Convicted Men Research Articles

‘Everyone is Against me’: A Qualitative Study of Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration with Both Convicted and Voluntary Help-Seeking Men

ABSTRACT Intimate partner violence (IPV) significantly harms women globally, yet, research on perpetrator treatment efficacy is inconclusive. Understanding how perpetrators perceive their own perpetrations is crucial for effective prevention and treatment. This study examines how male IPV perpetrators describe their emotions and cognitions surrounding their violent acts, using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of interviews with seven convicted men, and six men who had sought treatment voluntarily. Two superordinate themes emerged: Aggression as a means to meet with unfulfilled psychological needs which encompasses how aggression is used to satisfy the need to gain control and protect the self, and Aggression as an automatic response which entails automatically reacting with aggression, for example due to perceiving the world through a hostile lens. These findings can increase our understanding of factors and dynamics related to precipitation and continuation of IPV perpetration, which, in turn, can be identified, assessed, and potential targets for intervention and prevention.

Adrien Rist (1841–1923), membre de la Société mdico-psychologique (1881) et fondateur d’une maison de santé privée à Versailles : « La Châtaigneraie » (1889) (Partie II)

A member of artistic, literary and scientific associations including the Société médico-psychologique (1881), A. Rist opened a private psychiatric clinic in Versailles in the years 1890–1891 called: La Châtaigneraie. This establishment will open its doors shortly before those of the old people's home (1892); they will complete the establishment opened in 1858: the civil hospital. In addition to his work as physician director of La Châtaigneraie, he was a medical expert at the court of Versailles. While practicing in Switzerland, he taught forensic medicine at the Law School of Lausanne. For example, A. Rist assessed Marie Christmann, a spiritualist masseuse, known as “the witch of Versailles”, who was denounced for the illegal practice of medicine and the mummified body of a woman was found in her house or Fernand-Théodore Charlatte, known as “the satyr of Saint-Cloud”, who simulated madness. Being an alienist was not without risk. He was threatened with death by an insane Arthur-Désiré Ferger who had twice escaped from the asylum; inspectors were assigned to protect him. A. Rist was a doctor fighting against alcohol abuse; the head office of the Versailles section of the French Anti-Alcohol Union was located at his home 11 rue des Deux Moulins. The National League against Alcoholism has founded “rooms of the soldier” in different cities of France (Cherbourg and Le Havre). A. Rist had one such room located at 29 rue de Béthune (Versailles). Author of “La philosophie naturelle intégrale les rudiments des sciences exacts” (1904), A. Rist shows us his pronounced taste for mathematics which inclined him more towards the physical sciences and their speculative aspect than towards biology, a discipline of observation and experimentation. In this second part, A. Rist appears to be a man of conviction and opinion. He was Dreyfusard and Republican. He was among the signatories of the “Appel à l’Union” (1899) like his friend Gabriel Monod (1844–1912), a member of the Institute. This founding document aimed to calm the political situation in the middle of the Dreyfus affair in order to save the parliamentary republican regime then in place. He does not hesitate to take up the pen to oppose Ferdinand Brunetière (1849–1906); director of the Revue des Deux Mondes, he was an antidreyfusard but not an antisemite. The latter had declared war on the scientific spirit and on Science which was not the point of view of A. Rist. In a national daily newpapers, he expressed his opposition to the reform of secondary education; this was a measure which had been advocated by the Minister of Public Instruction: Léon Bourgeois (1851–1925). At the end of the 19th century, A. Rist made a political commitment having being elected member of the municipal council of Versailles (1896–1900); he joined the Democratic Republican Alliance party (1901). During his career, A. Rist did not communicate or publish very much. In addition to his imposing work on “La philosophie naturelle intégrale”, we find among his works an article on phrenology published in the Dictionnaire de Dechambre, which he considered to be a science lacking a scientific basis; a case of idiopathic anorexia, which he said was a mental illness caused by a direct attack on the nerve center that regulates the need to eat; a case of forensic expertise on an anarchist sentenced to prison because he was not fit for internment. He was also supposed to publish a second volume of his natural philosophy, but it never saw the light of day. He died in November 1923, “La Châtaigneraie” closed its doors.

Об особенностях экзистенциальной исполненности мужчин, осужденных за преступления насильственного характера

the article presents a study on the peculiarities of the degree of existential fulfillment in men convicted of violent crimes. The relevance of the study is confirmed by the low level of study of this issue, as well as due to the increasing number of violent crimes. Thus, the increase in the number of recidivism due to this fact of committing crimes is related to the degree of existential fulfillment, that is, unwillingness to take responsibility for their actions and non-acceptance of themselves by convicts as individuals. The article also reflects the personality characteristics of those convicted of violent crimes, which differ in the presence of special criminally negative properties and personality qualities. The personality of a criminal is defined by researchers as a set of socially significant negative properties. These properties are formed in the process of long-term interaction with other people. Personality also includes a set of criminalized properties and qualities. In order to study existential fulfillment, we have identified the object of research – existential fulfillment. The subject of the research conducted by the researchers identified the features of existential fulfillment in men convicted of violent crimes. The empirical base of the study was collected on the basis of the high-security penal colony of the Federal Penitentiary Institution IK-3 of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the Kirov region. The sample of the study is presented in the number of 60 convicts. The age of the convicts is 18-40 years old inclusive. According to the results of the study, the features of the existential fulfillment of convicted men of the studied category were noted, and the uniqueness of the use of art therapeutic methods in working with this category of persons was noted. The article also indicates the reasons why the existential fulfillment of convicts has correspondingly low values. Thus, the result obtained indicates the existing lifestyle of the convicts. As noted in the study, the formed lifestyle can be influenced by uncertainty in decision-making, as well as uncertainty in an "existential place". A special role is played by conducting planned and comprehensive psychological correction and educational work with this category of convicts.

Investigating the History of Homosexuality in Soviet Lithuania: Deconstructing Court Verdicts

This article examines the Soviet court verdicts under Article 122 of the Criminal Code of the Soviet Lithuania, which tried men for homosexual relations, as historical sources. The author argues that the documents stored in the contemporary archives remain programmed according to Soviet logic. The 20 verdicts examined reveal that in practice, men in Vilnius Lenin District were mainly tried for having relations with minors or for sexual coercion rather than consensual sexual relations. The testimonies in which the convicted men’s traces of subjectivity can be detected are proposed to be defined as ‘post-voice’. In some cases, these ‘post-voices’ reveal how the ‘weak’ resorted to their own tactics when they found themselves in the judicial and political power field.

КРАТКАЯ КРИМИНОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ОСУЖДЕННЫХ, ОТБЫВАЮЩИХ НАКАЗАНИЕ ЗА КОРРУПЦИОННЫЕ И ДОЛЖНОСТНЫЕ ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЯ

The article analyzes empirical material obtained from various penal institutions of the territorial agencies of the Federal Penitentiary Service of the Russian Federation, where the criminological profile of convicts sentenced for official malfeasance and corruption crimes is studied. Specific features of the criminal and legal characterization of the committed act are identified through the application of system and structural, and statistical research methods. The article considers indicators of correlation between the gravity of the crime, the term of the sentence, and types of complicity. Furthermore, the attention is paid to the existence or absence of an additional penalty imposed. The grounds for exemption from punishment for this type of convicts are examined. Convicted men and women are considered as separate groups, and comparison with the total number of convicted persons is conducted. As a conclusion, there is a need to study these characteristics in greater depth.

Особенности содержания и лакуны правового регулирования воспитательной работы с женщинами, отбывающими уголовное наказание в виде лишения свободы

The article discusses the factors that cause significant scientific interest in the peculiarities of educational work with females, in respect of whom a criminal penalty in the form of imprisonment is being executed. It is shown that among convicted women, the widespread manifestation of the criminal subculture is not typical. It is shown that the content of the methods of educational work with this category of convicts is deeper, and their list is more diverse in comparison with the methods of such work with convicted men held in correctional institutions. The contradictory role of the psycho-emotional and socio-legal characteristics of convicted women for the effectiveness of the educational impact on them is indicated. Criticism of the absence in the penitentiary legislation of specially designated norms that would regulate educational work with female convicts is presented. Accordingly, in the order de lege ferenda, additions and amendments to Art. 109, 110 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation. It is concluded that there is a connection between the ideas of humanism in the domestic penal policy and a more meaningful penal regulation of educational work with convicted women serving imprisonment.

Effect of the differential item functioning (DIF) of LS/CMI items with convicted men and women

Effect of the differential item functioning (DIF) of LS/CMI items with convicted men and women

The body as a reflection of relations with others.

Corporeality is an important element of the self structure. Tattoos have been associated with self-esteem, identity diffusion, and aggression.PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE: Convicted modified (n = 78; 78.8%) and non-modified men (n = 21; 21.2%) completed the following research tools: the Aggression Severity Scale from the Inventory of Personality Organization (IPO), the Group Identification Scale, the Identity Fusion Scale, a measure of identity fusion, and an agency scale. Body modifications were a weak predictor (5%) of aggression intensity among male prisoners. About 20% of the study participants, regardless of having a body modification, presented aggression characterized by severe personality pathology. Nowadays, body modifications should not be treated as an indicator of severe psychopathology and more aggressive relations with others, including among convicted men. In prisoners who presented high levels of aggression, identity diffusion was observed and treated as a form of adaptation, characteristic for borderline personality integration.

Neurodevelopmental Differences, Pedohebephilia, and Sexual Offending: Findings from Two Online Surveys

The neurodevelopmental theory of pedohebephilia states that sexual interests in children arise from early neurodevelopmental perturbations, as, for example, evidenced by increased non-right-handedness, more childhood head injuries, and reduced intelligence and height. As corroborating evidence largely rests on samples of convicted men, we conducted online surveys among German-speaking (Study 1, N = 199) and English-speaking men (Study 2, N = 632), specifically targeting community members with pedohebephilic or teleiophilic interests. Although we detected theoretically meaningful sexual interest patterns in an embedded viewing time task, we could not detect expected neurodevelopmental differences between teleiophilic and pedohebephilic men in either of the two studies. Strikingly, pedohebephilic men who reported convictions for sexual offenses emerged as shorter and less intelligent than pedohebephilic men without convictions in Study 2. While elucidating possible third variable confounds, results have to be interpreted cautiously because of the methodological problems inherent to non-matched case control designs.

Characteristics of perfectionism and its relationship with envy in convicted men and women

Characteristics of perfectionism and its relationship with envy in convicted men and women

Political pragmatist or man of conviction? Heinrich Bredt (1906–1989) and his involvement in the Third Reich

Heinrich Bredt (1906–1989) has to be considered one of the most prominent German pathologists of the past century. While his scientific oeuvre – especially his research on pathology of the cardiovascular system – received widespread attention, his actual connection to National Socialism remains largely concealed.This paper takes this need for clarification as an occasion for a detailed investigation of Bredt’s political role in the Third Reich, based on source material from Federal, State and University Archives.The analysis shows that Heinrich Bredt had already joined the anti-Semitic and anti-democratic Association of German Students in the 1920s, and from 1933 onward he entered various Nazi organizations – including the Nazi Party. Unlike in later statements, Bredt was not just a nominal member of the Party, he held various offices in National Socialist organizations and was accordingly classified as loyal to the regime by the Nazi authorities.In contrast, during his time in the socialist dictatorship of East Germany, Bredt remained aloof from the ruling Socialist Unity Party of Germany and its political organizations – unlike many former Nazi Party members who behaved in a political opportune manner in East Germany as well. Bredt demonstrated a distance from the socialist system which suggests that his political actions were guided not by pragmatic but by ideological considerations.

Symbolism in Hemingway’s The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber

This paper analysed Ernest Hemingway’s The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber using New Criticism framework on symbolism. Comparisons of drinks, clothes, and colours paralleled the difference between Francis, a wealthy yet unconfident man, and Wilson, a man of masculinity. The next was the sitting positions of the characters in the car in which front seat symbolised authority and power whereas back seat inferiority and lack of confidence. Car symbolised protection, segregation, and power for Margot, whereas camp, and savannah foresaw Francis’ transformation from a wealthy person of comfort (camp) to a man of manly conviction signified with savannah offering wilderness. This transformation was also attributed to Francis’ overcoming obstacles symbolised with a lion and buffalos. Guns and rifles possessed by male characters indicated their dominance with Margot, the only female, practically left-out, except by the end of the story when she wielded a rifle shooting Francis dead.

The Hypocrisy of Dutch Actions in Indonesia

At the end of World War 2 the Netherlands, through its own military tribunals, tried and convicted several members of the Japanese and German militaries for their participation in the war crime of extra judicial executions in Indonesia and the Netherlands. Several of the convicted men were executed by the Netherlands while others sentenced to lengthy prison terms. From 1946-1949 the Netherlands, primarily through commando Raymond Westerling, engaged in the same actions they accused the Japanese of having committed. While no specific order was ever revealed showing that Westerling’s actions were ordered by the military, the Netherlands tacitly approved his actions by failing to control him and his men and by their unwillingness to take responsibility for his actions before or after the Netherlands withdrew its forces from Indonesia in 1949. This research paper explores the extrajudicial executions conducted by Westerling, his men, other Dutch military and the Dutch government in order to provide a better and more thorough understanding of these events and the lack of national or international action against war crimes committed after World War 2. It concludes that the Netherlands has failed to try or even accuse Westerling and others of war crimes or take actions to discipline them, and in fact has covered up his actions and failed to make public those war crimes. Further that the reason for this continued hypocritical refusal is a concern for the reputation of the Netherlands in the world and a belief that high levels of government would be found complicit.

THE INTENSIFICATION OF NEUROTICISM AND SEXUAL OFFENSES COMMITTED AGAINST ADULT WOMEN

In the research the characteristics of sexual offender focused on the analysis of personality traits in the area of their neuroticism was discussed. The study assumed that neuroticism is correlated with the commission of sexual offenses and its level may be a risk factor and a predictor of committing such offenses. The analysis of correlation and logistic regression was performed on the results of the respondents in prison for sexual offenses and the results of the control group of neuroticism scales measured with the NEO-PI-R Personality Inventory. The results of the analyzes led to the conclusion about the relationship between neuroticism and its individual dimensions with committing sexual crimes, as well as a significant prediction of committing such crimes by the level of neuroticism. The additional analysis showed that sex offenders were characterized by higher results of neuroticism than the control group of not convicted men. Key words:

Sexually transmitted infections in the penitentiary system (analysis of scientific publications and own data)

Objective — assessing the current prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV in prisons in the context of a holistic consideration of the problem, and taking into account our own pilot studies on the prevalence of herpes simplex virus infection type 1 (HSV-1) and disorders of the psycho-emotional state of patients.
 Materials and methods. The search was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of PRISMA 2009, 2020 (The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses). The data of own research of 33 convicted men and 29 women are also presented.
 Results and discussion. Among 33 convicted men, IgM HSV-1 markers were diagnosed in 6.7 % cases, and among 29 women — in 4.9 % cases, IgG HSV-1 markers — in 92.8 % and 96.9 % cases, respectively. In the process of assessing the psycho-emotional state of patients with HSV-1 markers, the average scores on the scale of anxiety and depression (HADS) ranged from 7.6 to 8.9 points, which directly correlated with the duration of the disease, the number of exacerbations and rash in the labial, genital and perianal areas (61.9—71.4 %).Despite the difficult material, logistical and sanitary conditions in penitentiaries, they may be more favorable to the vast majority of convicts than the way of life they lived in freedom, given the fact that vulnerable groups often do not have adequate access to health care services. For most of them, imprisonment is an opportunity to get the treatment, preventive measures and basic health information they need.
 Conclusions. The significant prevalence of STIs/HIV in the penitentiary institutions of the world has been confirmed. Among convicts in Ukraine, serological markers of HSV-1 are quite common.

In memory of Academician Mengchao Wu, the pioneer of Chinese hepatobiliary surgery

I have two important reasons for writing this. First, I want to commemorate the Academician Mengchao Wu I knew - a venerable man who, though gone, has left behind a spirit that will continue to inspire people forever. He was a man of conviction with a resolute sense of his mission; he brought honor to his country and his generation. Second, I want people to know about his contributions, character, teachings, and influence and see them as a legacy to be embraced and passed down to younger generations as a beacon and stars that light the way and continue to shine into the future.

An Obituary to Jacques Glowinski (1936–2020)

This is an obituary of Dr. Jacques Glowinski (1936-2020), one of the last «giants» of Neuropharmacology trained in the sixties in the laboratory of Julius Axelrod (Nobel Prize in 1970). He was a founding father of this discipline in France and his famous laboratory (INSERM Unit 114) at the Collège de France in Paris has trained for 40 years (1966-2006) generations of fellows who became leader neuroscientists in France and abroad. His most important scientific contributions completely revisited the regulatory mechanisms of central dopaminergic neurotransmission and its implications in neuropsychiatric disorders.

‘Study Is Like the Heaven’s Glorious Sun’—Learning through Shakespeare for Men Convicted of Sexual Offences

Emergency Shakespeare is a collaboratively owned theatre company based in an English prison for men convicted of sexual offences. It is the first permanent theatre company of its kind with this population. This article explores the ways in which Shakespeare is used as a way of developing transferable skills such as self-confidence, resilience, teamwork and negotiation with a group of people whom society will stigmatise for their convictions. Constructivist educational methodologies are employed by the Artistic Director to encourage those involved to develop their own sense of autonomy and ownership of the artistic work created.

Особенности коммуникативной сферы лиц, осужденных за преступления против половой неприкосновенности и половой свободы личности

Currently, for the implementation of an effective correctional process in prisons it is important to study the features of the communicative sphere of convicts, since they are an indicator of the socio-psychological characteristics of their personality. The purpose of the research was to study the peculiarities of the communicative sphere of persons convicted of crimes against sexual inviolability and sexual freedom of the individual. The scientific and practical significance of the work lies in the fact that with the help of R. Cattell's personality multifactor methodology (form C), which allows us to evaluate various individual psychological characteristics of a person, we have studied the data obtained on the factors that form a group of communicative properties of convicts (sociability, dominance, courage in social contacts, suspicion, diplomacy, independence). According to the interpretation of the methodology author, these indicators characterize those convicted of crimes against sexual integrity and sexual freedom of the individual by people who are prone to distancing, isolation and do not seek to establish interpersonal contacts and direct communication. The revealed features make it possible to speak about the presence of communicative and personal problems in this category of convicts. The research methodology is based on fundamental and applied research of penitentiary psychologists and educators who study the characteristics of a person who has committed a crime against sexual inviolability and sexual freedom of the individual, in which various explanatory schemes for determining the communicative qualities of a person are analyzed and it is proved that the basis for their study is the problems of sociability. According to the results of the study, significant indicators were found for a number of factors (self-discipline, sociability, anxiety, carelessness). The degree of their severity in the group of convicted men serving sentences for crimes against sexual inviolability and sexual freedom of the individual, in comparison with the group of convicted men serving sentences for murder and deliberate infliction of grievous bodily harm, is noted with a tendency to underestimation. Persons serving imprisonment for crimes against sexual inviolability and sexual freedom of the individual are characterized by a low level of development of the necessary communication skills, the absence of such models of behavior that are accepted in society. This is reflected in a hostile, suspicious, aggressive-confrontational, eliminating or manipulative nature of communication, blocking the process of information communication, distortion of received and transmitted information and its inadequate interpretation. The persons of this category have a destructive orientation of communication, which negatively affects the quality of human interaction with people around them and the personality development as a whole. The data obtained should be used in the development of a scientifically substantiated program of psychocorrectional work with this category of convicts, aimed at increasing the effectiveness of resocializing measures and reducing the risk of recurrence of the crime. The study enriched the section of psychology that studies personality and various individual processes (personality psychology). The practical significance of the research results lies in determining the characteristics of the communicative sphere of convicts of this category, which must be taken into account when organizing and conducting psychocorrectional and educational measures to develop the skills of constructive interaction with others in a correctional institution.

The Oxford Handbook of the Writings of the Hebrew Bible

The Oxford Handbook of the Writings of the Hebrew Bible