Malocclusion Research Articles

An Analysis of Gender Differences and Assessment of Oral Health Status among the General Population Residing in Kanyakumari District: A Pathfinding Scientific Study.

The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence oral health status among the general population residing in Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the general public of index age groups to analyze the oral health status in the Kanyakumari district. A total number of 400 samples were selected and were equally divided among urban (200 samples) and rural areas (200 samples). The samples were further divided randomly based on the index age groups 5, 12, 15, 35-44, and 65-74 years using the multistage random sampling method. The data regarding oral health status was recorded using the World Health Organization's (WHO's) Oral Health Assessment Form 2013 and 1997. Collected data were tabulated and analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Chi-squared test. The prevalence of periodontal diseases (88.75%) was found to be highest in Kanyakumari district, followed by dental caries (63.7%) and malocclusion (63.1%). There was a statistically significant difference found between oral health status and index age groups. Oral disorders such as dental caries, periodontitis, and dental fluorosis are more prevalent among the Kanyakumari district population. Oral health policies should be targeted to the populations in the Tamil Nadu region.

TeethGNN: Semantic 3D Teeth Segmentation with Graph Neural Networks.

In this paper, we present TeethGNN, a novel 3D tooth segmentation method based on graph neural networks (GNNs). Given a mesh-represented 3D dental model in non-Euclidean domain, our method outputs accurate and fine-grained separation of each individual tooth robust to scanning noise, foreign matters (e.g., bubbles, dental accessories, etc.), and even severe malocclusion. Unlike previous CNN-based methods that bypass handling non-Euclidean mesh data by reshaping hand-crafted geometric features into regular grids, we explore the non-uniform and irregular structure of mesh itself in its dual space and exploit graph neural networks for effective geometric feature learning. To address the crowded teeth issues and incomplete segmentation that commonly exist in previous methods, we design a two-branch network, one of which predicts a segmentation label for each facet while the other regresses each facet an offset away from its tooth centroid. Clustering are later conducted on offset-shifted locations, enabling both the separation of adjoining teeth and the adjustment of incompletely segmented teeth. Exploiting GNN for directly processing mesh data frees us from extracting hand-crafted feature, and largely speeds up the inference procedure. Extensive experiments have shown that our method achieves the new state-of-the-art results for teeth segmentation and outperforms previous methods both quantitatively and qualitatively.

Do facial soft tissue thicknesses change after surgeries correcting dental malocclusions? An intra- and inter-patient statistical analysis on soft-tissue thicknesses in BSSO + LFI surgeries.

The aim of this study was to analyse changes in facial soft tissue thickness (FSTT) after corrective surgeries for dental malocclusion. The correlation between body mass index (BMI) and sex of patients and their FSTT before undergoing surgery was analysed. Cone beam computed tomography of seventeen patients that underwent Le Fort I osteotomy in combination with bilateral sagittal split osteotomy were collected. Hard and soft tissue landmarks were selected basing on the interventions. FSTT were computed, and measurements from pre- to post-operative were compared. The relationship between FSTT, sex, and BMI was investigated. Considering the comparison between pre- and post-operative measurements, any significant difference emerged (p > .05). The Pearson's correlation coefficient computed between BMI and the FSTT (pre-operative) showed a correlation in normal-weight patients; the region-specific analysis highlighted a stronger correlation for specific landmarks. Higher median values emerged for women than for men; the subset-based analysis showed that women presented higher values in the malar region, while men presented higher values in the nasal region. The considered surgeries did not affect the FSTT of the patients; differences related to BMI and sex were found. A collection of FSTT mean values was provided for twenty landmarks of pre- and post-operative of female and male subjects. This exploratory analysis gave insights on the behaviour of STT after maxillofacial surgeries that can be applied in the development of predictive methodologies for soft tissue displacements and to study modifications in the facial aspect of the patients.

Factors that may increase the risk of external apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment : Retrospective clinical investigation.

To determine the correlation between external apical root resorption and malocclusion-related variables in patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances. In all, 103patients aged 12-15years and treated with edge-wise appliances either without extractions or with four premolar extractions were included in this retrospective cohort study. External apical root resorption was assessed in the pre- and posttreatment panoramic radiographs of these patients for incisors, canines, premolars, and first molars. Atotal of 2332 teeth were evaluated in 206 panoramic radiographs obtained from 103patients. The gender of the patients, duration of orthodontic treatments, presence of premolar extractions, Angle classification, overbite, overjet and amount of crowding were assessed. Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Mann-WhitneyUtest, and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for statistical analysis of the data. Statistically significant (p < 0.001) root resorption occurred in all examined teeth during orthodontic treatment. The degree of root resorption observed in the premolars was significantly greater in premolar extraction cases than in nonextraction cases. Statistically significant negative correlations were found between the degree of root resorption of the maxillary lateral teeth and between the maxillary first premolar teeth and the amount of maxillary crowding. The orthodontic treatment protocols and the amount of tooth movements achieved were shown to be dependent on the severity of dental malocclusions and they have an influence on the amount of external apical root resorption that occurs during the course of orthodontic treatment.

A case report of Apert syndrome

Link of Video Abstract: https://youtu.be/ahjJloTwZQE Introduction: Apert syndrome (AS) is a rare type 1 acrocephalosyndactyly syndrome, characterized by craniosynostosis, severe syndactyly of the hands and feet, and dysmorphic facial features. It exhibits autosomal dominant inheritance assigned to mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor gene. Case Illustration: We presently describe the case of a 14 years old male patient with acrocephaly, prominent forehead, ocular hypertelorism, proptosis, short and broad nose, pseudoprognathism, crowding of teeth and ectopia, maxillary hypoplasia, low hairline, webbed neck, pectus excavatum, and severe bilateral syndactyly of hands and feet. The examination revealed apical cranium, occipital flattening, enlargement and hypoplasia of the premaxillary opening, crowding, ectopic teeth, tapering of the mandibular apex, and pseudognathia. Conclusion: We reported a 14 years old male patient with AS with craniosynostosis and acrocephalosyndactyly. The characteristics of clinical manifestation of AS should be aware by physicians to be able to diagnose the disease.

Global perspectives in orofacial cleft management and research.

Orofacial clefts (OFCs) refer to clefts of the lip and palate, a heterogeneous group of relatively common congenital conditions that can cause mortality and significant disability if untreated, and residual morbidity even when treated with multidisciplinary care. Contemporary challenges in the field include: lack of awareness of OFCs in remote, rural and impoverished populations; uncertainties due to lack of surveillance and data gathering infrastructure; inequitable access to care in some parts of the world; and lack of political will combined with lack of capacity to prioritise research.OFCs present clinically as either syndromic or non-syndromic, with the latter either being isolated or in conjunction with other malformations; however, many registries still do not differentiate between these fundamentally different entities and lump a spectrum of cleft types and sub-phenotypes together. This has implications for treatment, research and ultimately, quality improvement.This paper deals with the challenges in contemporary management in terms of care and the prospects and possibilities for primary prevention of non-syndromic clefts. In terms of management and optimal care, there are also challenges in the provision of multi-disciplinary treatment and management of the consequences of being born with OFCs, such as dental caries, malocclusion and psychosocial adjustment.

PREVALENCE OF MAXILOFACIAL ABNORMALITIES AMONG CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN UZHGOROD

The article presents a comparative analysis of maxillofacial abnormalities in children and adolescents in Uzhhorod. There is a tendency to increase maxillofacial anomalies depending on the age of the patient. It was established that the smallest number of anomalies is observed in children with a temporary bite, and the largest – in children with a permanent bite. In the conditions of a high level of orthodontic morbidity in the population, the purposeful reduction of the level of pathology and solving the problems of improving orthodontic care for children become especially relevant. Data on the prevalence and structure of maxillofacial anomalies and dentition defects determine the indications for treatment and the scope of treatment and prevention measures in the region.&#x0D; Purpose and task. To study the prevalence of maxillofacial anomalies in children of Uzhgorod in order to determine the scope of treatment and prevention measures.&#x0D; Materials and research methods. The total number of examined patients is 946 children aged 6 to 18, including 447 boys and 499 girls. According to the stages of bite formation of temporary and permanent teeth, the examined children were divided into 4 age groups: 6-9 years early variable bite; 10-12 years late variable bite; 13-15 years the beginning of formation of the bite of permanent teeth: 16-18 years permanent bite 6-9 years early mixed eruption of teeth; 10-12 years late mixed teething; 13-15 years the beginning of the formation of the bite of permanent teeth: 16-18 years the permanent dentition. Statistical data processing was performed on a personal computer using licensed software for the Windows operating system and the standard Statsoft software package. Inc STATISTICA 6.0 2300 East 14th Street Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. The Student's t-test value was used to determine the reliability of the difference in results.&#x0D; Results of the research. The study revealed a high prevalence of dento-maxillary anomalies, reaching 47.1%. The highest need for orthodontic treatment was observed in 16-18 year olds. The most common pathologies were diastema (15.1%), crowding of lower jaw teeth (14.9%), dystopia (12.7%), deep bite (11.4%), crowding of teeth on both jaws (5.9%), crowding of upper jaw teeth (5.3%), tortoamalia (4.0%), progeny (3.2%), cross bite (2.2%), open bite (1.9%), abnormalities in tooth size and shape (1.8%), and prognathia (1.2%).&#x0D; Conclusion. The study revealed a high prevalence of dental mandibular anomalies (47.1%) among children aged 6 to 18 years in Uzhhorod. Therefore, there is a need to expand sanitary and educational efforts, including promoting a healthy lifestyle and early detection and treatment of dental mandibular anomalies.

An Association of Morphological Characteristics of Palatal Rugae and Dental Malocclusion in an Adult Indian Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction The formation of palatal rugae is completed in the early intrauterine stage, and because of their unique and permanent pattern in each individual, they can be utilized in forensics to identify a person. Objective The primary objective of this study was to determine an association between the rugae pattern and the dental malocclusion system described by Angle. Materials and methods A prospective cross-sectional, observational study was conducted on pretreatment dental casts of 400 subjects in an age range of 18-40 years. The samples were divided according to Angle's system of classification of malocclusion into Class I, Class II, and Class III. The number, length, pattern, and orientation of the three anterior-most primary rugae on both sides of the palatal region were studied. Results Significant differences were noted in the mean number of palatal rugae and mean lengths of rugae 1 and 2 on the right side (p < 0.001) and rugae 3 on the left (p < 0.001) side among the different malocclusion groups. Curved and wavy patterns were predominant, and significant differences were found among the groups (p < 0.05), whereas non-significant differences were observed in the rugae orientation between the groups on the right and left sides. Conclusions The current study showed significant differences in the length, number, and pattern of the palatal rugae among Angle's classes of malocclusion. Clinical implications Palatal rugae can be effectively used to identify dental malocclusion at an early stage and can, therefore, help intercept the developing malocclusion.

Prevalence of dental malocclusion and its gender distribution among dental students at Kabul university of medical science

The current study aims to provide quantitative and qualitative information about the prevalence of dental malocclusions among dental students of Kabul University of Medical Sciences (KUMS) in the orthodontics department of Ali Abad Teaching Dental Clinic that evaluates the relationship of malocclusion between gender and the major causes of malocclusion in society among genders and the tendency of the community toward the treatment of dentoalveolar anomalies. This study was a cross-sectional survey that was done randomly among 133 students, 68 male (51.12%) and 65 female (48.87%), in an age range of 18–25 years old at Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Ali Abad teaching dental clinic faculty of dentistry. show the dental malocclusion classes due to “angle" classification in females in Class I (53.48%), Class II (21.4%), and Class III (23.07%), while in males in Class I (48.33%), Class II (6.66%), and Class III (43.33%). The prevalence rate of crowding was 33% in males and 43% in females. It has been studied and analyzed separately that the most common oral problems in females were dental caries (53.84%). According to our survey (65 female participants), no one had periodontitis, while in males, plaque was at a rate of 28.97%, and the least common was gingivitis (6%), respectively. The occurrence of dental trauma in boys and heredity in girls may be the most important factors for dental malocclusion. Girls were more interested in orthodontic treatments, which may be because they pay more attention to beauty than boys. Moreover, crowding had the highest rate among participants, followed by deep, open bites and edge-to-edge bites.

Evaluation of skeletal changes in glenoid fossa, condylar head and articular space following fixed functional appliance therapy using cone beam computed tomography – A clinical prospective study

This study was conducted to evaluate skeletal changes in glenoid fossa, condylar head and articular space following Powerscope appliance therapy using CBCT.This study included twenty patients (age group of 11-15 years) having Class II Division 1 skeletal &amp; dental malocclusion. A pre-treatment CBCT scan (T1) of both TMJs was taken. Following leveling &amp; aligning, Powerscope appliance was inserted, which was sequentially activated using crimpable shims until edge-to-edge bite was obtained. After completion of phase 1 of treatment, another CBCT scan (T2) was taken. Condylar position, length, height, glenoid fossa &amp; articular space measurements were obtained from pre- &amp; post-treatment CBCT scans and data obtained were statistically analysed and compared by Paired-t test.Comparison between T1 &amp; T2 data showed that the condyles were shifted anteriorly by 1.08 mm, condylar length and height increased by 0.26 mm and 0.71 mm, respectively. Glenoid fossa and anterior articular space decreased by 1.50⁰ and 0.23 mm, whereas, middle and posterior articular spaces increased linearly by 2.55 mm and 1.85 mm, respectively.Powerscope shifted the condyle anteriorly, increased its length and height, and reduced the glenoid fossa angle. Anterior articular space decreased whereas middle and posterior articular spaces increased.

A descriptive review on the use of skeletal anchorage in orthodontics (Part I)

Anchorage has been defined as a resistance to unwanted tooth movement. It is imperative for the treatment of both dental and skeletal malocclusions. Skeletal anchorage provides better chances to obtain absolute anchorage in orthodontic tooth movement. The topic of skeletal anchorage is vast and compiling it in one single article will be an injustice to the readers. So, we have divided this into two review articles under the headings of introduction, evolution and historical background, the means of skeletal anchorage which will be discussed in this first part followed by the design and function of screw-type orthodontic mini-implants, placement sites, surgical procedures, loading approaches, biocortical and resorbable implants and conclusion in the second part.

Does using the sociodental approach in oral health care influence use of dental services and oral health of adolescents living in deprived communities? a one-year follow up study

BackgroundOral health needs assessment is important for oral health care planning. This study compared dental treatment needs between normative and sociodental needs. We also longitudinally examined the relationships of baseline sociodental needs measures and socioeconomic status with one-year follow up measures of use of dental services, dental caries, filled teeth, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL).MethodsA prospective study was conducted with 12-year-old adolescents from public schools in deprived communities in the city of Manaus, Brazil. Validated questionnaires were used to collect adolescents’ sex and socioeconomic status, OHRQoL (CPQ11 − 14) and behaviours (sugar intake, frequency of toothbrushing, regular use of fluoridated toothpaste and pattern of dental attendance). Normative need was assessed according to decayed teeth, clinical consequences of untreated dental caries, malocclusion, dental trauma, and dental calculus. The relationships between variables were tested thorough Structural equation modelling.ResultsOverall 95.5% of adolescents had normative dental treatment needs. Of these, 9.4% were classified as high level of propensity. Higher normative/impact need and greater propensity-related need directly predicted use of dental services at one-year follow up. The latter mediated the association of normative/impact need and propensity-related need with incidence of dental caries and filled teeth. Normative/impact need and use of dental services were directly associated with filled teeth at one-year follow up. Poor OHRQoL at one-year follow-up was directly predicted by higher normative/impact need at baseline and less filled teeth at one-year follow up. Greater socioeconomic status was directly associated with better propensity-related need. Socioeconomic status indirectly predicted incidence of dental caries and filled teeth via propensity-related need and use of dental services.ConclusionsSociodental needs measures were related to use of dental services, dental caries, filled teeth and OHRQoL after one year among adolescents living in deprived communities. Adolescents with dental needs treatment priorities according to the sociodental approach had more filled teeth via use of dental services. Dental services utilisation did not attenuate the impact of normative and impact-related need on dental caries incidence and poor OHRQoL after one year. Our findings suggest the importance of developing oral health promotion and enhancing access to dental care to improve oral health of adolescents living in deprived communities.

Clinical and imaging analysis of 22 cases of supernumerary teeth in the mandibular region

PurposeThis study aimed to describe clinical and imaging analysis of supernumerary teeth in the mandibular region of 22 cases. Study designRetrospective study. MethodsThis study enrolled patients diagnosed with supernumerary teeth who underwent cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) at Stomatology Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from August 2016 to September 2022. Participants included individuals aged 7-29 years of both genders. The following variables were examined: number of supernumerary teeth, location, shape, direction, length, relationship with adjacent teeth and surrounding anatomical structures, and secondary effects. ResultsOut of 236 subjects, 22 (6.02%) were found to have supernumerary teeth in the mandibular region, with a total of 62 teeth identified. The male-to-female ratio was 5:6. Most supernumerary teeth were located in the lingual side of the mandibular region, particularly in the 34-35 tooth area (21.66%), followed by the 44-45 tooth region. The vast majority of supernumerary teeth (96.77%) were impacted, and more than half (51.67%) were located near the mental nerve canal. The average length of the supernumerary teeth was 10.5 mm. While no primary complications were observed, some secondary symptoms were noted, such as the ectopic eruption of adjacent teeth and crowding of permanent teeth. ConclusionThe supernumerary teeth in the mandibular area have regional characteristics, which can provide for clinical diagnosis and treatment. CBCT can accurately analyze the location of supernumerary teeth and their secondary effects, and provides the treatment plan on that basis.

Long-term stability of mandibular incisor alignment in patients treated nonextraction with or without interproximal enamel reduction

This study aimed to compare long-term mandibular incisor stability in nongrowing patients with moderate crowding treated nonextraction with and without interproximal enamel reduction (IPR). Forty-two nongrowing patients with Class I dental and skeletal malocclusion with moderate crowding were divided into 2 groups with an equal number of patients depending on whether IPR was used (IPR group) or not (non-IPR group) during treatment. All patients were treated by the same practitioner and used thermoplastic retainers full-time for 12 ± 1 months at the end of the active treatment. Changes in Peer Assessment Rating scores, Little's irregularity index (LII), intercanine width (ICW), and mandibular incisor inclination (IMPA and L1-NB°) were evaluated using pretreatment, posttreatment, and 8 ± 1 years postretention dental models and lateral cephalograms. At the end of the treatment, Peer Assessment Rating scores and LII decreased, and ICW, IMPA, and L1-NB° increased significantly (P<0.001) in both groups. At the end of the postretention period, in both groups, LII increased, and ICW decreased significantly (P<0.001) compared with posttreatment values, whereas IMPA and L1-NB remained stable. When treatment changes were compared, increases in ICW, IMPA, and L1-NB were significantly (P<0.001) higher in the non-IPR group. When postretention changes were compared, the only significant difference between 2 groups was observed in ICW. The decrease in ICW was significantly higher in the non-IPR group. Long-term stability of mandibular incisor alignment in Class I nongrowing patients with moderate crowding treated nonextraction with and without IPR was similar.

Investigation of the Relationship of Impacted Maxillary Canines with Orthodontic Malocclusion: A Retrospective Study.

Impacted canines, which play an important role in smile aesthetics and functional occlusion, can lead to dental and skeletal malocclusions. In this study the aim was to evaluate the relationship between impacted maxillary canines and malocclusion. A total of 151 patients comprising 101 females and 50 males aged between 13 and 33 years were included. The groups were divided based on age, gender, skeletal and dental classification, and sector classification. Angular and linear measurements were performed on lateral cephalometric and panoramic radiographs. In panoramic radiographs, the vertical distance of the impacted canine to the occlusal plane and the angle between it and the bicondylar plane were measured and sector classification was performed according to its relationship with the root of the lateral incisor. Skeletal classification was performed according to the ANB angle on lateral cephalometric radiographs and dental classification by molar relationship via the intraoral photographs. The Chi-square test analyzed independent qualitative and quantitative data using Kruskal-Wallis and Man-Whitney U tests. The statistical significance level was accepted as p < 0.05. According to the intraclass correlation test, an excellent positive correlation was found with 0.985 for canine distance and 0.993 for canine angle between the repeated measurements. The impaction of the maxillary right canine was significantly highest in females and lowest in males. The impacted canine angle was significantly highest in sector 1 and lowest in sector 4. Distance to the occlusal plane was significantly higher in dental Class II and sector 4. It was observed that there was a considerable relationship between impacted maxillary canines and malocclusion; bilateral impacted canines were more frequent in skeletal Class III, and the distance of impacted canines to the occlusal plane increased while their angles decreased both in dental Class II and from sectors 1 to 4.

DENTAL SPACE DISCREPANCIES AMONG ADULT ORTHODONTIC PATIENTS IN AN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION IN MALAYSIA

Malocclusion is an abnormal occlusion with regard to the position of the teeth and shows varied prevalence in different parts of the world. Crowding and spacing of teeth are two common features of malocclusion and are described as a lack or excess of space between the teeth. This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of crowding and spacing of teeth and their severity among Malaysian adults aged 18–25 visiting our institution, as well as their association with gender. A total of 150 adult patients were evaluated for crowding and spacing using the Boley caliper intra-orally. The severity of crowding and spacing was also noted. The study included Malay (70%), Chinese (25%), and Indian (5%) participants. Descriptive statistics were done and it was observed that crowding was more common in the mandibular arch (80%), whereas spacing was a common malocclusion found in the maxilla (14%). Based on the severity of crowding, it was observed that mild crowding (1-3 mm) was most frequent in both the maxilla (45%) and mandible (53%). However, in terms of spacing, moderate spacing (4-6 mm) (5.3%) was common in the maxilla; whereas in the mandible, mild spacing (1-3 mm) (9.3%). The Chi square analysis did not reveal any significant association between crowding and spacing with gender. Based on these results, it can be concluded that crowding is a common malocclusion affecting the mandibular arch, whereas spacing is common in the maxilla in the young Malaysian population visiting our institution. Both of these malocclusions were of the milder type and did not show any association with gender in our study population Studies conducted on a larger population are required to determine the association of these traits between genders and races in our population.

Three-dimensional relationship between the degree of bilateral impacted mandibular third molars angulation and the mandibular dental arch parameters: a cross-sectional comparative study.

The purpose of this study was to three-dimensionally evaluate the relationship between the degree of bilateral impacted mandibular third molar (IM3M) angulation and the mandibular dental arch parameters in normal skeletal and dental malocclusion patients. In this retrospective cross-sectional comparative study, 120 adult subjects' cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were three-dimensionally analyzed. The sample included 120 adults aged 20-30years, with a gender distribution of 51 male and 69 female participants. The sample was divided into 100 adults with bilateral IM3M (study group) and 20 adults with normal bilateral erupted M3M (control group). The study group was sub-divided into three groups according to the degree of IM3M buccolingual angulation (BL°): group A, < 12° on the center of the ridge (N = 30), group B, 12-24° off-center of the ridge (N = 40), group C, > 24° off-center of the ridge (N = 30). The study group was also sub-divided into two groups according to IM3M mesiodistal angulation (MD°): group 1 from 10 to 45° (N = 36), group 2 > 45° (N = 64). Comparison within and between groups was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. The correlation between IM3M, BL, and MD angulation and the mandibular arch parameter was calculated using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.001) were found between the IM3M BL° and anterior teeth inclination, arch length (AL), and inter-second molar width (inter 2nd MW) as well as between the IM3M MD° with anterior crowding and the arch length (P < 0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between IM3M BL° and anterior teeth inclination and between IM3M MD° and anterior teeth crowding and inter 2nd MW. A significant negative correlation was observed between IM3M BL° and inter 1st MW and 2nd MW. The degree of buccolingual and mesiodistal angulation of the impacted mandibular third molars was related with mandibular dentoalveolar changes. Increased buccolingual angulation is generally associated with increased anterior teeth inclination and decreased 1st and 2nd inter-molar width. The increase in mesiodistal angulations was generally related with increased anterior teeth crowding and 2nd inter-molar width. Assessment of the relationship between the impacted mandibular third molars and the degree of arch discrepancy, and the position of mandibular incisors in the three planes of space might help in the decision-making process for the extraction of the impacted third molars in adult patients.

Malocclusion in adolescents in the State of São Paulo: spatial and hierarchical analysis

The scope of this study was to analyze the spatial distribution of malocclusion (MO), estimate the prevalence and evaluate the associated factors in adolescents. It was a study with results of 5,558 adolescents aged 15 to 19 from the São Paulo Oral Health (SB) 2015 survey. The outcome was MO. Sociodemographic aspects, access to dental services, dental caries and tooth loss were the independent variables. A total of 162 municipalities in the state of São Paulo were included and spatial statistics techniques were applied. Hierarchical logistic regression models were performed. The prevalence of MO was 29.3%. There was a spread pattern between the types of MO and positive detachment (p<0,05). Non-white adolescents (OR=1.32, 95%CI: 1.24-1.42), with less years of schooling (OR=1.30, 95%CI: 1.22-1.42), with teeth extracted due to caries (OR=1.40, 95%CI: 1.03-1.88) were more likely to have MO. Adolescent access to dental consultation did not contribute to reducing the chance of developing MO, regardless of whether the dental consultation occurred less (OR=2.02, 95%CI: 1.65-2.47) or more than one year before (OR=1.63, 95%CI: 1.31-2.03). Thus, the occurrence of MO is unequally distributed in the state of São Paulo and associated with sociodemographic conditions, access to consultations and tooth loss due to caries.

Impact of dental fluorosis on the oral health related quality of life of adolescents in an endemic area.

Oral diseases and conditions affect the physical, social, and psychological well-being of an individual. The aim of this study was to determine the association between the severity of dental fluorosis and oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) among 15-year-old school children residing in an endemic area for dental fluorosis in Sri Lanka. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 989, 15-year-old school children who were lifetime residents of Kurunegala district. A validated Sinhala version of the Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ 11-14) was used to assess OHRQoL. Dental fluorosis was assessed using the Thylstrup and Ferjeskov index (TF index) while dental caries and malocclusion were assessed using the WHO Basic Methods and Dental Aesthetics Index (DAI) respectively. In addition, information pertaining to parental level of education, type of toothpaste used, frequency of toothbrushing and use of dental services was also gathered. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was 52%. The overall prevalence of impacts based on the CPQ was 38.2%. The severity of dental fluorosis was not significantly associated with the overall prevalence of impacts. However, the severity of dental fluorosis was significantly associated with three oral impacts namely "having pain in teeth, lips, jaws, or mouth", "felt irritable or frustrated" and "other children teased or called names". According to the multiple logistic regression analysis, use of dental services and moderate to severe malocclusion were significantly associated with poor OHRQoL but not dental fluorosis. The severity of dental fluorosis was not associated with OHRQoL of the participants.

Prevalence of Dental Anomalies in Various Categories of Malocclusion among Orthodontic Patients in the Kosovo Region: A Retrospective Study

Abstract Objectives The objective of this retrospective research was to investigate the prevalence and the association between dental anomalies and malocclusion in a subset of Kosovo's population. Materials and Methods This retrospective descriptive study was conducted by recruiting 557 patients; 215 (38.6%) were males and 342 (61.4%) were females. The age range was from 7 to 44 years. The exclusion criteria were employed for the sample size, and 307 of 864 patients were excluded from the study. Malocclusion groups were divided through Angle's classification, and dental anomalies were defined according to the literature. Pretreatment panoramic radiographs, medical and dental history, study casts, and photographs were included to categorize malocclusion and identify dental anomalies (i.e., hypodontia, ectopic eruption, impaction, and diastema). The data were analyzed with IBM SPSS software version 16.0. The chi-squared test was utilized to calculate the frequency and percentages of malocclusion and dental anomalies. A p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Five hundred and fifty-seven patient records from 2015 to 2020 were included. An increased prevalence of ectopic eruption (24.8%) was found in this study, whereas the least common was hypodontia (7.0%). The most common malocclusion was class I (46.9%). Vertical plane malocclusion demonstrated that 31.4% had a deep bite and 9.5% had an open bite. Most dental anomalies were significantly associated with class I malocclusion and least associated with class III malocclusion. Transverse malocclusion exhibited that 14% had anterior crossbite and 10.8% had posterior crossbite. Posterior crossbite was significantly less in the class III malocclusion group (p = 0.019). Conclusion The prevalence of the selected dental anomalies was overall high in our study; 557 of 864 patients faced dental anomalies. An association was seen between malocclusion and dental anomalies in the Kosovan population, especially with class I malocclusion. Deep bite was prominent in the vertical plane malocclusion, whereas anterior crossbite was the most common finding in the transverse plane. Anterior crowding was prevalent in the maxilla and posterior crowding in the mandible.