Malignant Tumor Patients Research Articles

Venom Immunotherapy Does Not Affect Survival of Patients with Malignant Tumor in Poland.

Background: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is a well-established and efficient method of causative treatment for allergic rhinitis, asthma and insect venom allergy. Traditionally, a recent history of malignant neoplasm is regarded as a contraindication to AIT due to concerns that AIT might stimulate tumor growth. However, there are no data confirming that the silencing of the Th2 response affects prognosis in cancer. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate frequency of malignant tumors in patients undergoing AIT and the association between AIT and cancer-related mortality. Patients and Methods: A group of 2577 patients with insect venom allergy undergoing AIT in 10 Polish allergology centers was screened in the Polish National Cancer Registry. Data on cancer type, diagnosis time and patients' survival were collected and compared with the general population. Results: In the study group, 86 cases of malignancies were found in 85 patients (3.3% of the group). The most common were breast (19 cases), lung (9 cases), skin (8 cases), colon and prostate cancers (5 cases each). There were 21 cases diagnosed before AIT, 38 during and 27 after completing AIT. Laplace's crude incidence rate was 159.5/100,000/year (general population rate: 260/100,000/year). During follow-up, 13 deaths related to cancer were revealed (15% of patients with cancer). Laplace's cancer mortality rate was 37.3/100,000/year (general population rate: 136.8/100,000/year). Conclusions: Malignancy was found in patients undergoing immunotherapy less often than in the general population. Patients with cancer diagnosed during or after AIT did not show a lower survival rate, which suggests that AIT does not affect the prognosis.

Malignant tumor increases the risk of all causes in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with ischemic stroke: analysis of the MIMIC-IV database.

Ischemic stroke (IS) and malignant tumor (MT) have high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide, and several associations exist between them. This study aimed to determine the effect of MT on hospital mortality in patients with IS. Based on their MT status, participants with IS in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) were divided into two groups. The primary outcome was in-hospital all causes mortality. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to evaluate the intergroup in-hospital mortality, and three Cox regression models were used to determine the association between MT and in-hospital mortality. A total of 1605 participants (749 males and 856 females) were included in the study. The mean age was 72.030 ± 15.463 years. Of these, 257 (16%) patients died in the hospital. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the MT group had a significantly lower possibility of in-hospital survival than the non-MT group. In the unadjusted model, in-hospital mortality among MT patients had a higher odds ratio (OR) of 1.905 (95% CI, 1.320-2.748; P < 0.001) than the non-MT group. After adjusting for basic information, vital signs, and laboratory data, MT was also associated with increased in-hospital mortality (OR = 1.844, 95% CI: 1.255-2.708; P = 0.002). Among the patients with IS, the risk of all causes in-hospital mortality was higher for MT than for patients non-MT. This finding can assist clinicians in more accurately assessing prognosis and making informed treatment decisions.

Alginate-Chitosan Biodegradable and Biocompatible Based Hydrogel for Breast Cancer Immunotherapy and Diagnosis: A Comprehensive Review.

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in females. There are many side effects due to chemotherapy and traditional surgery, like fatigue, loss of appetite, skin irritation, and drug resistance to cancer cells. Immunotherapy has become a hopeful approach toward cancer treatment, generating long-lasting immune responses in malignant tumor patients. Recently, hydrogel has received more attention toward cancer therapy due to its specific characteristics, such as decreased toxicity, fewer side effects, and better biocompatibility drug delivery to the particular tumor location. Researchers globally reported various investigations on hydrogel research for tumor diagnosis. The hydrogel-based multilayer platform with controlled nanostructure has received more attention for its antitumor effect. Chitosan and alginate play a leading role in the formation of the cross-link in a hydrogel. Also, they help in the stability of the hydrogel. This review discusses the properties, preparation, biocompatibility, and bioavailability of various research and clinical approaches of the multipolymer hydrogel made of alginate and chitosan for breast cancer treatment. With a focus on cases of breast cancer and the recovery rate, there is a need to find out the role of hydrogel in drug delivery for breast cancer treatment.

#516 Cancer after kidney transplantation in the single transplant center

Abstract Background and Aims A retrospective analysis of peculiarities of development of malignant neoplasms in patients after kidney transplantation receiving long-term immunosuppression. Method In this study we evaluated incidence of malignancies observed among 718 renal transplant recipient with at least 6 months of follow-up. A total of 561 men and 257 women, mean age at transplantation 36.3 ± 8.3 years were included. Results Thirty-three out of 718 recipients (4.6%) developed malignant neoplasia: 45.5% of these were Kaposi's sarcomas, 12.1%—cancers of the uterine cervix, 12.1% cancer of the stomach, 12.1% - basal cell carcinomas, 6.06% - post transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. There was no significant effect of either cyclosporine A, tacrolimus doses or OKT3/ATG on the incidence of the tumors. The median time from onset of end-stage renal failure (dialysis start) and from the transplantation to the diagnosis of the tumor make up 32 (16-161) and 23 (5-158) mouths, respectively. One renal transplant recipient suffered from multiple myeloma with aggressive course. Three patients diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma of the transplant: clear cell carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma via 264, 24 and 4 months respectively. Conclusion The importance of strict adherence to intensive monitoring transplant patients, which can detect tumors at an early stage. Strict adherence to intensive follow-up of transplant patients is important, which makes it possible to identify neoplasms at an early stage, when organ-preserving treatment is feasible and effective. In addition, modification of immunosuppressive therapy in such patients involves reducing the dose or, if possible, completely eliminating calcineurin inhibitors and starting taking mTOR inhibitors (sirolimus or everolimus), taking into account the antitumor effect of this group of immunosuppressants.

The challenge of survivors of gynecological carcinomas: a retrospective study on occurrence of second tumors.

To clarify the epidemiologic characteristics and risk of other tumors in survivors of gynecological tumors. This is a retrospective study based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (SEER). The morbidity of other malignant tumors in patients with gynecological cancer was 8.07%. The most common subsequent tumors are breast, lung, colorectal, thyroid, and bladder cancers. Taking the incidence rate of the general population as reference, the second tumor with the highest relative risk in patients with cervical cancer is vulvar cancer. Bladder cancer is the second tumor with the highest relative risk value both in patients with corpus and ovarian cancer. The median period from the diagnosis of the initial tumor to the diagnosis of the second tumor was 5 years. Most patients with other tumors following gynecological cancer showed worse prognosis than patients with gynecological tumors only. However, thyroid cancer following ovarian cancer is a protective factor in survival. Patients with gynecological tumors have a significantly higher risk of malignant tumors in other systems compared to ordinary population. It is necessary to be vigilant against subsequent high-risk tumors and tumors with poor prognosis within 5 years of initial diagnosis.

A phase II randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of Nuvastatic (C50SEW505OESA), a standardized rosmarinic acid-rich polymolecular botanical extract formulation to reduce cancer-related fatigue in patients with solid tumors.

We evaluated the efficacy and safety of Nuvastatic™ (C5OSEW5050ESA)in improving cancer-related fatigue (CRF) among cancer patients. This multicenter randomized double-blind placebo-controlled phase 2 trial included 110 solid malignant tumor patients (stage II-IV) undergoing chemotherapy. They were randomly selected and provided oral Nuvastatic™ 1000mg (N = 56) or placebo (N = 54) thrice daily for 9weeks. The primary outcomes were fatigue (Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI)) and Visual Analog Scale for Fatigue (VAS-F)) scores measured before and after intervention at baseline and weeks 3, 6, and 9. The secondary outcomes were mean group difference in the vitality subscale of the Medical Outcome Scale Short Form-36 (SF-36) and urinary F2-isoprostane concentration (an oxidative stress biomarker), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group scores, adverse events, and biochemical and hematologic parameters. Analysis was performed by intention-to-treat (ITT). Primary and secondary outcomes were assessed by two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (mixed ANOVA). The Nuvastatic™ group exhibited an overall decreased fatigue score compared with the placebo group. Compared with the placebo group, the Nuvastatic™ group significantly reduced BFI-fatigue (BFI fatigue score, F (1.4, 147) = 16.554, p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.333). The Nuvastatic™ group significantly reduced VAS-F fatigue (F (2, 210) = 9.534, p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.083), improved quality of life (QoL) (F (1.2, 127.48) = 34.07, p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.243), and lowered urinary F2-IsoP concentrations (mean difference (95% CI) = 55.57 (24.84, 86.30)), t (55) = 3.624, p < 0.001, Cohen's d (95% CI) = 0.48 (0.20, 0.75)). Reported adverse events were vomiting (0.9%), fever (5.4%), and headache (2.7%). Nuvastatic™ is potentially an effective adjuvant for CRF management in solid tumor patients and worthy of further investigation in larger trials. ClinicalTrial.gov ID: NCT04546607. Study registration date (first submitted): 11-05-2020.

Three-dimensional printed custom-made modular talus prosthesis in patients with talus malignant tumor resection

BackgroundTalar malignant tumor is extremely rare. Currently, there are several alternative management options for talus malignant tumor including below-knee amputation, tibio-calcaneal arthrodesis, and homogenous bone transplant while their shortcomings limited the clinical application. Three-dimensional (3D) printed total talus prosthesis in talus lesion was reported as a useful method to reconstruct talus, however, most researches are case reports and its clinical effect remains unclear. Therefore, the current study was to explore the application of 3D printed custom-made modular prosthesis in talus malignant tumor.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the patients who received the 3D printed custom-made modular prosthesis treatment due to talus malignant tumor in our hospital from February 2016 to December 2021. The patient's clinical data such as oncology outcome, operation time, and volume of blood loss were recorded. The limb function was evaluated with the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society 93 (MSTS-93) score, The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score; the ankle joint ranges of motion as well as the leg length discrepancy were evaluated. Plain radiography and Tomosynthesis-Shimadzu Metal Artefact Reduction Technology (T-SMART) were used to evaluate the position of prosthesis and the osseointegration. Postoperative complications were recorded.ResultsThe average patients’ age and the follow-up period were respectively 31.5 ± 13.1 years; and 54.8 months (range 26–72). The medium operation time was 2.4 ± 0.5 h; the intraoperative blood loss was 131.7 ± 121.4 ml. The mean MSTS-93 and AOFAS score was 26.8 and 88.5 respectively. The average plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, varus, and valgus were 32.5, 9.2, 10.8, and 5.8 degree respectively. One patient had delayed postoperative wound healing. There was no leg length discrepancy observed in any patient and good osseointegration was observed on the interface between the bone and talus prosthesis in all subjects.ConclusionThe modular structure of the prosthesis developed in this study seems to be convenient for prosthesis implantation and screws distribution. And the combination of solid and porous structure improves the initial stability and promotes bone integration. Therefore, 3D printed custom-made modular talus prosthesis could be an alternative option for talus reconstruction in talus malignant tumor patients.

Machine learning models for prediction of postoperative venous thromboembolism in gynecological malignant tumor patients.

To identify risk factors that associated with the occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) within 30 days after hysterectomy among gynecological malignant tumor patients, and to explore the value of machine learning (ML) models in VTE occurrence prediction. A total of 1087 patients between January 2019 and January 2022 with gynecological malignant tumors were included in this single-center retrospective study and were randomly divided into the training dataset (n = 870) and the test dataset (n = 217). Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors that associated with the occurrence of postoperative VTE in the training dataset. Machine learning models (including decision tree (DT) model and logistic regression (LR) model) to predict the occurrence of postoperative VTE were constructed and internally validated. The incidence of developing 30-day postoperative VTE was 6.0% (65/1087). Age, previous VTE, length of stay (LOS), tumor stage, operative time, surgical approach, lymphadenectomy (LND), intraoperative blood transfusion and gynecologic Caprini (G-Caprini) score were identified as risk factors for developing postoperative VTE in gynecological malignant tumor patients (p < 0.05). The AUCs of LR model and DT model for predicting VTE were 0.722 and 0.950, respectively. The ML models, especially the DT model, constructed in our study had excellent prediction value and shed light upon its further application in clinic practice.

Cardiovascular toxicity with CTLA-4 inhibitors in cancer patients: A meta-analysis.

With the emergence of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors, the outcomes of patients with malignant tumors have improved significantly. However, the incidence of cardiovascular adverse events has also increased, which can affect tumor treatment. In this study, we evaluated the incidence and severity of adverse cardiovascular events caused by CTLA-4 inhibitors by analyzing reported trials that involved CTLA-4 inhibitor therapy. Randomized clinical trials published in English from January 1, 2013, to November 30, 2022, were searched using the Cochrane Library and PubMed databases. All included trials examined all grade and grades 3-5 cardiac and vascular adverse events. These involved comparisons of CTLA-4 inhibitors to placebo, CTLA-4 inhibitors plus chemotherapy to chemotherapy alone, CTLA-4 inhibitors combined with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors alone, and CTLA-4 inhibitors plus target agent to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus target agent. The odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel method. Overall, 20 trials were included. CTLA-4 inhibitors significantly increased the incidence of all-grade cardiovascular toxicity (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.00-1.75, p = 0.05). The incidence of all-grade cardiovascular toxicity increased in malignant tumor patients who received single-agent CTLA-4 inhibitors (OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.13-2.65, p = 0.01), as well as the incidence rate of grades 3-5 cardiovascular adverse events (OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.08-3.70, p = 0.03). Compared with the non-CTLA-4 inhibitor group, CTLA-4 inhibitors plus chemotherapy, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, or target agent did not significantly affect the incidence of cardiac and vascular toxicity. The incidence of grades 3-5 cardiac failure, hypertension, pericardial effusion, myocarditis, and atrial fibrillation were much higher among patients exposed to CTLA-4 inhibitor, but the data were not statistically significant. Our findings suggest that the incidence rate of all cardiovascular toxicity and severe cardiovascular toxicity increased in patients who were administered CTLA-4 inhibitors. In addition, the risk of serious cardiovascular toxic events was independent of the type of adverse event. From these results, physicians should assess the benefits and risks of CTLA-4 inhibitors when treating malignancies.

Diagnostic performance of the gallbladder reporting and data system combined with color doppler flow imaging for gallbladder cancer in the Asian population.

Evaluating the performance of the Gallbladder Reporting and Data System (GB-RADS) combined with Color Doppler Flow Imaging (CDFI) for the diagnosis of gallbladder wall thickening disease in an Asian population. In this study, the lesions were classified and the actual incidence rate of malignant tumors was calculated for each GB-RADS category, following the guidelines provided by GB-RADS. To evaluate the diagnostic performance of GB-RADS and GB-RADS combined with CDFI, we plotted Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves. The sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy (AC) were also calculated. Inter-observer agreement (IRA) between the two observers was assessed using Kappa values. The incidence of malignancy risk for GB-RADS 2, 3, 4, and 5 was 9%, 12.5%, 72.2%, and 100%. The AUC for GB-RADS was 0.855 (95% CI: 0.800-0.900), with a sensitivity of 82.5%, a specificity of 84.6%, and an accuracy of 83.8%. The AUC of GB-RADS combined with CDFI was 0.965 (95% CI: 0.930-0.985), with a sensitivity of 96.2%, a specificity of 94.6%, and an accuracy of 95.2%. The AUC, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of GB-RADS combined with CDFI for diagnosing gallbladder malignancy were higher than those of GB-RADS alone, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The IRA was excellent between the two observers (Kappa = 0.870). GB-RADS combined with CDFI demonstrated excellent diagnostic accuracy when it comes to distinguishing various diseases that caused gallbladder wall thickening in the Asian population, which has good clinical value and can improve the detection rate of malignant tumors in patients with gallbladder wall thickening.

Clinical analysis of multiple primary gastrointestinal malignant tumors: A 10-year case review of a single-center.

Multiple primary malignant tumors (MPMTs) was first described by Billroth as early as 1889, with the first report published by Warren and Gates in 1932. Since then, numerous cases have been reported. A literature review of 1104269 patients with cancer revealed that the incidence of MPMTs ranged from 0.73 to 11.7%. In recent years, however, there has been a significant upward trend in the incidence of this phenomenon, which may be associated with many different factors, including the advancement of modern diagnostic procedures facilitating the examination and diagnosis of more MPMTs, increased exposure to chemotherapy and radiotherapy that exacerbate the risk of new malignant tumors in patients with cancer, and prolonged survival of patients with cancer allowing sufficient time for the development of new primary cancers. To analyze the incidence, clinical features, treatment factors, prevalence, and prognosis of patients with MPMTs in the gastrointestinal tract treated in a single center. Additionally, we analyzed the different tumor combinations, time interval between the occurrence of tumors, and staging. This retrospective cohort study analyzed 8059 patients with pathologically confirmed gastrointestinal malignant tumors treated at the Gansu Province Hospital in Lanzhou, Gansu, China between June 2011 and June 2020. Of these, 85 patients had MPMTs. The clinical features, treatment factors, prevalence, and prognosis of this latter cohort were analyzed. The incidence of MPMTs in patients with gastrointestinal malignant tumors was 1.05% (85/8059), including 83 double primary malignant tumors and two triple primary malignant tumors of which 57 (67.06%) were synchronous MPMTs (SMPMTs) and 28 (32.94%) were metachronous MPMTs (MMPMTs). The most frequent associations were found between the rectum colon cancers within the SMPMT category and the gastric-colon cancers within the MMPMT category. For the MMPMTs, the median interval was 53 months. The overall 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates from diagnosis of the first primary cancer were 91.36%, 65.41%, and 45.97%, respectively; those from diagnosis of the second primary cancer were 67.90%, 29.90%, and 17.37%, respectively. MPMTs in the gastrointestinal tract have a high incidence and poor prognosis. Thus, it is necessary to perform both gastroscopy and colonoscopy in patients with gastrointestinal tumors. Multidisciplinary comprehensive diagnosis and treatment may improve the diagnosis rate and treatment efficiency of MPMTs.

A case of testicular cancer in a long‐term hydranencephaly survivor with undescended testes

IntroductionThe development of malignant tumors in patients with hydranencephaly is extremely rare. We describe the first case of testicular cancer that developed in the undescended testes of a long‐term survivor of hydranencephaly.Case presentationA 32‐year‐old man with severe cerebral palsy due to hydranencephaly was referred to our department for the evaluation of a subcutaneous lump in the lower right abdomen. He was a long‐term survivor of hydranencephaly. After confirming the diagnosis of right testicular cancer originating in his undescended testes, surgical resection was performed. Pathological examination revealed a mixed‐type germ cell tumor.ConclusionThe decision‐making process for treating malignant tumors, like testicular cancer, in adults with severe cerebral palsy can be challenging. Clinical ethics consultation could be helpful in avoiding treatment delays.

INTERPLAY OF METABOLIC DYSREGULATIONS, OBESITY, PATHOLOGIES OF ABDOMINAL ORGANS, RESPIRATORY ORGANS, CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM, AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISORDERS AS POTENTIAL RISK FACTORS FOR MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS IN THE CONTEXT OF PALLIATIVE MEDICAL PRACTICE

Metabolic changes, obesity, diseases of the abdominal cavity organs, respiratory organs, cardiovascular system, and chronic kidney diseases are risk factors for the development of malignant neoplasms. This poses new challenges in palliative practice: the use of integrated methods, the study of new biomarkers, and the application of modern technologies, the formation of professional readiness of medical personnel for activities in the field of palliative and hospice care. Objective. The study aims to conduct an epidemiological analysis of the prevalence and comorbidity of malignant neoplasms among patients in northern Bukovyna and to analyze the relationship between metabolic changes, obesity, diseases of the abdominal cavity organs and respiratory organs, cardiovascular system, and chronic kidney diseases as risk factors for the development of malignant neoplasms in the context of palliative medical practice. Material and methods. Clinical data of patients, data on metabolic status and obesity, information on the condition of abdominal cavity organs, respiratory organs, cardiovascular system, and kidneys, results of diagnostic tests, as well as applied statistical methods for assessing the relationships between different factors and the risk of malignant neoplasms were utilized.Results. The obtained results indicate a significant impact of metabolic changes, obesity, and diseases of various organs on the increased risk of malignant neoplasms in patients undergoing palliative care. The identified correlations underscore the necessity of an integrated approach to treatment, focused on managing metabolic status and systemic diseases. The discussion complements this by highlighting potential interaction mechanisms and pointing out opportunities for improving palliative care through emphasis on prevention and management of these risk factors.Conclusion. The research highlights the importance of understanding and managing metabolic, organic, and systemic risk factors, as they are interdependent in palliative practice, pointing to potential opportunities for improving treatment outcomes and the quality of life for patients with malignant diseases.

Progress in understanding of relationship between use of biological agents and risk of malignant tumors in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Progress in understanding of relationship between use of biological agents and risk of malignant tumors in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Patterns and treatment outcomes of primary bone tumors in children treated at tertiary referral hospital, Ethiopia

BackgroundBone tumors account for approximately 6% of all cancers in children. Malignant bone tumors, commonly occurring in children and adolescents, are associated with high mortality and morbidity. The overall survival of children with primary malignant bone tumors is affected by the stage of disease, time of diagnosis, and treatment response. Despite advanced treatment modalities with chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy, bone tumor is the third leading cause of death in children with malignancy. Patients with metastatic disease at diagnosis have poor outcomes compared to localized disease at presentation. The 5-year Overall Survival and event-free survival in children with primary malignant bone tumors were 85.2% and 69.2%. The study aimed to assess the clinicopathological profile and treatment outcomes of children with primary malignant bone tumors in our setup.Materials and methodsA hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 95 children who met the inclusion criteria through structured questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 25. P-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Kaplan Meier survival estimate was used for overall and event-free survival analysis.ResultsA total of ninety-five patients met the study inclusion criteria and the median age at diagnosis with primary malignant bone tumors was 10 years, with an interquartile range of 8–12 years. The duration of the illness from the onset of symptoms to the oncologic treatment center ranges from three weeks to 2 years with a mean duration of five months. Swelling was the commonest presenting symptom accounting for 95.8% (n = 91). Lower extremity was the commonest primary site of involvement accounting for 55.8% (n = 53) of children with primary malignant bone tumors. Osteosarcoma was the commonest malignant bone tumor constituted 66.3% (n = 63), followed by Ewing sarcoma at 33.7% (n = 32).About 41.2% (n = 39) of children had metastatic disease at presentation and the lung was the commonest site of distant metastasis. The Kaplan Meier survival estimate analysis showed the 1-year and 5-year overall survival probabilities for all pediatric primary malignant bone tumor patients were 65% (95% CI: 0.3–0.56) and 38% (95% CI:0.19–0.47) respectively. The 1-year and 5-year event-free survival probabilities were 55% (95% CI: 0.32–0.73) and 33% (95% CI: 0.10–0.59). The stage of the disease at presentation had a significant association with the outcome (p = 0.023).ConclusionOur study showed the mean duration of the illness from the onset of symptoms to the oncologic treatment center was 5 months ranging from 3 weeks to 2 years. More than one-third of the presented with metastatic disease at presentation. The 1-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) probabilities of children with primary malignant bone tumors were low in our setup compared to other studies.

Abstract 5649: PRRX1-TOP2A interaction is a malignancy-promoting factor in human malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors

Abstract Background: Paired related-homeobox 1 (PRRX1) is a transcription factor in the regulation of developmental morphogenetic processes. There is growing evidence that PRRX1 is highly expressed in certain cancers and is critically involved in human survival prognosis. However, the molecular mechanism of PRRX1 in cancer malignancy remains to be elucidated. Methods: PRRX1 expression in human Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) samples was detected immunohistochemically to evaluate survival prognosis. MPNST models with PRRX1 gene knockdown or overexpression were constructed in vitro, and the phenotype of MPNST cells was evaluated. Bioinformatics analysis combined with co-immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, RNA seq, and structural prediction were used to identify proteins interacting with PRRX1. Results: High expression of PRRX1 was associated with a poor prognosis for MPNST. PRRX1 knockdown suppressed the tumorigenic potential. PRRX1 overexpressed in MPNSTs directly interacts with topoisomerase 2A (TOP2A) to cooperatively promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition and increase expression of tumor malignancy-related gene sets including mTORC1, KRAS, and SRC signaling pathways. Etoposide, a TOP2A inhibitor used in the treatment of MPNST, may exhibit one of its anticancer effects by inhibiting the PRRX1-TOP2A interaction. Conclusion: Targeting the PRRX1-TOP2A interaction in malignant tumors with high PRRX1 expression might provide a novel tumor-selective therapeutic strategy. Significance: MPNST is a malignant tumor with a poor prognosis and still lacks definitive treatment. Our results could hold promise as an alternative therapeutic strategy to inhibit the interaction between PRRX1 and TOP2A, and may improve the prognosis for malignant tumor patients with high expression of PRRX1 and TOP2A such as MPNSTs. Citation Format: Shota Takihira, Eiji Nakata, Daisuke Yamada, Tatsunori Osone, Tomoka Takao, Takeshi Takarada, Akira Hirasawa, Takuto Itano, Tomohiro Fujiwara, Toshiyuki Kunisada, Toshifumi Ozaki. PRRX1-TOP2A interaction is a malignancy-promoting factor in human malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 5649.

Subsequent malignant neoplasms in patients previously treated with anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy

Subsequent malignant neoplasms in patients previously treated with anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy

Characterization of parotid gland tumors using diffusion–relaxation correlation spectrum imaging: a preliminary study

To assess the performance of diffusion-relaxation correlation spectrum imaging (DR-CSI) in the characterization of parotid gland tumors. Twenty-five pleomorphic adenomas (PA) patients, 9 Warthin's tumors (WT) patients and 7 malignant tumors (MT) patients were prospectively recruited. DR-CSI (7 b-values combined with 5 TEs, totally 35 diffusion-weighted images) was scanned for pre-treatment assessment. Diffusion (D)-T2 signal spectrum summating all voxels were built for each patient, characterized by D-axis with range 0∼5×10-3 mm2/s, and T2-axis with range 0∼300ms. With boundaries of 0.5 and 2.5×10-3 mm2/s for D, all spectra were divided into three compartments labeled A (low D), B (mediate D) and C (high D). Volume fractions acquired from each compartment (VA, VB, VC) were compared among PA, WT and MT. Diagnostic performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic analysis and area under the curve (AUC). Each subtype of parotid tumors had their specific D-T2 spectrum. PA showed significantly lower VA (8.85±4.77% vs 20.68±10.85%), higher VB (63.40±8.18% vs 43.05±7.16%), and lower VC (27.75±8.51% vs 36.27±11.09) than WT (all p<0.05). VB showed optimal diagnostic performance (AUC 0.969, sensitivity 92.00%, specificity 100.00%). MT showed significantly higher VA (21.23±12.36%), lower VB (37.09±6.43%), and higher VC (41.68±13.72%) than PA (all p<0.05). Similarly, VB showed optimal diagnostic performance (AUC 0.994, sensitivity 96.00%, specificity 100.00%). No significant difference of VA, VB and VC was found between WT and MT. DR-CSI might be a promising and non-invasive way for characterizing parotid gland tumors.

Outcomes of Eyelid Malignant Tumor Patients at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital

Abstract&#x0D; Introduction &amp; Objectives : The prevalence of malignant eyelid tumors varies, 80–95% are basal cell carcinomas (BCC), 5% are squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), and 1–3% are sebaceous gland carcinomas (SGC), and most of them are removed by complete resection. However, recurrence, metastasis, and tumor expansion are still common in these cases. This study aims to assess the characteristics and outcomes of eyelid malignant tumor patients at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital.&#x0D; Methods : This study used a retrospective cohort and was conducted using secondary data from medical records for five years at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital. Data on general characteristics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes were collected, then analyzed and presented in tabular form.&#x0D; Results : From 44 samples, females made up 75.0% and the largest age group was 45–64 years (65.9%). The tumor was most commonly located in the right eye (61.4%) and the superior eyelid (50.0%), with an onset of 36.36±37.75 months. BCC was the most frequent tumor (61.3%), especially nodular (81.5%). During the follow-up, recurrence (25%) was most prevalent in BCC (63.6%; p: 0.976), with an average recurrence of 31.36±32.47 months (p: 0.894). Metastases (2.3%) occurred in 1 SCC patient after 12 months, and tumor expansion (2.3%) occurred in 1 SGC patient.&#x0D; Conclusion : There was no difference in the incidence of tumor recurrence, metastasis, and expansion based on tumor type and location. However, there was a significant difference in the type of management taken against the tumor expansion. Follow-up must be done for at least three years after therapy.

Dual-Energy Computed Tomography in Detecting and Predicting Lymph Node Metastasis in Malignant Tumor Patients: A Comprehensive Review.

The accurate and timely assessment of lymph node involvement is paramount in the management of patients with malignant tumors, owing to its direct correlation with cancer staging, therapeutic strategy formulation, and prognostication. Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT), as a burgeoning imaging modality, has shown promising results in the diagnosis and prediction of preoperative metastatic lymph nodes in recent years. This article aims to explore the application of DECT in identifying metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) across various cancer types, including but not limited to thyroid carcinoma (focusing on papillary thyroid carcinoma), lung cancer, and colorectal cancer. Through this narrative review, we aim to elucidate the clinical relevance and utility of DECT in the detection and predictive assessment of lymph node metastasis in malignant tumors, thereby contributing to the broader academic discourse in oncologic radiology and diagnostic precision.