Pilomatricoma Research Articles

Rapidly growing pilomatrixoma on eyebrow

Rapidly growing pilomatrixoma on eyebrow

Immunohistochemical expression of β‐catenin, E‐cadherin, cyclin D1 and c‐myc in benign trichogenic tumors

beta-catenin gene mutations have been reported in vast majority of pilomatrixomas (PMXs). beta-catenin, a component of the adhesion molecules of the cytoskeleton, is degraded at the cytoplasm. Excess cytoplasmic beta-catenin enters into the nucleus and activates the transcription of several genes encoding c-myc, cyclin D1 and others. Sublocation of beta-catenin has been demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. The aim of this study was to determine the role of beta-catenin-related proteins in various benign trichogenic tumors. We investigated the expression of beta-catenin, E-cadherin, c-myc and cyclin D1 immunohistochemically, and the expression of these molecules were compared between two groups consisting of 12 PMXs and 12 other benign trichogenic tumors (OBTTs). In PMX group, nuclear and/or cytoplasmic expression of beta-catenin was associated with a loss of membranous expression of E-cadherin (p = 0.002). In OBTT group, a membranous expression of E-cadherin and beta-catenin was observed, and there was a stronger nuclear immunoreactivity of cyclin D1 compared with PMX group (p = 0.006). In PMX, nuclear and/or cytoplasmic beta-catenin expression of tumoral cells is not related with beta-catenin-related gene expressions (c-myc or cyclin D1). The molecular behaviour of OBTTs is clearly different from that of PMXs in terms of to E-cadherin and beta-catenin expression.

Micro‐Raman spectroscopy used to identify and grade human skin pilomatrixoma

Raman microspectroscopy was applied to analyze the changes in structural conformation and chemical composition of the mass of human skin pilomatrixoma (PMX). The normal skin dermis, collagen type I, and hydroxyapatite (HA) were used as control. The excised specimens from two patients diagnosed as a typical PMX were detected, in which one specimen was a soft mass, but the other was a hard mass with somewhat calcified deposits via histopathological examination. The Raman spectrum of normal skin dermis was found to be similar to the Raman spectrum of collagen type I, confirming that the collagen type I was a predominant component in normal skin dermis. The differences of Raman peak intensity between normal skin dermis and soft or hard PMX mass were obvious at 1,622-1,558, 1,400-1,230, 1,128, 1,000-850, 749, and 509 cm(-1). In particular, the peak at 1,665 cm(-1) assigned to amide I band shifted to 1,655 cm(-1) and the peak at 1,246 cm(-1) corresponding to amide III band was reduced in its intensity in hard PMX mass. The significant changes in collagen content and its structural conformation, the higher content of tryptophan, and disulfide formation in PMX masses were markedly evidenced. In addition, the shoulder and weak peak at 960 cm(-1) assigned to the stretching vibration of PO(4) (3-) of HA also appeared respectively in the Raman spectra of soft and hard PMX masses, suggesting the occurrence of calcification of HA in the PMX tissue, particularly in the hard PMX mass. The result indicates that the micro-Raman spectroscopy may provide a highly sensitive and specific method for identifying normal skin dermis and how it differs in chemical composition from different PMX tissues.

Pilomatrixoma breast mimicking carcinoma.

A 50-year-old male with a painless progressively increasing lump of right breast, misdiagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology as carcinoma breast, operated for modified radical mastectomy, is presented here. Histopathology of the resected specimen revealed pilomatrixoma.

Pilomatrix Carcinoma of the Back Treated by Mohs Micrographic Surgery

BACKGROUND Pilomatrix carcinoma (synonyms, matrical carcinoma or malignant pilomatrixoma) is a rare malignant neoplasm derived from the hair matrix first described in 1980. This neoplasm can exhibit local aggressive behavior and distant metastasis. Most pilomatrix carcinomas occur on the head and neck of elderly individuals with a predilection for males (M:F 5:1). Pilomatrix carcinoma is often clinically misdiagnosed as a sebaceous cyst and histologic difficulty can occur in differentiating this entity from the benign entity pilomatrixoma. OBJECTIVE The objective was to describe a case of pilomatrix carcinoma encountered in a Mohs micrographic surgery practice. We present the first case of this lesion treated by Mohs surgery. METHODS A case report and literature review are presented. CONCLUSION Pilomatrix carcinoma is a rare malignant variant of pilomatrixoma. Given the rarity of this lesion there are no well-defined standards for surgical management. Wide local excision has been recommended given the high rate of reoccurrence. Mohs micrographic surgery may provide optimal treatment of this neoplasm given the ability to have 100% margin control.

Beta-catenin expression in benign and malignant pilomatrix neoplasms

Beta-catenin is a 92-kDa protein, initially identified as a coprecipitating species with the E-cadherin cell-cell adhesive complex. It plays a role in signal transduction in the Wnt signalling pathway and has been identified as an oncogene in colon cancer and melanoma. Exon 3 beta-catenin-activating mutations were found in 75% of cases of pilomatricoma (PM). Previous studies have shown that nuclear and/or cytoplasmic staining may correlate with beta-catenin gene mutation. Because the immunohistochemical expression of beta-catenin in the nucleus or the cytoplasm correlates with beta-catenin mutation, we studied the immunohistochemical profile of beta-catenin expression in normal scalp hair follicles and in PM and pilomatrix carcinoma (PC). We reviewed 21 cases of PM and five cases of PC using immunohistochemical staining with commercially available antibody in a standard fashion on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples. All 26 tumours displayed both nuclear and cytoplasmic staining in the basaloid cells with focal membranous staining. Shadow cells were negative in all tumours. Normal control sections from the scalp displayed nuclear reactivity of the matrical cells, mostly concentrated in the supramatrical zone of hair follicles. Membranous staining was present along the intercellular junctions of the epidermis and along the outer and inner root sheaths of hair follicles. We have found similar patterns of beta-catenin nuclear and cytoplasmic expression in both PM and PC. Despite the shared beta-catenin expression, the biological behaviour of PM and PC is markedly different. These two tumours probably share the activation of a common cellular pathway that could be related to their shared method of keratinization or a shared dysfunction of the cellular adhesion complex and consequently tumorigenesis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the beta-catenin immunohistochemical expression profile in PC.

Fine needle aspiration cytology of eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma and its differential diagnosis

To investigate the fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) features and differential diagnosis of eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma. Four cases of eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma diagnosed by FNAC were reported and confirmed by biopsy. Three of the cases were in early stages with tumor sizes smaller than 10 mm in diameter and without metastasis. The smears were stained by routine H & E and SudanIII methods. The cytologic findings were described and compared to corresponding histological features, and moreover, compared to chalazion, pilomatrixoma and eyelid basal cell carcinoma. Neither hemorrhage nor infection were found after the examination. Abundant cells were observed in the sebaceous carcinoma FNAC smears. Two types of tumor cells were found: one showed tumor cells differentiating toward sebaceous gland, with large pale cells and vacuolated cytoplasm, the other demonstrated poorly-differentiated cell with dark and irregular nuclei. Numerous vacuoles with inequality of size were found in cytoplasm or in background in all four cases, and the SudanIII stain showed that these vacuoles contained lipid. Some smears demonstrated cells with basaloid, fusiform or squamous features, corresponding to various histopathological types. In contrast, smears of chalazion displayed inflammatory granuloma, containing several types of inflammatory cells without malignant cells. Smears of pilomatrixoma were cellular with three cell populations, which included bland sheets of basaloid cells, nucleated basophilic cells and anucleated keratinized "ghost cells", along with calcific debris. The smears of basal cell carcinoma were typically less cellular, more tightly cohesive and had smaller clusters of uniform hyperchromatic basaloid cells without vacuolization in cytoplasm or background. Overall, the cytological features of eyelid sebaceous carcinoma were distinct from those of chalazion, pilomatricoma and basal cell carcinoma. FNAC is a safe and effective approach for the diagnosis of eyelid sebaceous carcinoma and lipid stain is useful in differential diagnosis. The application of FNAC may be important in reaching an early diagnosis and initial treatment of eyelid nodule.

Pilomatrixoma of the head and neck in children

Pilomatrixoma of the head and neck in children

Malignant Pilomatrixoma with Multiple Local Recurrences and Distant Metastases: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Malignant pilomatrixoma is a rare malignant tumour of the hair matrix, which was first described in 1980. Only five patients with distant metastases have been reported. We report a sixth case with metastatic disease in a 52-year-old male, who also developed multiple local recurrences. We also review the previous five cases.

Malignant Pilomatrixoma with Multiple Local Recurrences and Distant Metastases: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Malignant Pilomatrixoma with Multiple Local Recurrences and Distant Metastases: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Mimics of pilomatrixomas in fine-needle aspirates.

This is a review of the fine-needle aspirates (FNAs) of nine pilomatrixomas (PMs) found in a series of 1,500 FNAs performed on skin nodules. The objective is to determine and list the cytologic findings that might mislead the less-experienced cytopathologist and to give him advice on how to avoid such errors. The following recommendations are made: 1) The FNAs should be carried out and the smears interpreted by the same person. 2) Clinical data, particularly age and location, are of paramount importance. 3) Shadow cells are pathognomonic of PMs. 4) Basaloid nuclei with prominent nucleoli should not be overdiagnosed. 5) Use both Papanicolaou and Diff-Quik stains. 6) Think of PM when performing and interpreting aspirations from subcutaneous growths located in the head and neck of young persons.

Mimics of pilomatrixomas in fine‐needle aspirates

Mimics of pilomatrixomas in fine‐needle aspirates

Malignant pilomatrixoma of the scalp

A 33 yr old man with a history of pilomatrixoma of the scalp, presented 5 mths later with a metastatic undifferentiated carcinoma in a submandibular lymph node. The cutaneous and lymph node tumors showed close histological similarity and features of malignancy. Investigations over 30 mths excluded a primary neoplasm elsewhere and consequently led to the diagnosis of malignant pilomatrixoma. These tumors are rare and most often located on the scalp. Most of the affected patients are middle age males. Wide excision is advised to avoid recurrences.

Malignant pilomatrixoma with bone metastasis

HistopathologyVolume 23, Issue 4 p. 385-386 Malignant pilomatrixoma with bone metastasis D.G. O'DONOVAN, D.G. O'DONOVAN Department of Pathology, Osteoarticular Pathology, Manchester University Medical School, Manchester, UKSearch for more papers by this authorA.J. FREEMONT, A.J. FREEMONT Department of Pathology, Osteoarticular Pathology, Manchester University Medical School, Manchester, UKSearch for more papers by this authorJ.E. ADAMS, J.E. ADAMS Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Manchester University Medical School, Manchester, UKSearch for more papers by this authorD.E. MARKHAM, D.E. MARKHAM Department of Orthopaedics, Manchester Royal Infirmary and the North Western Region Bone Tumour Register, Manchester, UKSearch for more papers by this author D.G. O'DONOVAN, D.G. O'DONOVAN Department of Pathology, Osteoarticular Pathology, Manchester University Medical School, Manchester, UKSearch for more papers by this authorA.J. FREEMONT, A.J. FREEMONT Department of Pathology, Osteoarticular Pathology, Manchester University Medical School, Manchester, UKSearch for more papers by this authorJ.E. ADAMS, J.E. ADAMS Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Manchester University Medical School, Manchester, UKSearch for more papers by this authorD.E. MARKHAM, D.E. MARKHAM Department of Orthopaedics, Manchester Royal Infirmary and the North Western Region Bone Tumour Register, Manchester, UKSearch for more papers by this author First published: October 1993 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1993.tb01226.xCitations: 30AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume23, Issue4October 1993Pages 385-386 RelatedInformation

Simultaneous occurrence of calcification and amyloid deposit in pilomatricoma.

Amyloid deposition was encountered in 10 of 16 samples of pilomatricoma, indicating that the deposition of amyloid is nearly as common as calcification in pilomatricoma. In addition, a simultaneous occurrence of calcification and amyloid deposit in pilomatricoma was recognized in 9 of 16 samples. The calcification and the deposition of amyloid developed topographically in the same area within the shadow cell masses. Such an area was revealed as moderately basophilic, amorphous, or hyalinized by H&E staining. Electron microscopy revealed spotty calcium deposits in amyloid. No light chains of human immunoglobulin were detected in the amyloid-deposited area. Amyloid in this tumour may facilitate calcification or serve as a matrix for subsequent calcification.

Malignant epithelial neoplasia with hair follicle differentiation in dogs: Malignant pilomatrixoma

Epithelial neoplasia with hair follicle differentiation and malignant behaviour is described in two dogs. The neoplasia (solitary and multiple forms) were characterized by the proliferation of basaloid cells with central necrosis and the formation of shadow cells, keratin cysts, nests and whorls of squamoid cells containing keratohyalin or trichohyalin, and occasionally focal calcification. The tumours are compared with pilomatrixoma, trichoepithelioma, keratotic basal cell carcinoma and basosquamous carcinoma and are considered to be a malignant variant of the first of these.