Malnutrition Status Research Articles

Nexus of Socio-economic Background of Parents and Malnutrition of Children in Kanam Communities of Plateau State, Nigeria

This study examined the socio-economic background and knowledge of parents as well as the malnutrition status of children aged 6-59 Months in Kanam Communities, Plateau State. A total population of 697 parents was sampled based on their attendance at the various meetings held in the communities, with the researchers as respondents to research questions 1 and 3. For research question 2, Body Mass Index (BMI) of 511 children whose parents consented were screened. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected through semi-structured questionnaires from the participants. Data entry and statistical analysis were carried out using SPSS Software Version 26 and Microsoft Excel. Descriptive Statistics like frequency and percentage were employed to provide answers to the research questions raised in the study. The major findings show that the socio-economic background of the parents was poor in terms of educational level, yearly income, settlement residence, and family size. Another interesting finding shows that mothers were more involved at the interaction level with children than fathers. It was also established that there was a high rate of malnutrition among children in the communities. Recommendations made include the need for stakeholders to improve the preparation of nutritious food. Federal, State, and Local Governments and other stakeholders should take bold steps to reduce poverty and hardship among parents, especially those in rural communities with poor socio-economic backgrounds, through poverty alleviation programmes. Finally, parents need to be properly educated on childcare practices that can improve their daily lives and reduce the challenges involved when a child is malnourished.

Determination of Disease-Related Risk Factors, Malnutrition Status, and Quality of Life of Individuals Receiving Treatment for Head and Neck Cancer: A Case-Control Study

Background This study aimed to investigate disease-related risk factors, malnutrition status, and life quality of individuals receiving treatment for head and neck cancer. Methods This study which was done at a private hospital for 1 year, was comprised of 42 individuals, with 21 head and neck cancer patients (PG) and 21 controls (CG). Anthropometric measurements were taken, and biochemical parameters were analyzed. The NRS-2002 test was applied to assess malnutrition status. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Head and Neck Module (EORTC-QLQ-H&N-35) were used to determine individuals’ life quality. Results Smokers were 10.264 times more likely to develop the disease than nonsmokers. When serum albumin level increased by 1 unit, the risk of the disease decreased by 32.8%. Results indicated that patients with a risk of malnutrition exhibited statistically significant levels of pain, verbal communication, social-eating, sexuality, limited mouth-opening capacity, and weight-loss compared to those without a risk of malnutrition (p < 0.05). Conclusion Malnutrition status of individuals was found to affect quality of life. Smoking and low serum albumin levels have been found to be risk factors for head and neck cancer.

The Relationship Between the Incidence of Malnutrition Status with Exclusive Breastfeeding for Toddlers 0-59 Months at Posyandu Kenanga Subang Regency

The Relationship Between the Incidence of Malnutrition Status with Exclusive Breastfeeding for Toddlers 0-59 Months at Posyandu Kenanga Subang Regency

VITAMIN A SUPPLEMENTATION COVERAGE AND PREVALENCE OF MALNUTRITION STATUS AMONG TODDLERS IN SIDOARJO, INDONESIA

Background: A toddler's nutrition status is an essential indicator of public welfare, and the occurrence of malnutrition leads to severe problems that impact child growth development. Purpose: This research aims to understand the coverage correlation of giving vitamin A with the occurrence of malnutrition among toddlers in Sidoarjo regency. Methods: The researchers used ecological study methods followed by the usage of secondary data retrieved from Sidoarjo's Regency Health Profile in 2020-2022 with a sub-district analysis unit. Vitamin A coverage and the nutrition status amount by sub-district were visualized on the map using QGIS. Pearson's correlation test was used to find out the correlation between coverage of giving vitamin A and nutrition status. Results: The findings show that there are none of the significant correlations found between giving vitamin A and the occurrence of malnutrition in toddlers, which tends to increase annually. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that there is no significant correlation between the coverage of vitamin A and the occurrence of malnutrition among toddlers, which indicates there are a few factors and risks that play an essential role in participating in the impact of malnutrition status among toddlers in Sidoarjo regency.

Related factors of the nutritional status of malnutrition in Cham ethnic children aged 6-24 months

Background: This study aims to identify factors related to the nutritional status of children aged 6-24 months of the Cham ethnic group in Tan Chau town, An Giang province in 2018. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. Cham ethnic children aged from 6 to 24 months at the time of the survey and their mothers living in Tan Chau town, An Giang province were included in the study as subjects. Results: In the underweight group, the risk of malnutrition for subsequent children is 2.5 times higher compared to the first-born children in the family, and this difference is statistically significant with p&lt;0.05. Among the underweight, stunted, and wasted groups, children with a birth weight of less than 2500 grams have a higher rate of malnutrition compared to those with a birth weight of 2500 grams or more, but this difference is not statistically significant with p&gt;0.05. In the underweight and wasted groups, children who frequently fall ill have a higher rate of malnutrition compared to those who do not fall ill often; however, this difference is not statistically significant with p&gt;0.05. No correlation has been found between the presence of congenital disabilities and the condition of stunting in children with p&gt;0.05. Conclusions: Several factors related to the personal lives of Cham ethnic children aged 6-24 months contribute to the state of malnutrition. It is necessary to enhance communication and counseling efforts to help reduce the malnutrition rate among children in the area as well as within the community.

The Relationship Between Family Food Security and The Nutritional Status of Toddlers in Tamalate Sub-District, Makassar City

Food security is a condition where food is sufficiently available for one's body. The magnitude of the impact caused by the lack of food security makes it necessary to pay attention to its availability because this can cause problems of malnutrition so that health status decreases. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between family food security and the nutritional status of toddlers in Tamalate sub-district, Makassar City. The method used is observational using the design case-control with descriptive research design using quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data collection was carried out by means of observation, interviews with mothers who have children aged 23-60 months as many as 73 toddlers. The results showed that toddlers who experienced Normal Nutrition were as many as 24 toddlers with Food Resilience, followed by Light Food Insecurity 12 toddlers with Malnutrition status with a value of 0.05 P-Value = 0.045 &lt; 0.05 and it can be concluded that there is a relationship between food security and the nutritional status of toddlers in the Tamalate Health Center environment which is located in Kel. Pr Tambung Kec. Tamalate Makassar City. This research can then be used as information material for further related research.

Critical outcomes to be included in the Core Outcome Set for nutritional intervention studies in older adults with malnutrition or at risk of malnutrition: a modified Delphi Study

IntroductionAs part of the development of an agreed minimum set of outcomes or Core Outcome Set (COS) for future nutritional intervention trials in older adults with malnutrition or at risk of malnutrition, this work reports on the Delphi surveys and final consensus.MethodsOutcomes from a scoping review were incorporated into a two-round Delphi survey. Researchers and healthcare professionals experienced in malnutrition in older adults were invited to take part in an online survey to rate 38 selected outcomes on a nine-point Likert scale ranging from ‘not important’ to ‘critical’ for their setting (community, hospital, or long-term care). Consensus for inclusion was reached when ≥75% (or ≥60% if a patient-reported outcome) of the participants scored the outcome as ‘critical’ and <15% as ‘not important’. Resulting outcomes were voted for inclusion or exclusion in the COS in a final online consensus meeting.ResultsNinety-three and 72 participants from diverse professional backgrounds and countries participated in the 1st and 2nd Delphi round, respectively. After both rounds eleven outcomes met the inclusion criteria, largely irrespective of setting. Fifteen participants, representing academia, health care, health policy, industry, and PPI, voted in a final online consensus meeting resulting in ten outcomes: malnutrition status, dietary intake, appetite, body weight or BMI, muscle strength, muscle mass, functional performance, functional limitations, quality of life, and acceptability of the intervention.ConclusionsTen outcomes will form the COS which is intended to be used by the scientific community in all future nutritional intervention studies for older adults with malnutrition or at risk of malnutrition. The subsequent phase will establish the appropriate methods to measure these outcomes.

Nutritional status and risk of malnutrition

Nutritional status and risk of malnutrition

Study the malnutrition status of children aged 6-24 months of the Cham ethnic group in Tan Chau town, An Giang province in 2018

Background: In recent years, according to the investigation report of the Institute of Nutrition, the malnutrition rate of children in remote, faraway, and ethnic minority areas is still high compared to children in other regions. Studying the malnutrition status of children aged 6 to 24 months of the Cham ethnic group in Tan Chau town, An Giang province is a practical need to provide some scientific evidence for interventions to reduce the malnutrition rate of children in the locality. This study aims to explore the nutritional status of children aged 6-24 months of the Cham ethnic group in Tan Chau town, An Giang province in 2018. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Subjects: Cham ethnic children from 6 to 24 months old at the time of the survey and the mothers of the children living in Tan Chau town, An Giang province. Results: Research shows that the average weight and length increase with age group, and boys have higher corresponding average values than girls. The malnutrition group has the highest malnutrition rate in the age group of 6-12 months at 27.2% and the lowest in the age group of 19-24 months at 2.6%. Undernourished group in the Stunted category has the highest undernourishment rate in the age group of 6-12 months at 44.1% and the lowest in the age group of 19-24 months at 25.7%. Undernourished group in the Wasted category has the highest undernourishment rate in the age group of 13-18 months at 13.9% and the lowest in the age group of 19-24 months at 2.6%. Conclusions: The malnutrition status of children aged 6-24 months of the Cham ethnic group in Tan Chau town, An Giang province in 2018 is still quite high.

Calcium deficiency is associated with malnutrition risk in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

ABSTRACT Background and Aim Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often have the condition of malnutrition, which can be presented as sarcopenia, micronutrient deficiencies, etc. Trace elements (magnesium, calcium, iron, copper, zinc, plumbum and manganese) belonging to micronutrients, are greatly vital for the assessment of nutritional status in humans. Trace element deficiencies are also the main manifestation of malnutrition. Calcium (Ca) has been proved to play an important part in maintaining body homeostasis and regulating cellular function. However, there are still a lack of studies on the association between malnutrition and Ca deficiency in IBD. This research aimed to investigate the role of Ca for malnutrition in IBD patients. Methods We prospectively collected blood samples from 149 patients and utilized inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to examine their venous serum trace element concentrations. Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association between Ca and malnutrition. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to calculate the cutoffs for determination of Ca deficiency. Results Except Ca, the concentrations of the other six trace elements presented no statistical significance between non-malnutrition and malnutrition group. In comparison with the non-malnutrition group, the serum concentration of Ca decreased in the malnutrition group (89.36 vs 87.03 mg/L, p = 0.023). With regard to ROC curve, Ca < 87.21 mg/L showed the best discriminative capability with an area of 0.624 (95% CI: 0.520, 0.727, p = 0.023). Multivariate analyses demonstrated that Ca < 87.21 mg/L (OR = 3.393, 95% CI: 1.524, 7.554, p = 0.003) and age (OR = 0.958, 95% CI: 0.926, 0.990, p = 0.011) were associated with malnutrition risk. Serum Ca levels were significantly lower in the malnutrition group than those in the non-malnutrition group among UC patients, those with severe disease state or the female group. Conclusions In patients with IBD, Ca deficiency is an independent factor for high malnutrition risk.

The Role and Participation of Family Welfare Empowerment Cadres (PKK) in Stunting Prevention: A Case Study in Bojonegoro

Stunting which is a condition of chronic malnutrition since 1000 days of a child's life is still a health problem in Indonesia, ranked second in the world. Empowerment of health cadres is one of the efforts made by the government in improving the nutritional health of toddlers. This study underscores the urgency of understanding the role and participation of Family Welfare Empowerment (PKK) cadres in stunting prevention. The purpose of the study was to analyze the role and level of participation of PKK cadres in implementing stunting prevention programs. The research method included qualitative research with a case study type, using in-depth interviews and observations of PKK cadres as data collection techniques. While the data analysis technique was carried out descriptively using interactive analysis techniques. The results showed that PKK cadres serve as important mediators in disseminating nutrition and health information, as well as facilitating community access to health services. The implications of these findings highlight the importance of empowering PKK cadres as an effective strategy in combating stunting, and emphasize their vital role in supporting child health and sustainable community development.

Effect of Substitution of Cowpea Sprouts Flour (Vigna unguiculata L.) and Sorghum Flour (Sorghum bicolor L.) of Chemical Quality and Organoleptic Quality on Biscuits as Supplementary Feeding Recovery for Protein Energy Malnutrition School Age Children

Abstract: Malnutrition status in school-age children (5 – 12 years) based on BMI/U nationally reaches 9.2% (very thin category 2.4% and thin 6.8%) while the prevalence of malnutrition in East Java Province is 8% and Malang city region is 7.69%. Overcoming PEM in school-age children by providing diet therapy in the form of Providing Supplementary Food to School Children (PMT-AS). Additional food based on local food ingredients using cowpea sprout flour (Vigna unguiculata L.) and sorghum flour (Sorghum bicolor L.). The aim of the research was to analyze the effect of substitution of cowpea sprout flour and sorghum flour on the chemical quality and organoleptic quality of biscuits as PMT for PEM school-age children. This type of experimental research with a RAL design consists of 4 treatment levels with 3 repetitions, namely P0 (100:0:0), P1 (40:55:5), P2 (40:45:15), P3 (40:35:25). The chemical quality results of biscuits using the calculated value method are carbohydrate content (59.27 – 62.27 g/100 g), protein content (7.31 – 10.56 g/100 g), fat content (16.16 – 16.64 g/100 g), and energy value (423.75 – 428.45 Kcal). The organoleptic quality of biscuits had a significant effect on the panelists’ liking for color (p=0.000), taste (p=0.000), and aroma (p=0.000) but did not have a significant effect on texture (p=0.221). The best formulation of PMT biscuits with the substitution of cowpea sprout flour and sorghum flour for PEM school-aged children is treatment P2 (40:45:15).

Abstract PO1-02-12: Nutritional guidance effect on anthropometric and inflammatory parameters in young women with breast cancer

Abstract Background Young women with breast cancer (YWBC) debut with more aggressive and advanced diseases; it may be related to chronic inflammation caused by the tumor. However, in Latin America, breast cancer is also related to malnutrition conditions such as obesity. Malnutrition is commonly associated with physiological adaptations to stress and inflammation resulting in muscle catabolism and loss of functionality, which may affect oncology outcomes. Our research group had previously reported that YWBCs in Mexico are overweight or obese at diagnosis. Although they received educational support, this malnutrition prevalence continues or increases during the follow-up. A limitation of this previous study is that we only have data such as weight and height and miss other anthropometric parameters to measure the metabolic impact of weight gain. Body composition assessment is valuable for measuring malnutrition, obesity, and sarcopenia. The body composition assessment with Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) provides valuable parameters such as phase angle (PhA), which correlates with nutritional status, disease prognosis, inflammation, cell health, and metabolic activity. BC patients with a PhA &amp;gt;5.6 show a better survival rate. Another accessible tool to evaluate systemic inflammation is the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Higher NLR (&amp;gt;2.12) is associated with worse disease-free and overall survival. This pilot study aims to measure the importance of PhA and NLR in YWBC with early breast cancer at diagnosis and at 12 months to evaluate the effects of personal nutritional guidance on these parameters. Methods Patients included in the “Joven &amp; Fuerte (J&amp;F) navigator program” of the National Institute of Cancerology (INCan) from 2021 to 2022 were invited to participate in this observational study. To evaluate the efficacy of personal nutritional guidance in anthropometric and NLR parameters, basal and 12-month BIA and anthropometric measures such as the Waist-Hip index were assessed, and NLR was obtained from the patient's records. Results Eleven early breast patients agreed to participate in the pilot intervention. The median age of the participants was 37 years. The majority had local advanced disease (54.5%), regarding molecular subtype luminal was the more frequent subtype (45.5%), followed by HER2 (36.4%), triple-negative (18.2%). According to BMI at diagnosis, 18.2% had normal-weight, 63.6% were overweight, and 18.2% had obesity. At follow-up, 9.1% had normal-weight, 63.6% were overweight, and 27.3% had obesity. A significant change in body composition parameters was observed, the percentage of patients with excess adipose tissue increased from 54.5% at baseline to 81.1%. All patients exhibited cardiovascular risk, as indicated by a Waist-Hip ratio greater than 0.80, and maintained a PhA (5.2 at baseline, 5.5 final) associated with overall survival risk. No significant changes were observed in the NLR ratio (2.14 baseline, 2.34 final), maintaining the related risk for this parameter. Conclusions This pilot analysis suggests that a nutritional intervention based only in nutritional guidance and support seems inefficient in impacting nutritional or inflammatory parameters. A multidisciplinary intervention involving multidisciplinary healthcare teams, including rehabilitation, and psychology, may be required to achieve therapeutic effectiveness in this population. Further studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to confirm these findings and determine the most effective strategies to improve the nutritional status, cardiovascular health, and clinical outcomes of YWBC. Anthropometric and inflammatory parameters a The values presented as median and interquartile range, Wilcoxon. b The values presented as mean and standard deviation, paired t-test. Citation Format: Aline Barranco-Cortés, Fernanda Sarahi Fajardo-Espinoza, Ana Lorena Espadas-Vargas, Dana Aline Pérez-Camargo, Sara Aileen Cabrera-Nieto, Marlid Cruz-Ramos, Alejandro Mohar, Lucero Itzel Labra Alvarado, Cynthia Mayté Villarreal Garza. Nutritional guidance effect on anthropometric and inflammatory parameters in young women with breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO1-02-12.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PRAKTIK IBU DALAM PEMBERIAN MAKANAN BAGI BALITA USIA 12-60 BULAN BERSTATUS GIZI KURANG DI WILAYAH PUSKESMAS LENGKONG KABUPATEN NGANJUK

Nutritional status in children under five is closely related to various factors, including maternal age, maternal education, family income, maternal nutritional knowledge, maternal attitudes and maternal practices in providing food. This study aims to determine the factors that influence mothers' practices in providing food to toddlers aged 12-60 months with malnutrition status in the Lengkong Community Health Center area. Method The type of research is quantitative research, with a cross sectional study approach. The research sample was mothers who had toddlers aged 12-60 months with malnutrition, a total of 30 children taken using purposive sampling. Nutritional status data based on anthropometric measurements of BW/U is compared with the WHO_NCHS Z-score value. Data analysis was carried out using univariate analysis and bivariate analysis. The results of bivariate analysis showed mother's age (p= 0.713), mother's last education (p=0.015), family income (p=0.256). maternal nutritional knowledge (p-0333), and maternal attitude (p=0.006). Meanwhile, from the multivariate analysis, it was found that maternal education (p=0.216), maternal family income (p=0.462) and maternal attitude (p=0.998). Based on the results of the multivariate analysis, the mother's attitude factor is the factor that has the most influence on the malnutrition status of children under five because the value obtained is &lt;0.998. The discussion of factors that influence mothers' practices in providing food for toddlers with low nutritional status is due to the characteristics of the mother, education and family income), knowledge and attitudes. In conclusion, it can be concluded that there are three factors that influence mothers' practices in providing food for toddlers aged 12-60 months with malnutrition status, namely maternal education, family income and maternal attitudes.

Hubungan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif, Kelengkapan Imunisasi Dasar dan Penyakit Infeksi pada Balita Usia 1-5 Tahun dengan Kejadian Wasting Di Kabupaten Tuban

Wasting is a malnutrition condition where the toddler's weight does not match the height or z-score value of &lt; - 2SD. One of the direct factors that affect the nutritional status of toddlers or the occurrence of wasting is a history of exclusive breastfeeding, completeness of basic immunizations and infectious diseases. This study aims to analyze the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding, completeness of basic immunization, and infectious diseases with the incidence of wasting in toddlers aged 1-5 years in Tuban Regency. This type of research is cross sectional. The population in this study of all wasting toddlers in Tuban Regency in 2022 was 6,240, and a sample of 400 wasting toddlers from 10 health centers with the highest wasting prevalence in Tuban Regency. The sampling technique used is cluster random sampling, a collection method using secondary data from each puskesmas. The results of the study conducted after being analyzed using SPSS 26 for windows with the spearman test obtained (p &lt; 0.05) then H1 was accepted. For exclusive breastfeeding history (p = 0.000), baseline immunization history (p = 0.000) and infectious disease history (p = 0.000).

Serum Cytokines Correlate with Pretreatment Body Mass Index-adjusted Body Weight Loss Grading and Cancer Progression in Patients with Stage III Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Followed by Surgery

Serum Cytokines Correlate with Pretreatment Body Mass Index-Adjusted Body Weight Loss Grading and Cancer Progression in Patients with Stage III Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Followed by Surgery. Circulating cytokines have been linked to the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its associated malnutrition process. Nonetheless, given the varied disease stages and treatment modalities in previous studies, the clinical relevance of their findings is limited. We retrospectively studied 52 patients with stage III ESCC who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and curative-intent surgery. We investigated the association of clinicopathological features, pretreatment laboratory data, and pretreatment inflammatory status, as indicated by the levels of albumin, C-reactive protein, and 10 circulating cytokines, namely tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma, interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β), IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17A, and IL-23, with malnutrition, as shown by body mass index-adjusted body weight loss (BMI-BWL) grading, cancer progression. Half the patients showed severe malnutrition and high BMI-BWL grades (3 and 4). Multivariate analysis revealed an independent association between the levels of three cytokines (TNF-α, ≤ 5.8 pg/ml; IL-1β, > 0.4 pg/ml; IL-6, ≤ 12.4 pg/ml) and high BMI-BWL grades and between IL-4 levels > 22.5 pg/ml and cancer progression. All 10 cytokines were closely correlated with each other. In conclusion, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were independent markers of malnutrition status and IL-4 was a prognostic factor for cancer progression in this patient population.

Assessment of frailty, daily life activities, and nutrition of elderly immigrants: A household based cross-sectional study.

With the global migrant population on the rise, it's imperative to focus on the health status of more vulnerable groups within these communities. The elderly immigrants face myriad physical and psychosocial challenges that significantly impact their health and quality of life. This study aims to investigate the nutrition, daily life activities, and clinical frailty status of elderly immigrants residing in Türkiye. A cross-sectional design was employed in the Sultanbeyli District, focusing on Syrian immigrants aged 65 and over. Participants were surveyed face-to-face by interpreters proficient in Arabic. The questionnaire comprised sociodemographic details, health status, and scales like Katz Daily Life Activities, Clinical Frailty, and Mini Nutritional Assessment. The data analysis was executed using SPSS 22. Continuous variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and median, while categorical ones were expressed in numbers and percentages (%). A significance level of P < .05 was considered for the analyses. The average age of the participants was determined as 71.64 ± 6.20 years. In the study group, 49.7% were female, 75.5% were younger than 75 years old, 47.7% had less than primary school education, 56.3% were married, 42.4% had a low income level, and 56.9% lived in the same household with 5 or more people. Among the participants in the study group, 47% had walking and balance problems, 29.1% had a history of falls in the last year, 10.6% were disabled, 69.5% complained of pain, 82.8% had a chronic illness, and 43% had polypharmacy. The median value of the KATZ Daily Living Activities scale was 6, the mean score of the Clinical Frailty Score scale was 3.25 ± 1.25, and the mean score of the Mini Nutritional Assessment scale was 12.40 ± 2.15. Among immigrant elderly individuals, 88.1% were able to sustain their lives independently, 13.9% were clinically frail, and 3.3% were at risk of malnutrition. Factors such as age, level of education, socioeconomic status, marital status, number of cohabitants in the household, BMI, neurological problems, walking-balance disorders, disability, and presence of chronic diseases are associated with daily life activities, frailty, and malnutrition status. It is believed that broader field research with greater participation would be beneficial for evaluating the nutritional status of immigrant elderly individuals.

Treatment outcome of pneumonia and its associated factors among pediatric patients admitted to Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia.

Pneumonia is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children worldwide. Despite its substantial impact, there exists a dearth of evidence regarding treatment outcomes and related factors, particularly within the Ethiopian context. This study endeavors to address these critical gaps by examining the treatment outcome of pneumonia among pediatric patients hospitalized in the Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized University Hospital. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 204 children (≤14 years of age) diagnosed with pneumonia and admitted to the Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized University Hospital. An interview using a structured questionnaire accompanied by a review of medical records was used to collect data from the parents/guardians. A binary logistic regression model with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to identify the associated factors with the outcome variable. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05 in the multivariable analysis. Among the 204 children (≤14 years) included in the study, 119 (93.6%, 95% CI: 90.2-96.9) patients with pneumonia survived whereas 13 (6.4%, 95% CI: 3.1-9.7) died. Multivariable logistic regression analysis, after adjustments for potential confounders, revealed that children who had malnutrition (AOR = 3.5, 95% CI: 2.37-12.44), were unvaccinated (AOR = 3.41, 95% CI: 2.25-11.87), had altered mental states during admission (AOR = 4.49, 95% CI: 2.28-17.85), and had complicated types of pneumonia (AOR = 5.70, 95% CI: 2.98-15.09) were independently associated with mortality. Poor treatment outcome was 6.4% among pediatric patients admitted with pneumonia in this study setting. Being unvaccinated, malnourished, and admitted with a complicated type of pneumonia as well as having altered consciousness at the time of admission were significantly associated with poor treatment outcomes. These findings underscore the critical need to prioritize preventative measures against malnutrition and unvaccinated status in children. Early identification of such children and proper interventions are imperative to reducing such outcomes, particularly in resource-constrained settings.

Prognostic value of combined psoas muscle mass and controlling nutritional status in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a retrospective cohort study.

Pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely poor prognostic disease. Even though multidisciplinary treatment for PDAC has developed, supportive therapies, such as nutritional therapy or perioperative rehabilitation to sustain and complete aggressive treatment, have not yet been well-established in PDAC. The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between the combined index using psoas muscle mass index (PMI) values and controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score and prognosis. We included 101 patients diagnosed with PDAC who underwent radical pancreatectomy with regional lymphadenectomy. The cut-off value was set at the first quartile (male, 6.3 cm2/m2; female 4.4 cm2/m2), and patients were classified into high PMI and low PMI groups. A CONUT score of 0 to 1 was classified as the normal nutritional status group, and 2 or more points as the malnutritional status group. Patients were further divided into three groups: high PMI and normal nutrition (good general condition group), low PMI and low nutrition (poor general condition group), and none of the above (moderate general condition group). We performed a prognostic analysis of overall survival (OS), stratified according to PMI values and CONUT scores. In the poor general condition group, the proportion of elderly people over 70 years of age was significantly higher than that in the other groups (p < 0.001). The poor general condition group had a significantly worse prognosis than the good and moderate general condition groups (p = 0.012 and p = 0.037). The 5-year survival rates were 10.9%, 22.3%, and 36.1% in the poor, moderate, and good general condition groups, respectively. In multivariate analysis, poor general condition, with both low PMI and malnutrition status, was an independent poor prognostic factor for postoperative OS (hazard ratio 2.161, p = 0.031). The combination of PMI and CONUT scores may be useful for predicting the prognosis of patients with PDAC after radical surgery.

Permainan ULTAJAS (Ular Tangga Jajanan Sehat) Terhadap Peningkatan Pengetahuan Anak Tentang PJAS (Pangan Jajanan Anak Sekolah)

Introduction: PHBS is an effort to provide learning experiences that create conditions for individuals, families and groups by opening lines of communication, providing information and providing useful education to increase knowledge and attitudes regarding clean and healthy living behavior through approaches, creating an atmosphere and empowering the community. Objective : to increase children's knowledge about healthy and nutritious snacks and make efforts to reduce the malnutrition status of healthy and unhealthy snacks. Method: Health education methodology that includes self-health. Participants in this consultation are expected to be able to implement a comprehensive strategy, especially in creating new behaviors, especially PHBS, in the school and community environment. Result: From the results of the study it can be concluded that before delivering the health consultation material as many as 2 people (0.3%) were able to answer questions before the material was delivered, 3 people (0.5%) did not know. Participants did not know about healthy snacks, 1 person (0.2%) participants did not know, participants did not know about healthy snacks. After health counseling, the knowledge of PHBS healthy snack participants increased 100% to 6 people. Conclusion: Expanding knowledge about healthy snacking is a great start for teaching clean and healthy living habits in everyday life. After knowing the characteristics of unhealthy snacks and the dangers of unhealthy snacks, it is hoped that children will stop buying unhealthy snacks.