is based on the need for a reference in managing a country's finances so that a balance of economic fundamentals can occur. Management of public finances such as tax sometimes becomes a difficult problem to solve. Especially in Indonesia, what often appears is sometimes taxpayersmanipulate tax reports plus extortion from certain parties that provide guarantees to be free from legal cases. The data source in this study is the book of al-kharaj by Abu Yusuf as primary data. The style of study used is adab al mashlahah al-mu'tabarah wa al-'iqtishâd . Contextualizing the current economic reality. The findings in this study indicate that the economic thinking of Abu Yusuf prioritizes the concept of the benefit of the Ummah. The management of public finances, both concerning revenue and expenditure, the government must think about the benefit of the people. Financial management by promoting justice and balance. The implication of the findings of this study is that the management of state finances must be based on the benefit of the citizens. The indicator of all State money management is the welfare of the people. So the government in every program, must think and prioritize the benefit. Keywords : Renewal; Abu Yusuf, Public Finance.

STRENGTHENING THE BUDGET REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT OF LUANG PRABANG PROVINCE, LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC

In recent years, the management and administration of the budget in Luang Prabang province has been gradually strengthened, in which special attention has been paid to the renovation of provincial state budget revenue and expenditure management. Thanks to this, the provincial budget revenue and expenditure management has achieved some important results. However, in reality, the regular management of revenue and expenditure of the state budget in Luang Prabang province is still limited, not meeting the development needs well. The article analyzes the situation of the state budget revenue and expenditure management in Luang Prabang province in the recent time, based on which discusses some solutions to enhance the management of budget revenue and expenditure, in order to improve effective use of state budget capital, creating confidence for people in the country’s renewal process.

Digital Models of Income and Expenditure Management and Accounting

The importance and significance of digitalization determined the research objective, which is focused on reproducing the distinctive model properties of digital income and expenditure management and accounting, including the specifics of their manifestation at the level of individual organizations. The convenience of studying the material is implemented through modelling based on the representation of income and expenditure management and accounting relying on the practice of particular organizations using models. The substantial description of the digitalized model structure allowed reproducing distinctive properties of digital income and expenditure management and accounting, including the specifics of their manifestation at the level of individual organizations. The corresponding digital model is identified as an analogue router of different information capacity, based on: an interconnected system of budgets and outputs of the main processes of the enterprise; interconnected systems of accounting, management accounts and management automation. The informational capacity of a digital model depends on how complex such relationships are.

A review on the current drugs and new targets for obesity

Obesity is defined as the condition in which the Body Mass Index (BMI) of an individual is between 25 and 29.5 that is ≥30kg/m2 and is caused by the imbalance management of energy intake and expenditure. Obesity is among the most prevalent diseases in the world and approximately over 10% of the people belong to overweight group in the world and over 5% in India. Currently many drugs are used to treat or to manage obesity. But these drugs also account for several side effects. So there is an extensive need of promising drugs which can control obesity with greater efficacy and economic viability. This review focusses on the current drugs in the market used to treat obesity and also few of the new probable targets to discover drugs

Regional Aspects of Price-Dependent Management of Expenditures on Electric Power

Regional Aspects of Price-Dependent Management of Expenditures on Electric Power

Usage of specialized information systems aggregator for estimation of state expenditures (based on data of the aggregator portal of the Accounts Chamber of Russia)

Multiple digital portals of government branches and commercial structures, as well as social networks give a new perspective on the topical issues of socioeconomic development. This trend also includes digital platforms of government branches and business structures that ensure state expenditure management. The subject of this research is the state expenditures reflected in the portal of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation. The author generalizes the content of information featured on the aggregator portal of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation pertaining to state finances. Analysis is conducted on the number of the completed state contracts in accordance with the level of governance and varied ranges of value of such contracts. The article considers the regions with highest rating by share of “internal” contracts and the dynamics of monthly allocation of state subsidies. Analysis is also conducted on the number of contracts, subsidies, controllers and recipients of budgetary funds, as well as national projects budgeting of the Russian Federation. The established system of structurization of state expenditures indicates the existing in Russia architecture of formation of budgetary and extrabudgetary financing system of state obligations and national development projects. Various digital platforms of government branches necessary for managing state resources and that allow analyzing their require a certain consolidation of methodological and processing bases for assessing the efficiency of allocation of budgetary and extrabudgetary expenditures of the country. Such platforms should contribute to finding optimal ways for centralization and decentralization of budget resources, develop the channels for transfer of state funds that allow budget savings, increase the effectiveness of state control, and prevent excessive use within the system of state administration. The conclusions are reduced to the need for consolidation of methodological and processing bases for effective assessment of the usage of budgetary and extrabudgetary expenditures of the country.

Assessment of environmental, energy and economic prospective of anaerobic digestion of organic municipal solid waste in Malaysia

The continuous increase in population, higher living standards and economic development resulted in the inevitable increase of waste generation, energy consumption, carbon emissions and environmental degradation. The current average operating expenditure (OPEX) of a landfill is RM148/tonne/day for disposing municipal solid waste (MSW) which is an economic burden to the government. Thus, this study investigates the feasibility of biogas production from organic MSW as a renewable source of energy via anaerobic digestion. The economic and environmental benefits including the sales of electricity and fertilizer were investigated. Organic fraction municipal solid waste (OFMSW) was collected at Sahom landfill, Kampar. Waste composition was analyzed to determine the percentage of organic waste. Approximate and ultimate analysis were conducted to characterize the organic samples and to measure the calorific value. The biogas and bio-fertilizer yield were estimated. It was found that OFMSW consists 45% of the total MSW. Conversion of OFMSW to electricity and fertilizer via anaerobic digestion (AD) resulted in 3,274,812.51 m3/day of biogas which consists of 56.62% CH4 and 43.38% carbon dioxide. This can be resulted in 7,494.08 MWh/day of electrical energy and a daily yield of 13,013.73 tonnes of bio-fertilizer. This transforms the economic burden of solid waste management expenditures into an income generating movement.

Security Assumptions for Ubiquitous Secure Smart Grid Infrastructure using 2 Way Peg Blockchain and Fuzzy Specifications

The smart grid cyber-physical system and advanced metering infrastructure is an immensely growing term in industrial research based on the electrical power grid system and has uncovered an efficient paradigm for the power generation, transmission, and for the expenditure management as well. These systems allow home area networks and advanced metering infrastructure to communicate bi-directionally. False data injection is a new and climacteric security threat to the power grid to tamper such important data. However, these communication channels that the energy service interfaces provide two-way communication according to the central control unit. Thus, for the security and robustness of the grid, it is critical to separate the false or infected data. The existing protocol on this problem is based on state estimation which is less secure and computationally expensive. In this paper, we propose a 2-way peg blockchain security system by providing a digital signature scheme between home area network device (Smart Meter) and AMI server to get authorization, providing an infected data detection algorithm based on fuzzy rule specification and 2WP based blockchain protocol and finally infected performance reputation updating algorithm by computing the probability distribution of uncouth level to detect the infected or compromised the. We get more efficiency and security by performing a detailed analysis.

Public Financial Management Perspectives on Health Sector Financing and Resource Allocation in Ethiopia

In this paper, we discuss Ethiopia’s approach to health delivery, trends in health financing trends, focusing on the financing arrangements and expenditure management systems through which health funding is allocated from various internal and external sources. The paper reviews Ethiopia’s public financial management system to identify challenges and opportunities to improve domestic resource mobilization for health and resource allocation within the health sector. With the imminent transition away from external donor support that Ethiopia faces due to economic growth, the paper explores the sources of fiscal space for health in Ethiopia to sustain progress in the health sector through a deep dive of the sources of health financing through tax and non-tax revenues, additional borrowing, future aid prospects, and better fiscal discipline and expenditure efficiency.

УПРАВЛІННЯ ВИДАТКАМИ ДЕРЖАВНОГО БЮДЖЕТУ УКРАЇНИ

У статті досліджено сутність управління видатками державного бюджету. Видатки державного бюджету відіграють стратегічно важливе значення в політиці держави. Сьогодні в Україні існує проблема неефективного використання бюджетних коштів. Враховуючи нестабільні внутрішні та складні зовнішні геополітичні умови, в яких перебуває країна, ефективне управління використанням бюджетних коштів є пріоритетним завдання для уряду. У статті здійснено аналіз обсягу та структури видаткової частини державного бюджету у розрізі за функціональною класифікацією видатків і кредитування бюджету та за економічною класифікацією видатків бюджету. Проаналізовано динаміку основних статей видатків бюджету. Виокремлено ряд основних проблем, які перешкоджають здійсненню ефективного управління видатками державного бюджету.

MANAJEMEN KEUANGAN RUMAH TANGGA TAKMIR MASJID RUNGKUT JAYA

The goal of this research is to understand how management financial implementation work into muslim Family, especially at Takmir Rungkut Jaya Mosque. The research used descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection was results by interview and documentation. Pattern matching technique was used to perform data analytic. This technique to find the general description of financial management family work into muslim then adjusted to the implementation of sakinah finance. The result based on interviews with two households of Takmir Rungkut Jaya Mosque is both informants in research has implemented components financial management to reach sakinah finance in the life daily. The financial management component are income management main intention to worship, meet family needs, maintain self-respect for not begging, and leniency of life, and hold the principle of halal in seeking sustenance and work, and focusing on the intention of the afterlife. Expenditure Management consists of three expenditure items, household needs posts, social posts, and mosque needs posts, as well as using savings as outposts for cash inflows and expenditures, as well as household emergency funds.Keyword: sakinah finance, income management, expenditure management, household finance

ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ УЧЕТНО-АНАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ДОХОДАМИ И РАСХОДАМИ

The article presents the results of research of theoretical positions in relation to accounting and analytical categories, such as income and expenditure. In the scientific and professional community, there are many disputes and discussions on the theoretical aspects of accounting and analytical support (AAS) of income and expenditure financial management. Globalization of the economic space; 4.0 industrialization; digitalization (digital economy); nooeconomics, and other aspects, led to the need for the development of scientific theoretical thought. The purpose of this study is to develop new trajectories of financial management of income and expenditure, which is focused on the needs of management and users of accounting and analytical information. The results of the study are to expand and refine the theoretical positions in relation to the AAS financial management of income and expenditure. In the process of research of controversial and problematic issues of the financial management of income and expenditure, the methods of scientific knowledge, analysis, synthesis and specific methods of factor deterministic dependence that characterize the results of the economic entity's activity have been used. The practical and scientific significance lies in the design and further development of the theoretical positions of the AAS of financial management of income and expenditure. It should be recognized that the essence of income and expenditure from the positions of accounting and analytical categories will significantly expand the theoretical positions of the regulatory requirements of the Russian Accounting Standards (RAS), which contributes to the integration of accounting types in accordance with IFRS applied in the UAO system. In its turn, this will allow financial management to solve important problems of development of the economic entity related to the increase of profits, its calculation using different methods, depending on the goals.

Assessment of Government Expenditure Management Practices: The Case of Oromia Police College, Oromia, Ethiopia

The purpose of this study was to assess government expenditure management practice at Oromia Police College Procurement Finance and Property Management. Descriptive research method was employed to assess and describe assessment of government expenditure management practice in broad’s importance. Primary data were collected by means of survey questionnaires from Oromia Police College (employees) police officers. Interviews were also conducted with police top management and Oromia Police employers Procurement Finance and Property Management. Focus group was discussion conducted with Oromia Police College Procurement Finance and Property Management employee and who were presently police costumes. In some developing countries a weak expenditure management process that have room for a magnified request, the spending is likely to be for less priority. In these circumstances, the best reaction would be to improve expenditure budget preparation. Since expenditure management is easy at budget preparation than later during the execution of the budget or this nonfiction discussed government expenditure management and practices in Oromia Police College. The problems and controversial issue related to government expenditure management and practices are reflected in the budget preparation, approval, execution, and audit phase of expenditure management practices. Therefore, the result of this study showed that there is a problem of linking the work plan with expenditure budget preparation. It is also revealed that purchasing of goods and services is not based on the annual action plan by organization. In other word, this indicated that there is a problem of budget preparation and execution. On the other hand, In relation to budget approval, the result of this study showed that Oromia Police College has effective systems of check and balance on government expenditure. The assessment was also undertaken to check auditor’s satisfaction in relation to the support they get to conduct their task. The assessment result indicated that auditors have a problem of motivation with the financial and material support to carry out audit work to achieve their objectives. Thus, the study suggested that the program budgeting system introduced by the Oromia Regional Bureau of Finance and Economic Cooperation and Ministry of Finance and Economic Cooperation needs to be strongly considered to link the expenditure with the plan and implementation strategies.

Вопросы измерения эффективности организационной культуры в контексте управления персоналом

Introduction. The article is focused on possibilities of measuring the efficiency of organizational culture, which is relevant when planning and justifying the expenditures for personnel management. The aim of the study is to formulate an algorithm of actions which makes it possible to move from assessing the existing organizational culture to assessing the expected economic effects from measures to maintain or develop it. Methods. In the course of the research, the methods of comparative analysis, system analysis, functional analysis, desk research were used. Scientific novelty. In works devoted to measuring organizational culture, the emphasis is made on diagnosing its state, its features in any specific organizations, recorded, as a rule, on the basis of a number of well-known author’s methods. Researches on HR analytics and practical recommendations are focused on building a system of HR metrics and identifying their correlation with an organization economic performance in order to see solutions - “insights” in human resource management. At the same time, there are no works reflecting the relationship between the characteristics of organizational culture and the expected economic effects of its functioning, which would justify the necessity of expenditures for managing organizational culture for each specific organization. The article describes the possibility of transition from measuring the culture characteristics to the indicator of return on investment in human capital. Conclusions. The practice of assessing the economic efficiency of decisions related to the expenditures for organizational culture is accompanied by a number of difficulties in justifying the expected results. In our opinion, the variant of measuring the effectiveness of organizational culture described in the article has the right to exist. It should be noted that the correlations between culture indicators, HR metrics and economic effects can vary for different organizations, which is established empirically by observing changes in all indicators and their relationships over time.

ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ РАСХОДАМИ БЮДЖЕТА В ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИИ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

In the modern conditions of reforming the system of local self-government and the budget process in the municipality, timely analysis of the budget sustainability of the municipality becomes relevant, the results of which will determine the possibilities of its further social and economic development, the quality of budget planning and forecasting, as well as the effectiveness of the process of regulation and control of local budget expenditures. The level of well-being of the resident population of the municipality largely depends on how well the process of managing the budget expenditures of the municipality is organized. However, in conditions of limited sources of income and the constant increase in the needs of municipalities, transparent and efficient spending of budget funds, which directly affects the standard of living of the population, is of particular importance.Therefore, at present, one of the strategic goals of the budget policy of the municipality is to increase the efficiency of budget expenditures while optimizing their distribution and ensuring high quality of services provided. The main purpose of the work is to assess the efficiency of budget expenditure management in the city of Kursk, as well as to develop recommendations for improving the efficiency of budget expenditure management in the municipality in ensuring economic security. In article the following tasks: to analyze the budget expenditures of the city of Kursk; to assess the effectiveness of municipal programs of the city of Kursk; to consider measures for optimizing the process control of expenses of the municipal budget and to develop proposals to improve the efficiency of the budget expenditures management in the city of Kursk. The methodological basis of the study is based on a systematic approach, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis of theoretical developments and concepts of scientists in the field of evaluating the effectiveness of the process of managing budget expenditures of municipalities. The article presents and analyzes current data on the dynamics of indicators of budget expenditures of the city of Kursk and indicators that characterize the effectiveness of the management of budget expenditures of the municipality. The author identified threats to the economic security of the city of Kursk in terms of budget expenditure management, and also proposed recommendations for improving the efficiency of the budget expenditure management process in the city of Kursk. The author concluded that currently the implementation of the tasks of Presidential Decree No. 204 of May 7, 2018 is reflected at the federal, regional and municipal levels. At the moment, the process of coordinating strategic planning documents at the municipal level with the priorities of national projects, including in terms of achieving key indicators, is relevant. Any state decisions in the field of local self-government should be coordinated with the goals and objectives of the decree of the President of the Russian Federation.

МОНИТОРИНГ РАСХОДОВАНИЯ БЮДЖЕТНЫХ СРЕДСТВ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯМИ СФЕРЫ ДОРОЖНОГО СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА

In the context of the growth of the shadow economy, money laundering schemes are being improved. The most vulnerable is the budget sector and the road construction sector, which is financed mainly from the Federal budget. In this regard, the system of state external control (audit) at the macro level and the system of internal control at the micro level become not only integral components of the system of budget expenditure management, but also serve as a mechanism for implementing measures to counter the laundering of proceeds from crime, the financing of terrorism and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. The formation and functioning of an effective system of state external control and internal control in primary financial monitoring subjects will ensure timely identification of legalization risks, and will help to increase the flexibility and adaptability of the national national AML/CFT system.

Оцінка сучасного стану виконання бюджетних програм як об’єкту управління бюджетними видатками

Оцінка сучасного стану виконання бюджетних програм як об’єкту управління бюджетними видатками