Severe Malocclusion Research Articles

Prevalence of Malocclusion in Brazilian Quilombola Adolescents

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion in Quilombola adolescents living in rural area in Northeastern Brazil.Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in which 36 Quilombola adolescents aged 12-19 years were evaluated. Data collection was performed at home between January and April 2020 by a trained researcher using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS software and presented using descriptive statistics.Results: More than two thirds of adolescents had already visited the dentist at least once in life (72.2%), with the last dental visit having occurred less than a year ago (57.7%), with predominance of public dental service (84.6%). There was higher frequency of lower anterior misalignment (86.1%) and dental crowding (83.4%) in two segments (55.6%). Almost all adolescents presented dental malocclusion (97.2%), with very severe or disabling severity (44.4%).Conclusion: The prevalence of very severe malocclusion was high in Quilombola adolescents, expressing the need for treatment of this population.

Malocclusion in children with speech sound disorders and motor speech involvement: a cross-sectional clinical study in Swedish children

ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to investigate the occurrence, types and severity of malocclusions in children with speech sound disorder (SSD) persisting after 6 years of age, and to compare these findings to a control group of children with typical speech development (TSD).MethodsIn total, 105 children were included: 61 with SSD and motor speech involvement (mean age 8:5 ± 2:8 years; range 6:0–16:7 years, 14 girls and 47 boys) and 44 children with TSD (mean age 8:8 ± 1:6; range 6:0–12:2 years, 19 girls and 25 boys). Extra-oral and intra-oral examinations were performed by an orthodontist. The severity of malocclusion was scored using the IOTN-DHC Index.ResultsThere were differences between the SSD and TSD groups with regard to the prevalence, type, and severity of malocclusions; 61% of the children in the SSD group had a malocclusion, as compared to 29% in the TSD group. In addition, the malocclusions in the SSD group were rated as more severe. Functional posterior crossbite and habitual lateral and/or anterior shift appeared more frequently in the SSD group. Class III malocclusion, anterior open bite and scissors bite were found only in the SSD group.ConclusionChildren with SSD and motor speech involvement are more likely to have a higher prevalence of and more severe malocclusions than children with TSD.

Comparison of Malocclusion Prevalence, Type and Severity between Cerebral Palsy and Healthy Subjects: A Prospective Case-Control Study

Background: To analyze the prevalence, type and severity of malocclusions in a group of patients with cerebral palsy (CP) using a facial and occlusal analysis and the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Methods: A prospective, case–control study was made of two groups, a cerebral palsy and a control group, with the determination of the facial and occlusion analysis in the three spatial planes. The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) was used to assess the severity of malocclusion. Results: The patients with CP presented a higher prevalence of increased facial lower third height and a greater tendency towards right-side canine and molar class II malocclusion, narrower transverse relationship and crossbite. The DAI scores were statistically significantly higher in the CP group. Increased physical impairment in the CP group was associated to greater DAI scores. Conclusions: The prevalence and severity of malocclusion were significantly greater in the CP group. The type of malocclusion predominantly found in these patients was molar class II, with open bite, increased overjet and a narrow arch. The CP group also presented mixed breathing with higher DAI scores and decreased facial lower third height.

Epidemiology of Facial Profiles, Occlusal Features, and Orthodontic Treatment Need among Adolescence: A Cross-sectional Study

This study aimed to investigate the incidence and severity of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among randomly selected high school students. A multistage stratified random-sampling study was conducted on 1,036 high school students in Sana'a city. The World Dental Federation and World Health Organization method of occlusal traits and the index of orthodontic treatment need were adopted for measurements. Clinically, the molar relationship and facial profile were examined. Assessment of whether examiner or subject perceived the need for orthodontic treatment was made using the esthetic component index. All data were analyzed using the Chi-square test with a significance level of p <0.05. Normal, convex, and concave facial-profile measurements were found in 81.9, 12.1, and 6.15% of sampled students, respectively. Asymmetrical molar relationship was observed in 16.1% of samples, and most of them were of class I/class II relationships. Increased overjet was noticed in 90.9% of students. Anterior crossbite, deepbite, anterior openbite, posterior openbite, posterior crossbite, and scissor bite accounted for 12.2, 12.8, 3.5, 1.3, 6.6, and 0.6%, respectively. According to the index orthodontic treatment need, 38.9% of students needed some form of orthodontic treatment. Among these cases, 24.3% "definitely" needed treatment, and 59.9% of students needed orthodontic treatment. Our findings suggested a call for a more conservative treatment approach in dealing with malocclusion problems among high school students in all zones of Sana'a governorate, Yemen. A limited number of surveys were performed in Sana'a Governorate to investigate orthodontic treatment needs, facial profiles, and occlusal features among adolescents. The results of this study could guide us to develop a preventive system that minimizes its adverse effects and the need for costly orthodontic treatments.

Important Orthodontic Considerations in Preparation of Orthognathic Surgical Cases

Nowadays some adult patients seeking for orthodontic treatment may present severe malocclusion associated with pronounced skeletal discrepancies. Accordingly, thorough consideration and planning would be beneficial for the patient by the combined efforts of orthodontic and orthognathic approaches. This review reiterated the genetic impact on the growth velocity of the jaw with age in Class III malocclusion, and outlined the treatment protocol for the steps including the initial evaluation, the diagnosis, and the alignment of the teeth and dental arches before and after surgical correction. Specifically, emphasis is addressed on how to obtain records of jaw relationship in centric relation (CR) position. Moreover, the combined efforts in correcting the dental and skeletal Class II jaw discrepancy were defined and discussed.

Impact of severity of malocclusion and self-perceived smile and dental aesthetics on self-esteem among adolescents

The psychological impact of malocclusion, social acceptance, self-esteem, and the development of personality traits are considerations that can affect the demand for orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of malocclusion severity and self-perceived smile and dental aesthetics on self-esteem among adolescents in Lagos, Nigeria. This analytical cross-sectional study was performed among 393 adolescents (210 females and 183 males) at a university teaching hospital in Nigeria. The need for orthodontic treatment was assessed using the Dental Aesthetic Index, whereas self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Smile analysis was performed on photographs of posed smiles, whereas photographs of posed smiles and intraoral frontal view with teeth in centric occlusion were rated with the Visual Analog Scale for self-perception of smile and dental aesthetics. A comparison of variables among self-esteem groups was made using the ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests, whereas an association among all variables was examined using the correlation coefficient. Stepwise regression analysis examined the effects of independent variables on self-esteem. A significant correlation was found between self-esteem and self-perceived smile (r=0.294; P < 0.001) and dental aesthetics (r=0.212; P < 0.001). Adolescents with high self-perceived smile (mean ± standard deviation, 7.66 ± 2.20) and dental aesthetics (6.68 ± 2.58) had higher self-esteem than participants with low self-perceived smile (4.75 ± 2.73) and dental aesthetics (4.36 ± 2.29). Self-perceived smile aesthetics had the most predictive impact on self-esteem. The results showed that self-perception of smile and dental aesthetics is a significant factor that influences self-esteem among adolescents.

Treatment of OSA by maxillomandibular advancement: Serious Complications and Failures

The focus of this report was to analyze patients who presented for second opinion due to complications and failure following maxillomandibular advancement (MMA)performed elsewhere. During a five-year period, 16 patients presented with complications and/or failure of MMA. The indication for treatment was obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Analysis of treatment records including plane radiography and/or cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), progress photographs and clinical examination were performed. Complete clinical and imaging records were available in all patients for analysis. Thirteen patients were surgical failures with advancement ranging from -4 to 5 mm. Five of the 13 patients had limited advancement at the initial surgery, and eight patients had hardware failure that required removal with resultant retrodisplacement of the mandible. Due to complications occurring in 11 patients, additional surgery ranging from two to six additional procedures after the initial operation was required. The complications included hardware failure (ten patients) that led to bone segment displacement (eight patients), non-union of the maxilla (two patients), non-union of the mandible (eight patients), chronic facial and/or joint pain (five patients), facial nerve injury (two patient), complete anesthesia of the lip/chin (five patients) and severe malocclusion (four patients). Although MMA is typically a predictable operation with excellent outcomes, failure of improvement and severe long-term sequelae from surgical complications are possible. Surgical precision with sufficient skeletal advancement for airway improvement and stable skeletal fixation is necessary to achieve a successful outcome.

Is orthognathic surgery indicated for wind instrument players? A multiple case study.

Introduction For the ambitious wind instrument player with severe malocclusion, the decision to undergo orthognathic surgery can be difficult.Aim To qualitatively explore and reveal key aspects of considerations for and outcomes of orthognathic surgery by interviewing a group of advanced and professional wind instrumentalists.Materials and methods One investigator, using a standardised questionnaire, interviewed seven cases. The interviews were analysed by two investigators who are knowledgeable about embouchure.Outcomes An ideal jaw relationship is not a prerequisite to achieving a professional career in music. Complete embouchure loss after surgery can be experienced due to changes in the position of incisors, lip relationship and tongue position relative to the shape of the oral cavity and as a result of neurosensory changes. Neurosensory recovery and 'wind instrument rehabilitation' takes at least six months, which was achieved in three out of five cases. The following temporary or permanent difficulties during playing after surgery were reported: onset of notes, high notes, leaps and intervals, and stable and well-tuned sound.Conclusion In view of the risks involved, orthognathic surgery in wind instrumentalists should only be considered when there is an (oral) health indication.

Parental perception of malocclusion, its severity and aesthetic concerns in children with mixed dentition: A cross-sectional study

This study aimed to associate the parents' perception of the need for treatment and the children's aesthetic concern, considering the influence of malocclusion severity levels. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 770 children aged 8 to 10 years in the mixed dentition stage. A closed question sent to parents assessed the subjective orthodontic treatment need (outcome). Orthodontic Aesthetic Subjective Impact Score (OASIS) evaluated children's aesthetic concerns, and the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) diagnosed the anterior characteristics and malocclusion severity levels. Individual analyses were performed relating the outcome as independent variables. The variables with P<0.20 in the individual analyses were tested in multiple logistic regression models, and those with P<0.10 remained in the model. The adjusted odds ratio was estimated with a 95% confidence interval. Parents of children with higher aesthetic concerns are 1.82 times more likely to believe that their child needs orthodontic treatment (P<0.05). Parents of children with very severe malocclusion are 1.91 times more likely to perceive their child's need for orthodontic treatment (P<0.05). Parents of children with greater aesthetic concerns are more likely to perceive the need for orthodontic treatment, and very severe malocclusion also influences parents' perception of the need for orthodontic treatment.

A comparative study of malocclusion and its severity in the Ottoman period and modern populations

AbstractMalocclusion is a well‐known phenomenon since antiquity. Previous studies found an increase in malocclusion in the modern population. This study was undertaken to assess the frequency and severity of malocclusions in a sample of ancient skulls and to compare these findings with a modern sample, using the same examination protocol. The archaeological sample comprised 63 skulls from Dor, northern Israel, dated to the 16th–19th centuries. Skull examination was performed in maximal occlusion by using a clinically based approach. The modern sample comprised a random, ethnicity‐matched group of 340 school students, aged 11–16 years, who underwent a clinical orthodontic examination. The following parameters were recorded for both groups: Angle's classification, overjet, overbite, crowding, spacing, midlines, and crossbite. Descriptive statistics was obtained for all the parameters examined, and the results were compared between the groups. Differences were considered significant at p &lt; 0.05. The frequency of the occlusal relationships according to Angle's classification in the two groups was different, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.471). However, the main difference between the two groups was recorded in Angle's Class I malocclusion, which was remarkably more prevalent in the modern population, and in a higher prevalence of normal occlusion in the archaeological group. The distribution of malocclusion severity was significantly different in the two groups (p &lt; 0.01). Frequency of crowding in the maxilla (33.9% vs. 15.4%) and mandible (55.3% vs. 29.6%) was significantly higher in the modern group (p &lt; 0.01). The frequency of open bite was higher in the archaeological group (p &lt; 0.01). The secular trend observed in this study could be attributed to poor oral health and inadequate food supply in the past, as well as changes in food processing over the years.

Effect of piezocision procedure in levelling and alignment stage of fixed orthodontic treatment: a randomized clinical trial

This clinical trial compared the time to complete the levelling and alignment stage with flapless piezocision procedure in the treatment of severe maxillary malocclusion with premolar extraction cases. Two-arm parallel group randomized controlled trial was performed at the Orthodontics Unit of Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia. Sixteen patients with severe anterior maxillary crowding (Little’s irregularity index: 7–9 mm) and required bilateral first premolars extraction was recruited. The participants were randomly assigned to a study group according to a simple randomization method using a sealed envelope mentioned about the group name. Both groups were treated with fixed orthodontic appliance using the 0.022-in. slot of McLaughlin Bennett Trevisi prescription brackets. The piezocision group received flapless piezocision corticotomy about 4–5 mm in length and 3 mm depth on the labial mucogingiva between the roots of six anterior teeth. The number of days since treatment started, Little’s irregularity index, gingival recession, pocket depth, pulp vitality, patient perception of the pain and satisfaction level were recorded before the treatment, at about 1 month and 2 months post-treatment, and at the completion of the levelling and alignment stage. The overall time to complete levelling and alignment stage was significantly shorter in the piezocision group than the control group (mean difference = 31.5 days, 95% CI 6.5, 56.5; p = 0.018). Greater reduction in Little’s irregularity index and faster alignment rate in the first 2 months were found in the piezocision group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). No changes in the gingival recession, pocket depth, and pulp vitality in both groups were observed. Patients who received piezocision surgery experienced no or mild pain and were satisfied with the treatment. Flapless piezocision corticotomy is an effective adjunct that shortens treatment time during levelling and alignment stage without any adverse effects on the teeth and surrounding tissues. It is also painless, acceptable and satisfactory to the patients.Trial registration: ACTRN12621001350819.

Accuracy evaluation of orthodontic movements with aligners: a prospective observational study

BackgroundSince their introduction in orthodontics, clear aligners have been appreciated by patients, including adults, for their comfort and low aesthetic impact. Despite the enormous mobilization of financial resources all over the world aimed at producing new product lines, few clinical studies or high-quality evidence have been produced regarding the real effectiveness of such treatment. Given the few limited kinds of research on the subject, this study aims to produce and critically evaluate other data, to establish the concrete reliability of clear aligners in orthodontic therapy.ResultsSignificant sample sizes were obtained for intrusion, vestibulo/lingual (V/L) crown tipping, and rotation. The overall accuracy for rotation resulted in 86%, ranging from 96% for maxillary central incisors to 70.4% for mandibular first premolars. The intrusion was registered only for anterior teeth; mean predictability was 92%, with the worst result being 86.7% for mandibular canines and the best being 98% for mandibular central incisors. V/L tipping was the most accurate movement: 93.1% of the prescribed movement was completed. Maxillary central incisors showed the lowest accuracy (80.7%), while mandibular central incisors were the highest (97.5%).ConclusionsThe present study provided reassuring data in support of the accuracy of the Invisalign® system. Vestibulo/lingual tipping was the most predictable movement, while rotation of canines, premolars, and lateral incisors were the least predictable. Intrusion resulted highly predictable up to 2 mm. When careful treatment planning follows a correct diagnosis, together with the use of auxiliary features and refinements, the planned results can be achieved in a clinically successful way. Authors believe that there is a major need for greater samples to overcome bias related to variables if we want to answer the unsolved questions, such as the predictability of severe malocclusions treatment.

CORRELATION BETWEEN MALOCLUSION LEVELS AND ORAL HYGIENE STATUS IN SMAN 10 BANJARMASIN STUDENTS

Background: A malocclusion is a form of deviation in the location of the teeth or malrelation of the jaw. Malocclusion can cause many problems, one of which is oral hygiene problems. Crowded teeth conditions cause difficulties in cleaning teeth, accumulated food debris can lead to plaque and calculus retention which is a predisposing factor for caries and gingivitis formation which affects the oral hygiene and health. Objective: To determine the relationship between the severity of malocclusion and oral hygiene status in students of SMAN 10 Banjarmasin. Method: This study was an observational study with a cross-sectional approach. The study population was students of SMAN 10 (Senior High School) Banjarmasin with age range of 15-18 years. The research sample was 97 respondents and the sampling technique used simple random sampling technique which was determined based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The highest malocclusion severity level of SMAN 10 Banjarmasin students was in the medium category with 34 people (43%). The oral hygiene status was the highest in the medium category with a total of 42 people (53.2%). The results of the data analysis found that there was a significant relationship of 0,000 (p &lt; 0.05) between the severity of malocclusion and the oral hygiene status on the moderate category in students of SMAN 10 Banjarmasin. Conclusion: There is a relationship between the severity of malocclusion and oral hygiene status in SMAN 10 Banjarmasin students.

Short Versions of the Arabic Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire for Yemeni Adolescents: Cross-Sectional Derivation and Validation.

Objectives: To shorten the 24-item Arabic Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ(A)) for adolescents in Yemen. Material and methods: Two shortening methods derived six-item and nine-item versions: the item impact method selected items with the highest impact scores as rated by 30 participants in each subscale; and the regression method was applied using data of 385 participants from the PIDAQ(A) validity study, with the total PIDAQ(A) score as the dependent variable, and its individual items as the independent variables. The four derived versions were assessed for validity and reliability. Results: The means of the six-item and nine-item short versions of both methods were close. Cronbach’s alpha values extended from 0.90 to 0.92 (intra-class correlations = 0.85–0.88). In criterion validity, strong significant correlations were detected between scores of all short versions and the 24-item PIDAQ(A) score (0.96–0.98; p < 0.001). Construct validity displayed significant associations among all short versions and self-perceived dental appearance rank and self-perceived need for orthodontic braces rank (p < 0.05). Mean scores of all short versions were significantly different between adolescents with severe malocclusion and those with slight malocclusion in discriminant validity tests. In conclusion, all PIDAQ(A) short versions are valid and reliable.

Does Malocclusion Severity affect the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics among Nigerian Adolescents?

The impact of malocclusion on the psyche of an individual could range from mild reservations about teeth appearance to debilitating anxiety about self-image and self-esteem. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychosocial impact of malocclusion, determine its association with severity of malocclusion, and assess the effect of gender, age and academic level on psychosocial impact of malocclusion in Nigerian adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a random sample of 96 adolescents with an age range of 13 to 19 years recruited from patients at a hospital dental clinic in Lagos, Nigeria. A questionnaire was administered having sociodemographic section and the English version of the standardized questionnaire measuring the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics (PIDAQ). The participants were assessed clinically and categorized into four malocclusion severity levels based on their Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) scores. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the sample’s sociodemographic characteristics as well as the mean PIDAQ and DAI scores. Bivariate analysis (ANOVA) was used to investigate the impact of the DAI scores on the mean PIDAQ scores. The interrelation among DAI and PIDAQ was analyzed using correlation analysis. The mean PIDAQ score was 42.5 ± 11.0. Severity of malocclusion as measured by DAI had no significant effect on psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics. The total PIDAQ score and its subscales showed no significant differences (p &gt; 0.05) by age, gender, and academic level. Malocclusion severity has no significant linear relationship with the psychosocial impact of malocclusion.

The impact of malocclusion on the oral health related quality of life of 11\u201314-year-old children

BackgroundThe relationship between malocclusion and the oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children needs to be explored further as existing literature presents conflicting evidence. This study aims to determine the association between malocclusion and OHRQoL of 11–14-year-old children.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 caregiver/child dyads seeking orthodontic consultation at a tertiary care hospital. The OHRQoL was assessed using child perception questionnaire for 11–14-year-old children (CPQ11–14) and the severity of malocclusion was assessed using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). CPQ11–14 scores ranged from 0 to 64, with lower scores representing better quality of life. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess differences between domain and total CPQ11–14 scores.ResultsThe mean CPQ11–14 score was 19.89 ± 9.8. Mean scores for the oral symptoms, functional limitations, emotional well-being, and social well-being domains were 5.26 ± 3.22, 3.67 ± 3.58, 3.98 ± 3.89 and 2.08 ± 2.98, respectively. Normal or slight malocclusion was seen in 37.6%, definite malocclusion was seen in 22.4%, severe malocclusion in 15.2% and handicapping malocclusion in 24.8% of the subjects. In comparisons by pairs, it was found that children with handicapping malocclusion had significantly (p < 0.05) higher scores for the social well-being domain as compared with children having normal/minor malocclusion, indicating a poorer quality of life.ConclusionHandicapping malocclusion had a significant negative impact on the social well-being domain of OHRQoL among 11–14-year-old children in this population.

Assessment of Severity of Malocclusion and Orthodontic Treatment Need Using the Dental Esthetic Index and Angle's Classification: A Retrospective Study

Angle's classification is the most widely used instrument for evaluation of malocclusion. The dental esthetic index (DAI) is a reliable, valid, and universally accepted cross-cultural index adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO) that links objective, clinical, and subjective esthetic factors to produce a single score that reflects the severity and the treatment needs of the malocclusion. The present study aims to evaluate Angle's classification and DAI to assess the severity of malocclusion and treatment needs. This retrospective cross-sectional study was done on pretreatment orthodontics records of 145 male patients and 153 female patients in the age-group 9-42 years with malocclusion who had received or were undergoing orthodontic treatment in the orthodontic department clinics of the College of Dentistry, Jazan University. Preorthodontic study casts, orthopantomography, and lateral cephalometric X-rays were analyzed. DAI scores were calculated, and treatment needs were assessed. Angle's classification of malocclusion was also noted. Among patients with normal or minor malocclusion (DAI score ≤25), a significantly higher percentage of patients were class I (58%) than any other class of malocclusion. Among patients determined to have handicapping malocclusion (DAI score ≥36), significantly higher percentage of patients were class II/1 (44%) than any other class of malocclusion. Class II/1 showed the highest percentage of definite (24%) (DAI score 26-30), severe (19%) (DAI score 31-35), and handicapping malocclusions (44%) (DAI score ≥36). A total of 26% of patients had skeletal class I. A total of 38% of patients had skeletal class II. A total of 36% of patients had skeletal class III. Approximately 13% of patients had maxillary canine impactions and 3% of patients had mandibular canine impactions. The study reported 35% of patients were having handicapping malocclusion (DAI ≥36) and 14% having severe malocclusion (DAI score 31-35). The malocclusion was characterized by a high frequency of anterior crowding. Thus, the complementary use of DAI and Angle's classification, with improvements, helps establish an all-inclusive criterion for screening and prioritizing of patients eligible for receiving subsidized, publicly funded orthodontic care and thus allows better use of limited available resources.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ВОЗРАСТА И ЭСТЕТИЧЕСКИХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ УЛЫБКИ НА ЖИЗНЕННЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ЧЕЛОВЕКА

Subject. A person's individuality depends on the peculiarities of his behavior in the conditions of modern life realities of society, his way of thinking and his communication skills. All the features of human behavior are interconnected, but some of them, in our opinion, play the most decisive role in life, in particular the appearance of a person. The dental status, namely, the ideal smile, is taken into account not only as a dentofacial composition, but also determines the special role of the aesthetic aspect of orthopedic rehabilitation, which is an integral part of the form of individual and collective life activity of a modern person. Thus, the study of aesthetic problems remains especially relevant dental care being provided to the dental patients.&#x0D; The aim is to study the relationship between the influence of age and aesthetic parameters of a smile on the sociability of patients.&#x0D; Methodology. Our study involved 30 male and female patients aged 30 to 40 years. We conducted the main (collecting anamnesis, study of diagnostic models) and additional (analysis of the results of the assessment of the dental aesthetic index (DAI)) research methods and questionnaires according to the V.F. Ryakhovsky test "Assessment of the level of sociability".&#x0D; The results of the study. Analysis of the results of the study allows us to conclude that 50% of patients from the examination group of the age category of 30-40 years have severe and very severe malocclusion, which directly affects the harmony of the smile. People smile less, they are embarrassed to speak, communication efficiency is not high, thus one of the conditions for building a successful career is not achieved. &#x0D; Conclusions. Having completed our research, we came to the conclusion that the age of the studied patients and the state of the dental system affect people's communication efficacy. Thus, dental health has a significant impact to the components of human well-being.

Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among 15-year-old adolescents of the Arkhangelsk region

Relevance. Purpose of the study to assess the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among 15-year-old adolescents of the Arkhangelsk region.Materials and methods. This cross-sectional study is a part of the Third National dental examination of children and adolescents of the Russian Federation. The sample consisted of 1091 teenagers from 7 urban and 5 rural settlements. The study assessed the prevalence of malocclusion and calculated the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) to evaluate orthodontic treatment needs according to the sex and place of residence. The prevalence of malocclusion was presented by proportions with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) calculated by the Wilson method. Categorical variables were compared using Pearson’s chi-squared test. The numeric variables were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney test. Results. The malocclusion prevalence was 67% (95% CI: 64,2–69,8) without sex or location of residence differences. The mean DAI score was 24,0 (95% CI: 23,2–24,8) for the rural and 22,9 (22,5–23,4) for the urban adolescents (p &lt; 0,001). 33,5 % of the 15-year-olds needed orthodontic treatment, with no differences in sex or place of residence. 18,7% of adolescents exhibited overt malocclusion, 9,7% had severe malocclusion, and 5,0% – very severe.Conclusions. The prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs in the Arkhangelsk region remain high. The mean DAI score was higher in rural than in urban adolescents. All the above mentioned indicates the necessity to prevent and timely treat orthodontic pathology in adolescents.

Evaluation of Dentoalveolar and Soft Tissue Changes in Adult Class II Malocclusions Treated with Different Modalities

Class II correction demands various approaches depending upon the patient&rsquo;s growth potential, severity of malocclusion, and patient compliance. Aim is to evaluate the orofacial soft and hard tissue changes with three different treatment approaches namely enmasse distalization, AMO and Camouflage treatment. 45 adult skeletal class II patient records equally segregated into three clusters based on the treatment approach employed. Both pre-treatment and post-treatment lateral cephalograms wer