Mann-Whitney Test Research Articles

Outcome of the novel description of arterial position changes after major liver resections: retrospective study.

After major liver resections, anatomical shifts due to liver parenchymal hypertrophy and organ displacement can happen. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of these anatomical changes on the main abdominal arteries (coeliac trunk and superior mesenteric artery) and on patient outcomes. All patients who underwent major liver resections (between January 2010 and July 2021) and who underwent preoperative and postoperative arterial-phase contrast-enhanced abdominal CT imaging were studied. Observed arterial position changes were classified into three groups: no position changes; class I position changes (vessel displacement with or without kinking with a vessel angle greater than 105°); and class II position changes (kinking less than or equal to 105°). The Mann-Whitney test and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare continuous variables and the chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test were used to compare categorical variables. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify the risk factors for morbidity and mortality. A total of 265 patients (149 men and median age of 59 years) were enrolled. Arterial position changes were detected in a total of 145 patients (54.7%) (99 patients (37%) with class I position changes and 46 patients (18%) with class II position changes) and were observed more often after extended resection and right-sided resection (P < 0.001). Major complications were seen in 94 patients (35%) and the rate of mortality was 15% (40 patients died). Post-hepatectomy liver failure (P = 0.030), major complications (P < 0.001), and mortality (P = 0.004) occurred more frequently in patients with class II position changes. In multivariable analysis, arterial position change was an independent risk factor for post-hepatectomy liver failure (OR 2.86 (95% c.i. 1.06 to 7.72); P = 0.038), major complications (OR 2.10 (95% c.i. 1.12 to 3.93); P = 0.020), and mortality (OR 2.39 (95% c.i. 1.03 to 5.56); P = 0.042). Arterial position changes post-hepatectomy are observed in the majority of patients and are significantly related to postoperative morbidities and mortality.

Assessment of photodynamic therapy with annatto and led for the treatment of halitosis in mouth-breathing children: Randomized controlled clinical trial.

To assess the effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) employing an annatto-based (20%) dye combined with blue LED for the treatment of halitosis in mouth-breathing children. Fifty-two children six to twelve years of age with diagnoses of mouth breathing and halitosis (score of ≥ 3 on portable breath meter) Breath Alert™ (Tanita Corporation®-Japan), were randomly allocated to two groups (n = 26). Group 1: brushing, dental floss and aPDT applied to middle third of the dorsum of the tongue. Group 2: brushing, dental floss and tongue scraper. Breath meter results before, immediately after treatment as well as seven and 30 days after treatment were compared. The hypothesis of normality in the data was discarded by the Shapiro-Wilk test (p < 0.05) and for statistical analysis the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests were used. A significant difference was found between the pre-treatment reading and all other readings (p < 0.05) in both groups, suggesting the effectiveness of the proposed treatments. No significant difference was found between the post-treatment reading and two follow-up readings, suggesting the maintenance of the effect of treatment over time (p > 0.05). However, significant differences were found between groups for all post-treatment assessments (p < 0.0001 for all comparisons), indicating greater effectiveness with aPDT. No association was found between the initial reading and the presence of coated tongue. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using annatto and blue LED proved to be a viable therapeutic option for the treatment of halitosis in mouth-breathing children.

Effectiveness of Centella Asiatica (Pegagan) Spray Gel on Perineal Wound Healing in Postpartum Women

Perineal wounds in postpartum mothers can potentially cause infections. The perineal area exposed to lochia and moisture creates an environment conducive to bacterial growth, thus hindering the wound healing process. Infections of perineal wounds can involve various types of bacteria that naturally colonize the skin and genital mucosa. The application of centella asiatica spray gel is one of the non-pharmacological methods for healing perineal wounds in postpartum mothers. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of applying centella asiatica spray gel 3 times a day with a concentration of 25% for 7 days on perineal wound healing and the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in postpartum mothers. This is a True Experimental study with a pretest–posttest control group design. Based on the inclusion criteria of second-degree perineal wounds with sutures were selected using random sampling, 17 participants to receive centella asiatica spray gel and 17 participants received standard dry-clean care. The level of wound healing was measured using the REEDA score. The growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was measured using a colony counter. REEDA score data were analyzed using the Friedman and Mann-Whitney tests, while Staphylococcus aureus growth was analyzed using the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests. Based on the average decrease in REEDA scores by 1.06, the application of centella asiatica spray gel was effective for perineal wound healing (p=0.000). There was a significant difference in the average growth of S.aureus (p=0.040) in perineal wounds of postpartum mothers, with the intervention group showing an average difference of 6.34. The application of centella asiatica spray gel 3 times a day with a concentration of 25% for 7 days was effective for perineal wound healing and reducing Staphylococcus aureus growth in postpartum mothers.

Efektivitas Terapi Bekam Titik Alkahil dan Terapi Akupuntur Terhadap Tekanan Darah pada Penderita Hipertensi di Desa Karangbong Kecamatan Pajarakan Kabupaten Probolinggo

Hypertension is a widespread health problem and is often called a "silent killer" because it often has no warning signs or symptoms, and many people don't realize they have it. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of alkahil point cupping therapy and acupuncture therapy on blood pressure in hypertensive patients in Karangbong Village, Pajarakan District, Probolinggo Regency. The method in this study is Pre-Experiment, with a Two-group pre-post test design, the sample in this study is patients with hypertension totaling 36 patients who were taken using the purposive sampling instrument technique which was used were cupping devices, acupuncture tools, tension meters and observation sheets. Furthermore, it was analyzed using the Paired t-test, the Wilxocon test, the Independent t-test, and the Mann-Whitney test. The results of the study showed that before the alkahil point cupping therapy was carried out, an average value of 149/102 mmHg was obtained, and the average value before acupuncture therapy was 149/99 mmHg. After alkahil point cupping therapy , an average value of 139/92 mmHg was obtained and after acupuncture therapy was 134/90 mmHg. It is known that the average value of the pre-post sistole difference of alkahil point cupping therapy is 10.33, and the average value of the pre-post difference of acupuncture therapy is 15.00 with a pV of 0.000 which means &lt; 0.05. Meanwhile, the average value of the pre-post diastole difference in alkahil point cupping therapy was 19.61 and acupuncture therapy was 17.39 with a pV &gt; 0.05. It can be concluded that the average value of the difference in pre-post sistole of acupuncture therapy is more effective than alkalil point cupping therapy in reducing blood pressure in hypertensive patients Alkahil point cupping therapy and acupuncture therapy can be traditional alternative treatments that can be done routinely for the hypertension healing process by doing acupuncture therapy.

The Effect of Family Empowerment Based on Family-Centered Nursing on the Level of Family Independence in Preventing Stunting in Toddlers in the Simomulyo Community Health Center Working Area, Surabaya

Introduction: Stunting in toddlers is a major public health concern that impacts the next generation. It was suggested that the problems that occurred at the Simomulyo Health Center in Surabaya are mostly the result of parental and family circumstances. But at now, families and parents are unable to carry out their roles to the best of their abilities. The reason for this examination was to explore the relationship between family empowerment and family independence in preventing little child stunting, utilizing the family-centered nursing paradigm as a basis. Method: The research design employed a straightforward random sampling technique, and 154 respondents in total were sampled. Utilizing inclusion and exclusion criteria, 77 respondents were allocated to the intervention bunch and 77 respondents to the benchmark group. The instruments utilized in this experiment were questionnaires. 1) Demographic data; 2) Family assessment using the Family Centered Nursing Model of the Ministry of Health, developed from Friedman's research. This family examination will be conducted with the presence of a health provider. Assess the family's resources and strengths using the SCREEM (Social, Cultural, Religious, Economic, Educational, and Medical) framework. The statistical analysis used the Mann-Whitney test with p0.05 and the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: The outcomes showed that there was a significant distinction in the level of family independence between the intervention and control bunches following the intervention. The difference test between the treatment and control groups produced a value of p&lt;0.001 when conducted using Mann Whitney. Conclusion: Family empowerment grounded in a family-centered nursing paradigm can increase the degree of family independence and ward off stunting in toddlers. A later study found that toddler stunting can be avoided with greater family independence. Further research included a sustained coaching program for stunting prevention that spans from the beginning of a marriage to the first 1000 days of life (HPK).

EFFECT OF FREEZE-DRIED SUPER RED DRAGON FRUIT ANTHOCYANIN DISCLOSING SOLUTION ON DENTAL PLAQUE INDEX

Background: Accumulation of dental plaque can cause of dental and oral health problems such as caries and periodontitis. Dental plaque is colorless so it is difficult to see visually. Super red dragon fruit can be an alternative disclosing solution because it contains. Objectives: The purpose of this research was to determine the content and the effect of anthocyanin disclosing solution freeze dry super red dragon fruit on dental plaque index. Methods: This research is a type of the Experimental Laboratory and Quasi Experimental design research with post-test control group design method. Thirty samples were used and there were three treatment groups: the application of aquadest, super red dragon fruit disclosing solution, and synthetic disclosing solution. Super red dragon fruit freeze dry was tested for antioxidants and tested total anthocyanin levels using the pH difference method at Unjani Pharmaceutical Laboratory. Research on plaque index examination was carried out in the Integrated Dentistry Laboratory Unjani. Dental plaque index assessment is measured using PHPI (Patient Hygiene Performance Index) method. Data were analyzed using Kruskall Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p&lt;0.05). Results: The results showed an anthocyanin content of 9.0764 mg/100 g and a significant difference in the anthocyanin disclosing solution freeze dry treatment of super red dragon fruit on the dental plaque index with a value of p = 0.000. Conclusion: In conclusion this research indicates that the freeze-dried super red dragon fruit disclosing solution contains anthocyanin and has an effect on the dental plaque index. This shows the potential of anthocyanin disclosing solution freeze dry super red dragon fruit can be used to detect and control dental plaque, but further research is needed to determine the length of time attached to anthocyanin disclosing solution super red dragon fruit to the tooth surface

Effectiveness of the Combination of Cat Stretching With Green Tea on Pain Intensity of Primary Dysmenorrhea

Dysmenorrhea is lower abdominal pain during menstruation which is usually accompanied by sweating, headaches, diarrhea, and vomiting. It can be treated non-pharmacologically, namely by stretching with green tea. The results of a preliminary study conducted on students at Hang Tuah University Pekanbaru were that they did not know that yoga (cat stretching) with herbal products (green tea) could reduce dysmenorrhoea. This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of the combination of stretching paint with green tea on the intensity of dysmenorrhea in midwifery undergraduate students at Hang Tuah University Pekanbaru in 2024. This research used a two-group test post-test design and was quasi-experimental. The sample population of 298 female students in this study used purposive sampling taking into account the inclusion criteria with a sample size of 40 respondents divided into 2 groups, 20 for the experimental group, 20 for the control group, and data collection via questionnaire links and questionnaire sheets. Wilcoxon Test and Mann-Whitney Test analysis methods. The results of the Wilcoxon test showed that there was an effect of giving a combination of stretching paint and green tea on the intensity of dysmenorrhoea pain (p-value=0.000). The Mann-Whitney test showed that there was a difference in the intensity of dysmenorrhoea pain in the two groups (p-Value=0.000). It is hoped that future research can use samples that are not small or have more than 40 respondents.

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF PAPUYU FISH SCALE CHITOSAN (Anabas testudineus) AGAINST Staphylococcus aureus

Backgrounds: Pulp disease due to caries can be treated through endodontic treatment, which aims to eliminate bacteria in the root canal so microorganisms cannot multiply. Staphylococcus aureus is a resistant microorganism causing root canal treatment failure. Chlorhexidine as a gold standard cannot remove biofilm and other organic debris. Utilization of nature, chitosan of papuyu fish scales (Anabas testudineus) has antibacterial properties that can be an alternative root canal irrigation material. Purpose: Analyze the antibacterial activity of chitosan of papuyu fish scales against Staphylococcus aureus based on the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Methods: This research is a true experimental design with posttest only with control group design. The research groups were chitosan of Papuyu fish scales with concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, chlorhexidine gluconate 2% (positive control), and aquadest (negative control) with 6 repetitions. Results: The MIC value in the One-Way ANOVA test showed a significant difference (p&lt;0.05). Data analysis followed by Post Hoc Games-Howell test showed all treatment groups had significant differences between each other (p&lt;0.05). The MBC value in the Kruskal Wallis test shows that there is a significant difference (p&lt;0.05). Data analysis followed by MannWhitney test showed significant differences between each other (p&lt;0.05) except for the group of papuyu fish scale chitosan 25% concentration against papuyu fish scale chitosan 50% concentration, papuyu fish scale chitosan 100% concentration against chlorhexidine gluconate 2% (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: There is a difference in the antibacterial activity of chitosan of Papuyu fish scales concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, chlorhexidine gluconate 2% (positive control) and aquadest (negative control) against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.

Magnetic resonance (MR) evaluation of deep venous thrombosis of 338 discharged viral pneumonia patients.

Viral pneumonia (VP) often leads to the development of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in hospitalized patients. The aim of the study was to investigate the incidence of DVT in discharged patients with VP, and whether new and old DVT differ in transverse relaxation time. In this prospective cohort study in Wuhan, China, 338 consecutive discharged VP patients from February 2021 to March 2023 who underwent T2 weighted Sampling Perfection with Application Optimized Contrast Evolution (SPACE) were recruited to detect DVT. T2 mapping and T2* mapping were performed for the patients with DVT detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The minimum, maximum, mean of T2 time and T2* time of DVT were recorded as T2min, T2max, T2mean, T2*min, T2*max, and T2*mean, respectively. Clinical data and laboratory findings were compared between new and old DVT cases, which were defined based on the examination results before and after discharge. A Mann-Whitney test was used to compare transverse relaxation time parameters between new and old DVT. Twelve percent of VP patients (40/338) developed new DVT after discharge. Thirty-three out of 104 DVTs did not resolve after discharge. Compared with patients with new DVT, patients with old DVT were older (67 vs. 59 years, P=0.003); and had a higher proportion of bedridden time >72 hours (72.7% vs. 37.0%, P<0.001). Patients with old DVT had a lower lymphocyte count (0.67×109/L vs. 0.97×109/L, P=0.01), higher C-reactive protein (59 vs. 35 mg/L, P=0.019), and higher levels of D-dimer (6.7 vs. 0.9 µg/mL, P<0.001) than patients with new DVT. Patients with old DVT received more invasive mechanical ventilation (30.3% vs. 7.4%, P<0.001) and had a higher proportion of acute respiratory distress syndrome (75.8% vs. 51.9%, P<0.001), and a higher proportion of cardiac injury (39.4% vs. 14.8%, P=0.033) than patients with new DVT. T2min, T2max, T2mean, and T2*max of new DVT were significantly greater than old DVT (17.6±10.4 vs. 13.2±5.9 ms, 94.9±44.9 vs. 42.3±23.6 ms, 46.8±24.0 vs. 25.0±12.6 ms, 22.5±12.4 vs. 10.7±3.5 ms, P<0.05 for all). There was no significant difference in T2*min or T2*mean between new and old DVT (3.2±0.4 vs. 3.1±0.4 ms, 8.2±4.9 vs. 5.5±1.5 ms, P>0.05 for both). T2 weighted SPACE magnetic resonance (MR) is valuable in the follow-up of thrombosis of discharged VP patients. T2 mapping distinguishes between new and old DVT.

The effect of using method timer media on reducing eye fatigue industry workers

The outcomes of an initial research on eye fatigue in the Digital Industry in Yogyakarta, Indonesia revealed that 76% of the employees encountered complaints of eye fatigue as a result of prolonged computer usage. Eye fatigue is considered one of the parameters of office ergonomics in accordance with Indonesian Minister of Health Regulation No. 48 of 2016. One method recommended by this regulation to mitigate eye fatigue is to incorporate short breaks using the 20-20-20 technique. However, a considerable number of workers tend to disregard these recommendations, necessitating the use of media reminders, such as timers, to enforce discipline among workers. The objective of this research was to assess the impact of employing a timer-based media using the 20-20-20 method on the reduction of eye fatigue. The research employed a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group. In this research, a total of forty workers were selected as the sample population and subsequently divided into two groups: the intervention group and the control group. Sampling was conducted to select a total of 20 workers for each group through purposive sampling. Bivariate analysis was performed using the Sign test and Mann-Whitney test, with a significance threshold of 95% (α=0.05). The results of the statistical tests conducted in both the intervention and control groups revealed a significant difference in reducing eye fatigue, with a p-value of 0.041. This research concludes that the utilization of the 20-20-20 method timer media has a significant effect on reducing eye fatigue among workers.

Glymphatic function assessment with diffusion tensor imaging along the perivascular space in patients with major depressive disorder and its relation to cerebral white-matter alteration.

The link between glymphatic system function in the brain and alterations in white-matter microstructure among individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the assessment of glymphatic system function in patients with MDD using the diffusion tensor imaging along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index and to evaluate its association with cerebral-white-matter abnormalities and neuropsychological scores. From February 2023 to November 2023, this cross-sectional study recruited 35 patients with MDD from the Psychosomatic Diseases Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University. In this time period, 23 healthy controls (HCs) were enlisted from the community and matched with the MDD cohort in terms of years of education, gender, and age. All participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging, depression, anxiety, and cognitive assessments. The tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analyzed DTI parameters and identified significant clusters. Automated fiber quantification (AFQ) was used to automatically identify fiber bundles with statistical differences. Mann-Whitney tests or two-sample t-tests were used for comparisons. Interobserver consistency of the DTI-ALPS measurements was evaluated using the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Partial correlation analyses and linear regression analyses were used to examine relationships. A comparison of the DTI-ALPS index was made between the two groups. Correlations among diffusion characteristics, neuropsychological scores, and the DTI-ALPS index were analyzed. Compared to HCs, patients with MDD exhibited a lower DTI-ALPS score (P=0.001). According to using linear regression analysis, the ALPS index was found to be an independent predictor of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale [B=-25.32; P=0.001; 95% confidence interval (CI): -40.35 to -11.55], Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (B=-33.48; P=0.003; 95% CI: -55.38 to -11.24), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment total score (B=8.59; P=0.008; 95% CI: 2.38 to 14.79). According to the TBSS analysis, there were clusters of increased axial diffusivity (AD), mean diffusivity (MD), and radial diffusivity (RD) in patients with MDD as compared to HCs (all P values <0.05). A lower DTI-ALPS score was correlated with higher AD (r=-0.592; P<0.001), MD (cluster 1: r=-0.567, P=0.001; cluster 2: r=-0.581, P<0.001), and RD (r=-0.491; P=0.004) values. AFQ analysis identified the significantly different diffusion indicators in the left cingulum bundle (CB_L), left inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF_L), and left uncinate fasciculus (UF_L) between the two groups (all false discovery rate P values <0.05). DTI-ALPS score was negatively correlated with the AD value of CB_L (r=-0.304; P=0.024), ILF_L (r=-0.35; P=0.008), and UF_L (r=-0.354; P=0.008) in AFQ tract-level analysis. In point-wise analysis, the MD value of CB_L at nodes 33 to 36 was negatively correlated with DTI-ALPS score (r ranging from -0.504 to -0.535; P<0.01). Our results indicated a decrease in DTI-ALPS index score in patients with MDD. DTI-ALPS score was associated with depression, anxiety, declined cognitive ability, and white-matter microstructural abnormalities and may thus be a promising biomarker for the partial evaluation of glymphatic system function in patients with MDD.

Three-dimensional evaluation of facial asymmetry and its association to occlusal and muscular imbalance in young women.

Diagnosing asymmetries and restoring functional balance are challenges in facial rehabilitation and aesthetic procedures. This cross-sectional observational study aimed to evaluate whether occlusal imbalance and the electromyographic activity of the masseter and temporalis muscles in young women may be associated with facial asymmetry. Fifty women (mean age ± standard deviation: 22.5 ± 2.7), without temporomandibular dysfunction and with balanced facial profiles, were divided into two groups categorized by receiver operating characteristic analysis: symmetric (n=25) and asymmetric (n=25). The variables included the evaluation of asymmetry through clinical examination, quantification of asymmetry using stereophotogrammetry through the root mean square method, asymmetry of occlusal contacts, and electromyographic activity of the masseter and temporal muscles in both latero-lateral and antero-posterior directions. The mean asymmetry indices were compared using Welch's t-test and the Mann-Whitney test. The impact of occlusal and muscular imbalance on facial asymmetry was assessed through linear regression analysis. A significant difference was observed between the groups in the asymmetry of occlusal contacts, with a considerable effect size (p<0.01 - Cohen's d=0.73). The imbalance in the electromyographic activities of the masseter and temporal muscles was considered a predictor of facial asymmetry (F=4.00, p<0.02, R²=0.15). Occlusal imbalance and electromyographic activity of the masseter and temporal muscles are associated with facial asymmetry. Key words:Facial asymmetry, masticatory muscles, stereophotogrammetry, occlusion, electromyography.

ADAPTATION TRAINING FOR MENTAL RESILIENCE OF ADOLESCENTS USING THE ROY ADAPTATION MODEL APPROACH

Introduction: Adolescence is a key period for mental health, as over half of mental health problems begin during this stage and often persist into adulthood. Many adolescents, however, lack access to specialized care. This research aims to examine the impact of adaptation training on mental health resilience in adolescents, utilizing the Roy Adaptation Model. Method: This quasi-experimental study followed a pre-test-post-test control group design. The sample consisted of 100 adolescents, divided into an experimental group (50 respondents) and a control group (50 respondents), selected using purposive sampling. The experimental group participated in six weeks of adaptation training, with one session held each week. The training aimed to help adolescents better adapt to stressors, fostering mental resilience. The Adolescent Resilience Questionnaire (ARQ) was used to measure resilience, specifically evaluating the capacity to achieve positive outcomes despite facing challenges. The Wilcoxon Paired test was applied to assess differences within each group before and after the intervention, and the Mann-Whitney test was used to compare outcomes between the two groups. Both tests utilized an ordinal scale for analysis. Results: The Mann-Whitney test results showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups, with a p-value of 0.000. This indicates that adaptation training had a positive effect on increasing adolescent mental resilience. Conclusion: Adaptation training is effective in improving adolescents' mental resilience. It has the potential to be integrated into school programs to support mental health promotion and prevention, offering a proactive approach to addressing adolescent mental health challenges.

A clinical comparative study on carbamylated haemoglobin as a surrogate marker to differentiate acute kidney injury from chronic kidney disease.

Carbamylated haemoglobin is the result of reaction of isocyanate with N-terminal valine residues of the α and β chains of haemoglobin. Carbamylated haemoglobin concentration is dependent on the degree and duration of uraemia and thus may potentially serve as a marker to differentiate acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). A hospital-based prospective clinical comparative study was conducted in an urban tertiary medical care centre. Carbamylated haemoglobin was estimated in a total of 60 patients, 30 each of chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury. The comparison of the carbamylated haemoglobin levels among the CKD and AKI groups was done using Mann-Whitney test. The mean value of carbamylated haemoglobin among the CKD group was 240.71 ± 75.64 μgVH/g, whereas among the AKI group, it was 67.15 ± 17.05 μgVH/g. These values are statistically significant with P < 0.001. Carbamylated haemoglobin values were elevated in relation to renal dysfunction, and it significantly correlated with chronicity of kidney disease. Mean CarHb among the CKD group was significantly high in comparison to the AKI group with statistical significance, with a P value of <0.001. It was significantly attributed in this study that carbamylated haemoglobin >100 μgVH/g is diagnostic of CKD and a value <100 μgVH/g is diagnostic of AKI. Thus, in this study, it can be concluded that carbamylated haemoglobin is a useful marker to differentiate AKI from CKD.

Artificial Intelligence in Employee Learning Process: Insights from Generation Z

Abstract Artificial intelligence, as a field of computer science focused on developing technologies that simulate intelligent behaviours and human cognitive functions, undoubtedly has huge potential to transform all business activities, including the process of employee learning. However, different generations have varying attitudes toward the rapid advancement of technology and the increasing possibilities offered by artificial intelligence. The general purpose of this research is to gain insights into the attitudes of Generation Z regarding the use of AI in the context of the employee learning process. Empirical research was conducted on a sample of 264 respondents from Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition to descriptive statistics, Cronbach's alpha, Shapiro-Wilk, and Mann-Whitney tests were used to test hypotheses. Generally, the research findings indicate that the upcoming generation of the workforce considers artificial intelligence a significant factor in improving the employee learning process. The study contributes to human resource management literature because it brings new insights into Generation Z attitudes, whose participation in the active workforce will significantly increase in the coming years.

Efficacy of Mucosamin Spray as an Adjunct for Prevention of Oral Mucositis in Children under Chemotherapy: A Two-Center Randomized Clinical Trial.

Chemotherapy-induced mucositis is the most common complication during cancer treatment. This complication can lead to pain, increased risk of infection and malnutrition. Therefore, it is important to find a solution to reduce the severity and duration of side effects. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of Mucosamin spray as an adjunct for prevention of oral mucositis in children under chemotherapy. This parallel-design clinical trial evaluated 48 patients aged 5 to 15 years with leukemia and lymphoma presenting to the Hematology Department of Mofid and Mahak Hospitals. The patients were randomly divided into two groups (n=24). Before starting chemotherapy, all patients received oral hygiene instructions (toothbrushing without flossing). Patients in both groups were requested to use a mouthwash composed of nystatin, aluminum-magnesium hydroxide suspension (aluminum MgS), and diphenhydramine for 1 min every morning on a daily basis starting the day before treatment. Patients in the intervention group were also requested to spray their entire oral mucosa with Mucosamin spray 3 times a day in addition to using the mouthwash. Patients were requested to refrain from eating and drinking for 1h after spraying. The patients were clinically examined by a senior dental student once every other day for 20 days regarding the occurrence, severity, and duration of oral mucositis. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and log rank test. No significant difference was noted between the two groups in the incidence, severity, or time of development of mucositis (p> 0.05). The 7-day non-recovery percentage was 72.7% (SE= 13.4) and 25.0% (SE= 15.3) in the control and test groups, respectively, indicating shorter duration (faster healing) of mucositis in the intervention group (p= 0.01). Within the limitations of this study, it seems that prophylactic application of Mucosamin spray can shorten the course of oral mucositis, in case of its occurrence.

Optimizing the Diagnosis of Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia: A Comparative Evaluation of Erythrocyte and Reticulocyte Parameters.

Background Anemia is a widespread, worldwide hematological disorder, with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and thalassemia trait (TT) being two frequently encountered forms. For effective management, it is vital to distinguish between these two conditions. Existing diagnostic methods have some limitations due to their inaccessibility and high cost. This study aims to evaluate novel hematological indices for distinguishing IDA from TT, offering potential improvements in diagnostic accuracy and patient care. Objective To compare the efficacy of novel hematological indices in differentiating IDA from TT, and to assess their sensitivity and specificity in clinical practice. Methods This cross-sectional observational study included 80 anemia patients (40 diagnosed cases of IDA and 40 of TT each). Hematological parameters were measured using the Sysmex XN-1000 analyzer (Sysmex Corporation, Kobe, Japan), and statistical analysis was conducted using the Mann-Whitney test, Pearson correlation coefficient (r), and correlation matrix. Results Significant differences were observed between IDA and TT patients in the indices studied. The Green and King Index demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy, with a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 82%. The red cell distribution width (RDW) Index exhibited similar diagnostic performance, with a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 77%. The England and Fraser Index showed a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 80%, with a large effect size (r = -0.60). The correlation matrix revealed strong associations between key parameters, including a negative correlation between hemoglobin and RDWIndex (r = -0.61) and a positive correlation between mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and Shine and Lal Index (r = 0.82). On the other hand, our study found that indices like Shine and Lal and Srivastava had limited diagnostic value, with smaller effect sizes (r = 0.28 and r = -0.005, respectively). Conclusion Hematological indices, such as the Green and King, RDW, and England and Fraser indices, show strong potential for differentiating IDA from TT, with high sensitivity, specificity, and large effect sizes. The correlation matrix further supports the diagnostic utility of these indices. These tools can enhance diagnostic precision in resource-limited settings and improve patient outcomes.

Effect of active oxygen gel on the clinical parameters of MRONJ

PurposeThe aim of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of a gel with active oxygen in the prevention of MRONJ. MethodsUsing split-mouth study design, twelve Wistar rats were used, females (n = 6) and males (n = 6). All rats received a weekly intravenous injection of zoledronate (80 μg / kg body weight in PBS) for 8 weeks. Then, the animals underwent surgery to remove the first and second right and left mandibular molars to induce osteonecrosis. The animals received topical application of oxygen gel (blue®m) on the right-side extraction site (Group T) 3 times a week until euthanasia after 6 weeks, with no intervention on the left side (Group C). The clinical parameters analyzed included the presence and dimension of bone exposure, suppuration and epithelialization. ResultsStatistical analysis using chi-square and Mann-Whitney test (p value < 0.05) demonstrated that group C had more severe signs of MRONJ at euthanasia than in the group T. ConclusionWithin the limitations of this pilot study, we can conclude that the application of active oxygen gel could be beneficial in the prevention of MRONJ.

Complications after primary and revision shoulder arthroplasty: a matched cohort study

BackgroundPatients who undergo total shoulder arthroplasty typically have excellent clinical outcomes, though some patients require revision shoulder arthroplasty to address complications such as infection, instability, and persistent pain. The purpose of this study was to compare the rates and types of complications, as well as patient-reported outcomes, following primary and revision shoulder arthroplasty. MethodsRetrospective chart review was conducted for patients who underwent revision anatomic or reverse shoulder arthroplasty between January 2015 and May 2021 (N = 152). A cohort of patients who underwent primary shoulder arthroplasty in the same period was generated by matching 1:1 for implant type (anatomic/reverse), age, and surgery date. Demographic data, patient-reported outcomes, surgical details, surgical complications, and reoperations were collected for both cohorts (N = 304). Chi-square, t-test, Fisher’s exact test, and Mann-Whitney test were used as appropriate. ResultsThe revision cohort had a significantly higher rate of surgical complications than the primary cohort (N = 58, 38.2% vs. N = 22, 14.5%; P < .0001). The distribution of complication types differed significantly between the primary and revision cohorts (P = .018). Revision patients reported less improvement in Single-Assessment Numeric Evaluation score from baseline to 2-year follow-up compared to primary patients (postoperative and preoperative scores 33.9 ± 35.9 vs. 52.3 ± 32.5; P = .036). Patients in the primary cohort who underwent a previous shoulder surgery before their shoulder arthroplasty were more likely to experience complications than those who did not (P < .001). The most common surgical complications in the revision cohort were persistent pain (N = 20) and periprosthetic joint infection (N = 10), while the most common complications in the primary cohort were persistent pain (N = 6) and instability (N = 4). 63.6% of complications in primary patients and 55.2% of complications in revision patients necessitated reoperation. Total procedure time was higher on average in revision patients (120 ± 68 min) than primary patients (94 ± 31 min; P < .0001). Revision patients were more likely than primary patients to have had cemented humeral stems in their primary arthroplasty (P = .043). ConclusionPatients undergoing revision shoulder arthroplasty are at an increased risk for subsequent surgical complications and worse clinical improvement compared to primary shoulder arthroplasty patients. The differing profiles of postoperative complication types following primary and revision shoulder arthroplasty should be considered when advising patients on the risks of surgery and creating preoperative surgical plans to minimize these risks.

Cyclic fatigue resistance of two pediatric rotary files manufactured with different heat treatments: an in-vitro study.

Nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments offer many advantages during endodontic instrumentation; however, the fracture risk within the canal remains a concern. Manufacturers continuously develop and introduce instruments to the market with supposedly enhanced cyclic fatigue resistance and increased flexibility, achieved through different proprietary manufacturing processes, the details of which have not been made public. In recent years, two rotary systems specially designed for deciduous teeth have been commercially available, but information about their performance is lacking. This investigation aimed to identify which manufacturing process provides better cyclic fatigue resistance: the AF-H Wire technology used in the AF baby rotary files (AF-f) or the CM-Wire technology used in the i3 Gold deciduous teeth rotary files (i3G-f). Forty rotary International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 25/04 files were tested in artificial canals with a standard geometry of 60° angle and 2.5 mm radius until fracture. The number of cycles to fracture was calculated, and the length of the fragments was measured. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine the fracture surfaces and fragments. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was used to determine the percentage weight of NiTi in each file. The statistical analysis (Mann-Whitney test) showed that the cyclic fatigue resistance of the AF-f was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than that of the i3G-f. Additionally, there was a significant difference (p = 0.0419) in the length of the fractured fragments. All instruments showed one or more types of manufacturing defects and presented similar NiTi percentages by weight. The manufacturing process is critical to cyclic fatigue resistance, and there seems to be responsible for the difference in cyclic fatigue resistance between these similar instruments.