Shopping Mall Research Articles

Deploying a Low-Cost Wi-Fi-Based Vehicular Ad Hoc Network in a Shopping Mall Parking Lot: An Empirical Study

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have the potential to reduce car accidents by facilitating connectivity and warning message exchange between vehicles, both on roads and in parking lots. This research endeavored to accomplish three primary goals: conducting a field measurement in the parking lot of a large shopping mall in Auckland, developing an OPNET-based simulation model to analyze and validate the system performance, and analyzing the compatibility between five selected radio propagation models (Free-space, Shadowing Path-loss, Egli, Hata, and COST231). These models were selected based on their popularity and relevance to our study. We found that the “Free Space” model outperforms in the scenario in which measurements were conducted from the Level-1 car park to the Roadside. The received signal strengths in the parking lot ranged from −45 dBm to −92 dBm. This research also examines the coverage distance for the successful transmission of warning messages, achieving up to 57 m, 17.5 m, 9.4 m, and 68 m at parking levels 1, 2, 3, and the roadside, respectively. Research findings reveal that a low-cost Wi-Fi-based VANET system can be utilized to prevent car accidents in parking lots. Finally, we provide guidelines for network planners to deploy Wi-Fi-based VANET systems in parking lots.

Pengaruh Reka Bentuk Bangunan terhadap Sistem Pengudaraan Pusat Membeli Belah di Malaysia

The COVID-19 pandemic that hits the world since 2019, has become an eye-opener regarding the importance of having good ventilation system in buildings. An enclosed space which has a poor ventilation system causes the spread of COVID-19 virus more widely. Shopping malls are among the buildings that are often visited by the public. Therefore, this study is conducted out of awareness of the need to use an effective ventilation system in shopping mall, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic occurs. This study is a preliminary study. The objective of this study is to identify the influence of building design on the ventilation system used in shopping malls in Malaysia, from the past to the present. The research method used is qualitative descriptive evaluation through the observation and case studies. A total of four shopping malls around the Klang Valley, Malaysia, which are built in four different phases, have been selected for this preliminary study. The results show that shopping malls built before the year 2000, have enclosed type design, and the ventilation system used depends merely on a mechanical system which is air-conditioning system. Meanwhile, after the year 2000, the design of shopping mall has evolved to a combination of enclosed and open design. This design has affected the ventilation system used, which is a hybid system that combines the mechanical and natural ventilation. The results of this study are important in providing information about the approach to the ventilation system of shopping malls in Malaysia, from the past to the present. The results of this study are able to encourage various further studies regarding the ventilation systems in shopping malls.

Investigating the Influence of Introducing Biophilic Elements into the Shopping Mall Environment: Perception of Public Visitors

Investigating the Influence of Introducing Biophilic Elements into the Shopping Mall Environment: Perception of Public Visitors

Enhanced Operation of Ice Storage System for Peak Load Management in Shopping Malls across Diverse Climate Zones

There exists a notable research gap concerning the application of ice storage systems in shopping mall settings at the urban scale. The characteristics of large pedestrian flow, high energy consumption, and high peak loads in shopping malls make their advantages in energy conservation. This study researches sustainable cooling solutions by undertaking an economic analysis of the ice storage systems within shopping malls across 11 distinct cities, each system operating under varied electricity pricing frameworks. The methodology begins with creating baseline mall models using AutoBPS and refining them with OpenStudio. Before starting to adjust the model, measured data were used to verify the accuracy of the baseline model, the coefficient of variation of the root mean square error (CVRMSE) and normalized mean bias error (NMBE) metrics were calculated for the model energy consumption, with CVRMSE values of 8.6% and NMBE values of 1.57% for the electricity consumption, while the metrics for the gas consumption were 12.9% and 1.24%, respectively. The study extends its inquiry to encompass comprehensive economic evaluations based on the unique electricity pricing of each city. This rigorous assessment discerns the relationship between capacity, operational strategies, and economic performance. Particularly striking are the so-called peak-shaving and valley-filling effects verified in regions characterized by lower latitudes and substantial cooling loads. The interaction between ice storage capacity and operational schedules significantly influences both economic viability and cooling efficiency. Based on the temporal dynamics of time-of-use (TOU) power pricing, a finely calibrated operational schedule for the ice storage system is proposed. This operational strategy entails charging during periods of reduced electricity pricing to undertake cooling loads during peak electricity pricing intervals, culminating in substantial reductions in electricity charges of buildings. Moreover, the strategic reallocation of energy, characterized by a reduced chiller capacity and a corresponding elevation in ice storage system capacity, augments cooling efficiency and diminishes cooling-related electricity expenses. This study offers valuable insights for optimizing and deploying ice storage systems in diverse climatic regions, particularly for shopping malls. As a guiding reference, this paper provides stakeholders with a framework to reasonably apply and adjust ice storage systems, ushering in an era of energy-efficient and environmentally conscious cooling solutions tailored to shopping mall environments.

Indoor environmental conditions of selected shopping malls in Nigeria: A comparative study of microclimatic conditions, noise levels, and microbial burdens

The activities of people and equipment used within shopping malls are major factors that contribute to air pollution and increased sound levels, thereby affecting indoor environmental quality and the well-being of mall operators. This study assessed indoor environmental quality through microbial characterization and measurement of environmental conditions present in selected shopping malls. Investigations were conducted at three shopping malls in Ibadan selected through convenience sampling technique. Environmental parameters such as noise level, relative humidity, temperature, PM2.5 levels, total volatile organic compound (TVOC) levels, microbial characterization, and quantity were determined. Microclimatic parameters (temperature and relative humidity) were measured using a 4-in-1 Precision Gold N09AQ multi-tester. Culturable airborne microbes were collected using the settle plate technique. PM2.5 and TVOC levels were measured using a Thermo Scientific MIE pDR-1500 PM monitor and sf200-TVOC meter respectively. Two bacteria species and five fungi species were isolated across the malls. The noise levels ranged from 61.27 to 81.20 dB. The mean temperatures (highest mean of 33.44 ± 1.42 °C), PM2.5 (highest mean of 114.06 ± 25.64 μg/m3), and TVOC (highest mean of 55.21 ± 8.28 ppm) concentrations were higher than the permissible limits stipulated by the WHO guidelines and NESREA standard limits across all the selected malls. A positive correlation was found to exist between particulate matter and TVOC (r = 0.174, p = 0.004). The total bacteria count was generally high with the highest mean of 1965.33 ± 368.56 CFU/m3, while the total fungi count was generally low with the highest mean of 579.82 ± 51.55 CFU/m3. Bacillus spp. and Candida spp. were found to the consistent from all sample points across the three malls. The bacteria isolated are Gram-positive bacteria associated with human skin which suggests a high rate of indoor pollution from humans. In conclusion, this research has demonstrated the necessity to monitor noise levels and indoor air quality in malls. Also, there is need for government policies to improve indoor air quality which must be enforced and regulated, especially within shopping malls.

FRI486 Overactive Thyroid And Overactive Mind - An Intervened Relationship

Abstract Disclosure: S. Bilichodu Rangappa: None. S. Avula: None. Z.A. Anderson: None. A. Kumar: None. Introduction: Traditionally, psychiatric symptoms were thought to be common manifestation of hypothyroidism. However, in the recent times the trend has changed. Various studies have shown a strong association of hyperthyroidism and psychosis. Thyrotoxicosis is associated with various psychiatric symptoms such as anxiety, restlessness, emotional liability, depression, mania, and rarely acute psychosis. Association between thyroid and mental health is a long-known entity but poorly understood pathophysiology. Here we present a case of graves disease presenting as acute psychosis as initial presentation. Clinical Case: A 45-year-old male with no significant past medical history was brought to emergency department (ED) by police after he was found to be walking in front of a shopping mall and was severely agitated. On arrival to ED, he was found to be very restless, irritable, and aggressive. Patient was found to have persecutory delusions and auditory hallucinations. His blood pressure was elevated, and he had tachycardia. He was given Haloperidol to calm down. Patient was evaluated with blood work and urine toxicology. Blood work up showed thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) of <0.01m IU/L, Free T4 of 4 ng/dl and Total T3 of 380 ng/dl. Patient was started on Methimazole and propranolol. On further work up for thyrotoxicosis there was elevated thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) which was consistent with Grave’s disease. Ultrasound thyroid revealed diffuse enlarged thyroid with increased vascularity. Once the patient was stable, he was further interviewed, he gave a history of palpitations, increased anxiety, and weight loss for two months, but he didn’t seek any medical attention. By the time of discharge, he symptomatically improved and his Free T4 and total T3 trended down. Patient was discharged on methimazole 10 mg daily along with propranolol. Conclusion: Graves’s disease can mimic psychosis. Psychosis may develop in the wake of thyroid hormone excess. Future research is warranted to find out the relation between psychotic disorders and excess thyroid hormone and the pathological process involved. It also helps in having clear treatment guidelines which will reduce the morbidity and improves the quality of life. Identifying somatic causes for psychiatric issues will help in treating them and might lead to complete recovery and not needing any further psychiatric medications. Presentation: Friday, June 16, 2023

From traditional to transformed: Examining the pre- and post-COVID consumers’ shopping mall experiences

Recently published exploratory research has suggested COVID-19 control protocols implemented during the pandemic may have altered the values and experiences customers seek within shopping malls. We refer to this as a shift from ‘traditional’ to ‘transformed’. This current study responds directly to calls for a deeper understanding of changes in post-pandemic consumer behaviour. Data were collected from shoppers via an online survey in two stages – pre-COVID (n = 356) and post-COVID (n = 367). Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was employed to test the developed hypotheses, with the key objective to determine if the relationships between the variables have changed. Path invariance was tested using the structural invariance technique, finding the model differed between pre-COVID and post-COVID time points. Results indicate in a post-COVID era, utilitarian and transactional value have a stronger influence on customer's functional experience, leading to revisit intentions, whereas hedonic and social interaction value, have a weaker influence on the customer's social experience within shopping malls. Contributions to knowledge and practice are offered.

Comparative Study of Linear Static Analysis of G+10 Storey Building with and Without Shear Wall in ETABS

Planning, designing, and execution of high-raise building while taking into account the impact of lateral loads such as wind and seismic loads computation with or without shear wall technology in conventional mode is a crucial task for civil engineers. The lateral loads develop high lateral stresses and sway movement in structural members and need adequate stiffness to resist lateral forces along with sufficient strength against vertical gravity loads. In this case, civil engineers establish an effective system for construction of high raise building with the usage of shear wall system is high in-plane stiffness and torsional resistance. Present the authors are considered a G+10 storey commercial shopping mall with a central cut-out at Bhimavaram location which lies in seismic zone III as, per IS 1893(part 1): 2016. The load cases from IS 875 Part I (dead loads), Part II (imposed loads), and Part III (wind loads) are used to create the load combinations in accordance with IS 456: 2000. Two models, with and without shear wall system are taken for comparing the parameters like storey drift, storey displacement, stiffness, shear force, base shear, bending moment and center of rigidity by performing linear static seismic analysis and wind analysis for both models in ETABS software. The simulations concluded that Shear wall system is the efficient and economical way of resisting lateral loads in high rise or multistory buildings.

Exploring the Nexus of Consumer Personality, Brand Personality, and Purchase Intentions: A Cross-sectional Analysis of Punjab's Shopping Mall Customers

This cross-sectional research probes the nexus of Consumer Personality, Brand Personality, and Purchase Intentions among diverse shoppers in Punjab's malls. Employing a self-administered questionnaire and robust sampling, 450 participants were engaged to reflect the demographic spectrum. Leveraging structural equation modeling with Smart PLS-SEM, the study unveils Consumer Personality's positive impact on Brand Personality. Notably, Brand Personality mediates the path to Purchase Intentions. The findings contribute insights into cognitive mechanisms governing purchase decisions, fostering theoretical enrichment. This research provides a compass for marketers seeking resonance in today's evolving consumer landscape.

온라인 쇼핑몰의 학습, 온라인 리뷰, 소비자 커뮤니케이션이 지각된 혜택을 통해 고객 e-충성도에 미치는 영향 - 상품정보 중요성의 조절효과 -

온라인 쇼핑몰의 학습, 온라인 리뷰, 소비자 커뮤니케이션이 지각된 혜택을 통해 고객 e-충성도에 미치는 영향 - 상품정보 중요성의 조절효과 -

MATHEMATICAL MODELLING IN WAITING QUEUE IN SHOPPING MALL

This project is an attempt to analyze the use of queuing theory in a local shopping mall. Also considers the mall as a multi server queuing system following Poisson arrival and Exponential service based system. A comparison of the results using MATLAB pertaining to double server and multiple server queuing system is also provided.

RETRACTED: Addressing greenhouse gas emissions and optimizing power systems: A novel approach for clean electricity integration in commercial buildings

The global imperative for ensuring sustainable development has heightened the significance of reducing greenhouse gas emissions within the building sector. Consequently, a critical exploration into the integration of clean electricity within buildings has become indispensable. Therefore, this study focuses on the urgent global concern of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the building sector to achieve sustainable development. However, the optimization of power systems encounters new challenges due to the unpredictable charging behavior of electric vehicles, resulting in flexible demand side management. These challenges necessitate a reevaluation of existing mathematical approaches. To ensure the utilization of clean electricity, a novel and cost-effective power supply system is proposed, specifically tailored for commercial buildings with a focus on creating a comfortable environment in a shopping mall. Furthermore, an energy management strategy is suggested to optimize energy usage. The study takes into account two types of electric vehicles and develops separate models for each based on their unique stochastic behaviors. Additionally, the integration of retired electric vehicle batteries in commercial buildings is explored as a potential solution. To address the inherent complexity of the problem, a developed algorithm based on multi-group search optimization is proposed. This algorithm effectively handles the uncertainties associated with electric vehicles and employs a decomposition approach to provide an optimal solution. The results demonstrate significant reductions of 82.17% and 83.32% in the expected operating cost through the integration of photovoltaic energy alone or both photovoltaic and retired electric vehicle batteries in commercial buildings, respectively. This emphasizes the benefits of incorporating photovoltaic and retired electric vehicle batteries in commercial buildings. Furthermore, the robustness of the proposed method is validated through a comparative analysis with alternative approaches.

Comparative Cost and Design of Solid, Ribbed and Waffle Slab for a Three-storey Shopping Complex Using Prota, Orion and Spreadsheet

Cost is an important factor in choosing the type of floor or slab used in any construction. When a large space within a building needs to be covered without hindrance and supports, waffle or ribbed slabs are used. For all slab systems, the cost constitutes a significant portion of the overall cost of the structure. Therefore, this research aims to select a preferable slab system with the least construction cost for a shopping mall. Computer-aided design software such as Prota 2018 and Orion 2018 was used for analysis and design, and RCC spreadsheets were used to manually check the slabs. The results reveal that the Solid floor slab has more concrete volume and steel than the waffle, and the rib consumes the lowest least volume of concrete and steel among the three slab systems. Therefore, the rib slab is the most economical of the three slab systems since it uses the least concrete and reinforcement. The cost of a floor slab system ranges from 12 to 17% of the structural cost in building works, the percentages of the cost of the slab in a floor system is 17.84% for solid slabs system, 13.65% for rib slabs and 12.48% for waffle slabs of the total cost of a structure. It can therefore be concluded that using rib slab saves 17.95% and 7.46% of the construction sum when compared to solid slab and waffle slab construction systems respectively. In conclusion, it is recommended that ribbed slabs should be used for commercial building construction with more than 5KN/m2 live load in commercial buildings that spans up to 15m and more.

Energy Saving Optimization of Commercial Complex Atrium Roof with Resilient Ventilation Using Machine Learning

Carbon-neutral architectural design focuses on rationally utilizing the building’s surroundings to reduce its environmental impact. Resilient ventilation systems, developed according to the thermal comfort requirements of building energy-saving research, have few applications. We studied the Jin-an Shopping Mall in Harbin and established the middle point height (h), middle point horizontal location (d), roof angle (α), and exposure to floor ratio (k) as the morphological parameters of the atrium. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the mean radiant temperature (MRT), and the universal thermal climate index calculations (UTCI), this program was set to switch off air conditioning when the resilient ventilation met the thermal comfort requirement to achieve energy savings. The energy-saving efficiency (U) was calculated based on the energy consumption of the original model, and U could reach 7.34–9.64% according to the simulation and prediction. This study provides methods and a theoretical basis for renovating other commercial complexes to improve comfort and control energy consumption.

DeepIndoorCrowd: Predicting crowd flow in indoor shopping malls with an interpretable transformer network

AbstractAccurate and interpretable prediction of crowd flow would benefit business management and public security. The existing studies are challenged to adapt to the indoor environment due to its complex and dynamic spatial interaction patterns. In this study, we propose a crowd flow predicting method for indoor shopping malls, which simultaneously features temporal variables and semantic factors to suit the shopping mall environment. A deep learning model named DeepIndoorCrowd is presented. The model aims at capturing temporal dependencies and the semantic pattern in crowd flow to generate an accurate multi‐horizon prediction. With a multi‐term temporal dependency capturing structure, the model is effective in learning both daily and weekly patterns of the indoor crowd flow in a shopping mall and is able to provide the temporal interpretation of the prediction result. Moreover, a semantic‐temporal fusion module is introduced to utilize the semantic information of stores in prediction, which has proved to be effective in enhancing the model's ability to learn temporal patterns. Experiments were conducted on a real‐world dataset to verify the proposed approach. The ablation study demonstrates that the DeepIndoorCrowd can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of the prediction up to 18.7%. In addition, some interesting indoor crowd flow patterns were discovered by analyzing the model's interpretation of the prediction result. The proposed prediction method provides an intuitive way of modeling indoor crowd flow, and the experiment's outcome can help indoor managers better understand stores' flow traffic.

From School Halls to Shopping Malls: Multilevel Predictors of Police Contact In and Out of School

From School Halls to Shopping Malls: Multilevel Predictors of Police Contact In and Out of School

Exploring the impacts of spatial morphology of underground shopping mall atriums on natural lighting performance

ABSTRACT The natural lighting environment in the atrium space of an underground shopping street directly determines the spatial quality of the building. It has a significant impact on the quality of the indoor light environment, people’s mental experience, and the energy consumption of the building. Based on field research, this study combined Radiance and Rhino 7 software to construct realistic scene simulation models of the different shapes for each atrium’s underground shopping street. Daylight factor (DF) and useful daylight illuminance (UDI) were utilized as the evaluation metrics for assessing the natural lighting efficacy of the atriums. Simulation data were further processed and quantitatively analyzed with line charts and quadratic curve fitting methods. The results demonstrate that the DF of an atrium space in underground shopping streets declines rapidly as the height/width ratio (H/W) increases, followed by a gradual weakening trend. Meanwhile, as the aspect ratio (L/W) increases, the peak value of the DF gradually increases. The UDI of the atrium space in an underground shopping street will usually rise first and then fall as the height/width ratio (H/W) increases. Meanwhile, as the aspect ratio (L/W) increases, the UDI peak value gradually decreases. The experiment confirms that DF and UDI atrium space can be effectively improved by adjusting different combinations of the height/width ratio (H/W), aspect ratio (L/W), and lighting glass inclination angle. By doing so, this research provides architects with a theoretical foundation for the spatial morphology design of an atrium.

Employee Daily Report Application Using Flutter Framework (Case Study: PT. Planet Selancar Mandiri)

Planet Surf Retail company is a company that moves under PT. Planet Selancar Mandiri management has the first Planet Surf store located at Galleria Shopping Mall, Jogjakarta, since 1997 and still operates. Planet Surf has 54 stores spread across 31 cities throughout Indonesia and continues to grow to meet customer fashion needs. Each store has one leader and eight to ten employees. Nowadays, Planet Surf still uses third-party applications to help their jobs daily. The employees report their activity, employment, and progress using third-party applications, and the leader sees it. But the problem is third-party applications can not organize their report by name, date, and category. It makes there a condition that the leader misses seeing employees' reports, employees find it hard to report their activities, and misunderstandings between employees and the leader. In this research, the Author tries to develop an Android application to see if it can help employees and leaders finish their jobs. Features from the Application are daily reports, job reports, and progress reports, and the leader can create reports for all employees.

Unscented Kalman filter for a low-cost GNSS/IMU-based mobile mapping application under demanding conditions

For the last two decades, low-cost Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers have been used in various applications. These receivers are mini-size, less expensive than geodetic-grade receivers, and in high demand. Irrespective of these outstanding features, low-cost GNSS receivers are potentially poorer hardwares with internal signal processing, resulting in lower quality. They typically come with low-cost GNSS antenna that has lower performance than their counterparts, particularly for multipath mitigation. Therefore, this research evaluated the low-cost GNSS device performance using a high-rate kinematic survey. For this purpose, these receivers were assembled with an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensor, which actively transmited data on acceleration and orientation rate during the observation. The position and navigation parameter data were obtained from the IMU readings, even without GNSS signals via the U-blox F9R GNSS/IMU device mounted on a vehicle. This research was conducted in an area with demanding conditions, such as an open sky area, an urban environment, and a shopping mall basement, to examine the device's performance. The data were processed by two approaches: the Single Point Positioning-IMU (SPP/IMU) and the Differential GNSS-IMU (DGNSS/IMU). The Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) was selected as a filtering algorithm due to its excellent performance in handling nonlinear system models. The result showed that integrating GNSS/IMU in SPP processing mode could increase the accuracy in eastward and northward components up to 68.28% and 66.64%. Integration of DGNSS/IMU increased the accuracy in eastward and northward components to 93.02% and 93.03% compared to the positioning of standalone GNSS. In addition, the positioning accuracy can be improved by reducing the IMU noise using low-pass and high-pass filters. This application could still not gain the expected position accuracy under signal outage conditions.

온라인 쇼핑몰 만족도가 재구매에 미치는 영향 -몽골 소비자 중심으로-

온라인 쇼핑몰 만족도가 재구매에 미치는 영향 -몽골 소비자 중심으로-