Mammoth Research Articles

A matching-adjusted indirect comparison of the efficacy of elranatamab versus physician’s choice of treatment in patients with triple-class exposed/refractory multiple myeloma

Introduction For patients with triple-class exposed/refractory multiple myeloma (TCE/R MM), prognosis is poor and effective treatment options are limited. Elranatamab is a novel B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)- and CD3-directed bispecific antibody which was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in August 2023 and demonstrated safety and efficacy in patients with TCE/R MM in the phase 2, single-arm MagnetisMM-3 trial (NCT04649359). To compare the effectiveness of elranatamab vs physician’s choice of treatment (PCT) in the absence of head-to-head comparative data, a matching-adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC) was conducted. Methods Individual patient data from MagnetisMM-3 (Cohort A [BCMA-naïve] N = 123, 14.7 months of follow-up) were reweighted to match published summary data from two real-world studies of PCT in patients with TCE/R MM (LocoMMotion and MAMMOTH) using a propensity score-type logistic regression. Unanchored MAIC analyses were conducted according to National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Decision Support Unit (DSU) 18 guidance. Results Compared with PCT in LocoMMotion, elranatamab was associated with a significantly higher objective response rate (ORR rate difference: 37.52; 95% CI 26.20–48.83; odds ratio: 4.85; 95% CI 2.85–8.23) and complete or stringent complete response rate (≥CR rate difference: 42.29; 95% CI 31.84–52.74; odds ratio: 184.01; 95% CI 24.66–1372.86), longer progression-free survival (PFS HR 0.32; 95% CI 0.20–0.49), and overall survival (OS HR 0.62; 95% CI 0.40–0.94). Compared with PCT in MAMMOTH, elranatamab was associated with significantly higher ORR (rate difference: 28.14; 95% CI 16.77–39.52; odds ratio: 3.24; 95% CI 1.98–5.32) and ≥ CR (rate difference: 26.22; 95% CI 16.40–36.05; odds ratio: 5.48; 95% CI 2.88–10.44), as well as longer PFS (HR 0.25; 95% CI 0.17–0.37) and OS (HR 0.49; 95% CI 0.33–0.71). Sensitivity analysis results were consistent with the base case. Conclusion In the MAIC, elranatamab was consistently associated with improved rates and depth of response and significantly longer PFS and OS versus PCT in LocoMMotion and MAMMOTH.

Proteomic and lipidomic analysis of mammoth bone by high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography

Investigation of archeological and paleontological artifacts at the molecular level has become a trend over the recent years. Paleogenomics provides information about the evolution of ancient speci...

Book review: Coles, A., Gray, L. and Momsen, J., editors, 2015: The Routledge Handbook of Gender and Development

Coles, A., Gray, L. and Momsen, J., editors, 2015: The Routledge Handbook of Gender and Development. London/New York, NY: Routledge. 594 pp. £190. ISBN: 9780415829083 (Hardcover).

The Mammoth Professor.

The Mammoth Professor.

Health profile of elderly in urban slums of Cuttack city, ODISHA

Ageing is a natural process. In the words of Seneca Old age is an incurable disease, but more recently Sir James Sterling Ross commented, You do not heal old age you protect it: you promote it; you extend it. The global share of older people (aged 60 years or over) increased from 9.2 per cent in 1990 to 10.4 per cent in 2005 and will continue to grow as a proportion of the world population, reaching 21.7 per cent by 2050. In India, though percentage wise graying is not very rapid, but due to its mammoth size planning for the elderly is a huge challenge for the policy makers. This study is a prospective cross sectional study design conducted in slums of Cuttack city for 6 months. The sampled population (384) is divided in to three categories as per division of age i.e, 60-64 yrs, 65-74 yrs and ?75 yrs. Medical problems, psychological problems and other problems are being assessed through administered study questions. In the age group of 60-64yrs Hypertension is the major health problem present in 87 (51%) respondents. Next to hypertension 76 (48%) individuals have reported to be suffering from Diabetes

How Much Is That Mammoth in the Window?

How Much Is That Mammoth in the Window?

AMS Dating of the Late Pleistocene Mammals at the Colorado Creek Site, Interior Western Alaska

The Colorado Creek section of Alaska is an important paleontological site first excavated and reported on in the early 1980s and 1990s. The remains of two individual mammoths (the “Upper” and “Lower”), and elements of horse, bison, and caribou make this a unique faunal assemblage for a region in interior western Alaska, and the western edge of eastern Beringia. The mammoth remains were the only portions of the faunal assemblage radiocarbon dated in the 1980s. The Upper mammoth ages were widespread between 13,000 and 16,200 BP with the older dates being more accepted for the death of the individual. A single age on the Lower mammoth was produced at 22,880 14 C yr BP. New accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dates generally confirm the accepted ages for the two mammoths and provide more precise ages of 16,200 ± 50 and 22,710 ± 90 14 C yr BP for the Upper and Lower mammoths, respectively. AMS dates on caribou and horse are similar to ages on the Upper mammoth and show an overlap in their ecological ranges in interior western Alaska between 16,000 and 17,000 14 C yr BP during the Late Glacial, similar to other areas of the state. The sole AMS date on bison produced an infinite 14 C age (>43,500 14 C yr BP), considerably older than the Upper and Lower mammoths’ remains, and indicates that older deposits are present at the site. A dearth of dated Quaternary paleontological specimens from western Alaska hinders our understanding of this region’s paleoecology. This study enhances our conception of the geographic and chronological spread of late Pleistocene large terrestrial mammals in Alaska and Beringia. DOI: 10.2458/azu_rc.57.18436

Moving mammoths

Moving mammoths

Processes and source of linguistic knowledge: Explorations in the theories of language learning

Children have an enviable capacity for acquiring competence in whatever language or languages they get exposed to and in a manner so rapid, so creative, so uniform, so systematic, so regular and indeed so easy compared with the mammoth task that they within a remarkably short span of time accomplish victoriously. This marvellous phenomenon unique only to humans has instigated scholars to propound various theories that aim to account for this feat, where some have argued that language is a genetic capacity originating from the brain, while others contended to look at it as a system originating from the environment. While the former approach views language acquisition as “genetically endowed and readymade,” the latter sees it as “environmentally fashioned and evolving”. Using the descriptive method, this paper, following a brief discussion of early bilingualism, and an initiatory section on “the father of modern linguistics,” explored and contrasted, within this context, these approaches concerning the processes and source of linguistic knowledge. Emphasising a third view, the sociolinguistic approach, the paper verified that language acquisition and learning was neither solely the result of innate knowledge (first position); nor the progeny of the environment of the child alone (second position); but rather the product of and interplay between both social interaction and cognitive development. Key words: Language acquisition, genetic capacity, process, innate knowledge, environment, social interaction, behaviourists, mentalists, environmentalists, sociolinguistic, social semiotic.

Mammoths didn't go out with a bang

Mammoths didn't go out with a bang

Humans: Mammoth etching found

Humans: Mammoth etching found

Hope for the Mammoth?

Hope for the Mammoth?

Mammoth's last stand

Mammoth's last stand

A Mammoth Finding in Woolly Hair

Understanding the genetic bases of hair disorders holds the promise of better therapies for hypertrichosis and alopecia. Two groups of investigators

Ode on the Mammoth Cheese

Ode on the Mammoth Cheese

Cents, sense, census: human inventories in late precolonial and early colonial India.

This essay is about the caste-wise enumeration of households taken in the major kasbah towns of the western Rajasthani kingdom of Marwar between 1658 and 1664 under the direction of the kingdom's “home minister,” Munhata Nainsi, for inclusion in his mammoth survey of kingdom entitled Marvar ra Parganam ri Vigat ( An Account of the Districts of Marwar). This essay also explores how Nainsi's early enumeration of caste data, and other precolonial human inventories that followed upon it, helped shape the first known colonial census of western Rajasthan, undertaken by Alexander Boileau in 1835 in Marwar and the adjacent kingdoms of Bahawalpur, Bikaner, and Jaisalmer. One goal will be to redirect scholarly attention to some native agenda that may have been institutionalized and advanced by this nominal way of ‘knowing the country' both during the late precolonial and early colonial eras. Without positing an easy continuity from the precolonial to the colonial in terms of forms of knowledge and attendant institutions, this essay will suggest that colonial discourses often built upon indigenous ones in ways that inflected local politics about which the British initially were only dimly aware and indirectly concerned, but which later had a major impact on the constitution of colonial rule.

Mammoth Developments

Mammoth Developments

EXHIBITS: Run With the Mammoths

EXHIBITS: Run With the Mammoths

Inventing Human Science: Eighteenth-Century Domains, and: When Geologists were Historians, 1665-1750, and: The Mammoth and the Mouse: Microhistory and Morphology

CONTRIBUTORS: David Carrithers Gloria Flaherty Christopher Fox Gary Hatfield Ludmilla Jordanova Roy S. Porter Phillip Sloan Roger Smith Sylvana Tomaselli Robert Wokler

Where the Mammoths Went and Died

Where the Mammoths Went and Died