Melanoma In Women Research Articles

Anthropometric features and cutaneous melanoma risk: A prospective cohort study in French women

BackgroundEpidemiological studies on anthropometric features and cutaneous melanoma risk in women yielded inconsistent results, with few analyses involving prospective cohort data. Our objective was to explore several anthropometric characteristics in relation to the risk of melanoma in women. MethodsWe prospectively analysed data from E3N, a French cohort involving 98,995 women born in 1925–1950. Participants completed self-administered questionnaires sent biennially over 1990–2008. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using Cox proportional hazards regression models, adjusted for age, number of naevi, freckling, skin and hair colour, skin sensitivity to sun exposure, residential sun exposure, and physical activity. ResultsHeight was positively associated with melanoma in age-adjusted models only (RR=1.27, 95% CI=1.05–1.55 for ≥164cm vs. <160cm; P for trend=0.02). After full adjustment, there was a significantly positive relationship between sitting-to-standing height ratio and melanoma risk (RR=1.40, 95% CI=1.06–1.86 for ≥0.533 vs. <0.518; P for trend=0.02). A large body shape at menarche was inversely associated with the risk of melanoma (RR=0.78, 95% CI=0.62–0.98; compared with lean). However, weight, body mass index, body surface area, waist or hip circumference, sitting height or leg length were not significantly associated with risk. ConclusionThese results suggest that height, sitting-to-standing height ratio and body shape at menarche may be associated with melanoma risk. Further research is required to confirm these relationships and better understand the underlying mechanisms.

Correlation between fertility drugs use and malignant melanoma incidence: the state of the art.

The relationship between fertility, reproductive hormones, and risk of malignant melanoma has acquired much interest in recent years. Melanocytes are hormonally responsive cells, and some in vitro studies demonstrated that estrogen hormones stimulate the growth of melanocytes. Moreover, estrogen receptors have been identified in melanoma cells, as well as in melanocytic nevi and in normal skin. Some evidences suggest a possible link between fertility treatments and the increased risk of malignant melanoma. This article addresses this association through a scrupulous search of the literature published thus far. The aim of this review is to determine the incidence of malignant melanoma in women treated with fertility drugs and to examine if the exposure to fertility treatments really increases the risk of malignant melanoma. In particular, our analysis focused on the different types of drugs and different treatment schedules used. Finally, this study provides additional insights regarding the long-term relationships between fertility drugs and the risk of malignant melanoma.

Association between genetic polymorphisms in apoptosis-related genes and risk of cutaneous melanoma in women and men

BackgroundThe P53 Arg72Pro, MDM2 c.+309T>G, BAX c.–248G>A, and BCL2 c.–717C>A polymorphisms have variable roles in the apoptosis pathways. ObjectiveTo clarify the roles of these polymorphisms in the risk for cutaneous melanoma (CM). MethodsGenomic DNA of 200 CM patients and 215 controls was analyzed by PCR–RFLP. ResultsIn women, the frequencies of BAX GG (83.0% vs. 71.0%, P=0.04), BCL2 AA (32.0% vs. 15.0%, P=0.003), P53 ArgArg plus BAX GG (84.9% vs. 63.2%, P=0.01), P53 ArgArg plus BCL2 AA (37.0% vs. 13.1%, P=0.003), BAX GG plus BCL2 AA (70.3% vs. 33.3%, P=0.001), MDM2 GG plus BAX GG plus BCL2 AA (27.3% vs. 3.7%, P=0.03), and P53 ArgArg plus MDM2 GG plus BAX GG plus BCL2 AA (33.3% vs. 5.6%, P=0.04) genotypes were higher in patients than in controls. Female carriers of the respective genotypes were under 1.98 (95% CI: 1.01–3.91), 2.87 (95% CI: 1.43–5.77), 3.48 (95% CI: 1.34–9.04), 4.23 (95% CI: 1.63–10.96), 6.04 (95% CI: 2.10–17.37), 25.61 (95% CI: 1.29–507.24), and 25.69 (95% CI: 1.11–593.59)-fold increased risks for CM than others, respectively. In men, the frequencies of BCL2 CA+AA (83.0% vs. 67.6%, P=0.01) and MDM2 TG+GG plus BCL2 CA+AA (94.2% vs. 68.3%, P=0.003) genotypes were higher in patients than in controls. Male carriers of the respective genotypes were under 2.43 (95% CI: 1.23–4.82) and 9.22 (95% CI: 2.16–39.31)-fold increased CM risks than others, respectively. ConclusionThe data suggest for the first time that P53 Arg72Pro, MDM2 c.+309T>G, BAX c.–248G>A, and BCL2 c.–717C>A polymorphisms, enrolled in apoptosis pathways, constitute distinct determinants of CM in women and men.

Sunny Holidays before and after Melanoma Diagnosis Are Respectively Associated with Lower Breslow Thickness and Lower Relapse Rates in Italy

BackgroundPrevious studies have reported an association between sun exposure and improved cutaneous melanoma (CM) survival. We analysed the association of UV exposure with prognostic factors and outcome in a large melanoma cohort.MethodsA questionnaire was given to 289 (42%) CM patients at diagnosis (Group 1) and to 402 CM patients (58%) during follow-up (Group 2). Analyses were carried out to investigate the associations between sun exposure and melanoma prognostic factors and survival.ResultsHolidays in the sun two years before CM diagnosis were significantly associated with lower Breslow thickness (p=0.003), after multiple adjustment. Number of weeks of sunny holidays was also significantly and inversely associated with thickness in a dose-dependent manner (p=0.007). However when stratifying by gender this association was found only among women (p=0.0004) the risk of CM recurrence in both sexes was significantly lower in patients (n=271) who had holidays in the sun after diagnosis, after multiple adjustment including education: HR=0.30 (95%CI:0.10-0.87; p=0.03) conclusions: Holidays in the sun were associated with thinner melanomas in women and reduced rates of relapse in both sexes. However, these results do not prove a direct causal effect of sun exposure on survival since other confounding factors, such as vitamin D serum levels and socio-economic status, may play a role. Other factors in sun seeking individuals may also possibly affect these results.

Pooled cohort study on height and risk of cancer and cancer death

PurposeTo assess the association between height and risk of cancer and cancer death.MethodsThe metabolic syndrome and cancer project is a prospective pooled cohort study of 585,928 participants from seven cohorts in Austria, Norway, and Sweden. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for cancer incidence and death were estimated in height categories and per 5-cm increment for each cancer site using Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsDuring a mean follow-up of 12.7 years (SD = 7.2), 38,862 participants were diagnosed with cancer and 13,547 participants died of cancer. Increased height (per 5-cm increment) was associated with an increased overall cancer risk in women, HR 1.07 (95 % CI 1.06–1.09), and in men, HR 1.04 (95 % CI 1.03–1.06). The highest HR was seen for malignant melanoma in women, HR 1.17 (95 % CI 1.11–1.24), and in men HR 1.12 (95 % CI 1.08–1.19). Height was also associated with increased risk of cancer death in women, HR 1.03 (95 % CI 1.01–1.16), and in men, HR 1.03 (95 % CI 1.01–1.05). The highest HR was observed for breast cancer death in postmenopausal women (>60 years), HR 1.10 (95 % CI 1.00–1.21), and death from renal cell carcinoma in men, HR 1.18 (95 % CI 1.07–1.30). All these associations were independent of body mass index.ConclusionHeight was associated with risk of cancer and cancer death indicating that factors related to height such as hormonal and genetic factors stimulate both cancer development and progression.

Estimates of cancer burden in Campania

In Campania two cancer registries have been operating since 1996, covering part of the province of Naples and the province of Salerno, and amounting to 29% of the regional population. The aim of this paper is to provide estimates of the incidence, mortality and prevalence of seven major cancers for the entire Campania region. The estimates were obtained by applying the MIAMOD method, a statistical back-calculation approach to derive incidence and prevalence figures starting from mortality and relative survival data. Survival was modeled on the basis of published data from the Italian cancer registries. In 2012 the most frequent cancers were colorectal, breast and lung cancer with 3,969, 3,675 and 3,629 new diagnosed cases, respectively. The cancers with increasing incidence trends were breast cancer, lung cancer and skin melanoma in women, and colorectal cancer and skin melanoma in men. By contrast, the incidence rates of uterine cervix cancer and stomach cancer were decreasing. In men the lung and prostate cancer incidence rates increased, reaching a peak in different periods, and then decreased and stabilized, respectively. Prevalence was increasing for all considered cancers with the exception of cervical cancer. The highest values in 2012 were estimated for breast and colorectal cancer (34,000 and 22,000 prevalent cases, respectively). In the final period under study there was a decline in mortality for all cancers except female lung cancer. The highest crude mortality rates in 2012 were estimated for lung cancer in men and breast cancer in women: 80 and 31 per 100,000, respectively. This paper provides a description of the burden of the major cancers in Campania until 2015. The estimates highlight the need to reinforce organized screening, especially for breast and colorectal cancer, and to support evidence-based prevention campaigns against female smoking. All these aspects require continuous and updated monitoring of the main epidemiological indicators in the Campania population.

Estimates of cancer burden in Basilicata and Calabria

Basilicata and Calabria are two neighboring, low income regions of southern peninsular Italy with an overall population of about 2.5 million in 2010. Cancer registration has covered the entire Basilicata population since 2005 and the province of Catanzaro (18.3% of the Calabria population) since 2003. This paper will provide estimates and projections for the period 1970-2015 of the basic epidemiological indicators - incidence, prevalence and mortality - in the Basilicata and Calabria regions for the major cancers (lung, colon and rectum, stomach, skin mela-noma, breast, cervix and prostate). The indicators were estimated by applying the MIAMOD statistical back-calculation method to the 1970-2002 official mortality data, and to the 1985-2002 relative survival data collected by population-based registries of the southern regions of Italy. The incidence rates were estimated to be still rising for breast, prostate and colorectal cancer, and for skin melanoma in men. By contrast, they were estimated to be declining for cervix and stomach cancer. The incidence increased, reaching a peak, and subsequently decreased for lung cancer in men and for skin melanoma in women. The age-standardized mortality rates were estimated to decrease for all considered cancers except prostate cancer in men and lung cancer in women, which presented quite stable mortality rates from the mid 2000s onwards. Except for cervix cancer, prevalence was increasing for all considered cancers, particularly those of the breast and prostate. These data support the need for health policies focused on primary and secondary prevention, which is the main way to reduce the overall impact of cancer and to preserve health care resources, as well as on actions aimed at ensuring equal access to cancer care and at transferring innovation into clinical practice.

Estimates of cancer burden in Lazio

Since 1983 a population-based cancer registry has been operating in Lazio which provides incidence and survival data and covers the entire Latina province, amounting to 10% of the regional population. The aim of this paper is to provide estimates of the incidence, mortality and prevalence for seven major cancers in the Lazio region for the period 1970-2015. The estimates were obtained by applying the MIAMOD method, a statistical back-calculation approach to derive incidence and prevalence figures starting from mortality and relative survival data. Survival was modeled on the basis of published data from the Italian cancer registries. In 2012 the most frequent cancer sites were breast, colon-rectum and prostate with 5,529, 5,315 and 4,759 new diagnosed cases, respectively. The cancers with increasing incidence trends were breast cancer, lung cancer and skin melanoma in women, and prostate cancer, colorectal cancer and melanoma in men. The incidence rates of uterine cervix and stomach cancer decreased. The male lung cancer rates increased, reaching a peak in the late 1980s, and then decreased. Prevalence increased for all the considered cancers except cervix cancer. In 2012 breast, colorectal and prostate cancer had the highest prevalence, with 68,239, 36,617 and 33,934 prevalent cases, respectively. In the final period of the study the mortality declined for all cancers except female lung cancer. In 2012, the highest mortality rates were estimated for lung cancer in both men and women, with 89 and 40 deaths per 100,000, respectively. These estimates give a useful description of the present and future cancer patterns in the Lazio region. Incidence, mortality and prevalence projections provide new information for health resource planning. Furthermore, they point to the need to reinforce the organized screening programs, especially for breast and colorectal cancer.

High cumulative risks of cancer in patients with PTEN hamartoma tumour syndrome

BackgroundPTEN hamartoma tumour syndrome (PHTS) encompasses several clinical syndromes with germline mutations in the PTEN tumour suppressor gene, including Cowden syndrome which is characterised by an increased risk of breast...

Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Vagina with a Survival of Longer than 5 Years after Recurrence: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Background: Primary malignant melanoma of the vagina is an aggressive and very rare malignancy. This tumor constitutes less than 3% of vaginal cancers and only 0.3-0.8% of all melanomas in women. The overall prognosis for patients with vaginal melanoma is poor. Furthermore, once a recurrence is noted, survival is extremely poor, with a mean survival time of 8.5 months. The result of bibliographic search for recurrent vaginal melanoma, only 3 cases have been reported to survive 5 years after re-treatment for recurrence. We report a case of vaginal melanoma with a survival of longer than 5 years after recurrence. Case: A 38-year-old woman presented with amelanotic melanoma of the vagina and underwent an operation and adjuvant chemotherapy. Twenty months later, sacral lymph node metastasis was observed. We removed her metastatic foci by surgery, and 2 of 15 lymph nodes demonstrated metastasis of malignant melanoma. The patient underwent 5 courses of adjuvant chemotherapy. She is alive and without evidence of disease 141 months after recurrence. Conclusion: While the prognosis of vaginal melanoma is poor, in certain cases, early detection and early treatment may improve the prognosis.

Use of SERTS (Socio-Economic, health Resources and Technologic Supplies) models to estimate cancer survival at provincial geographical level

AimThe main aim of this work is to compute expected cancer survival for Italian provinces by Socio-Economic and health Resources and Technologic Supplies (SERTS) models, based on demographic, socioeconomic variables and information describing the health care system (SEH). MethodsFive-year age-standardised relative survival rates by gender for 11 cancer sites and all cancers combined of patients diagnosed in 1995–1999, were obtained from the Italian Association of Cancer Registries (CRs) database. The SEH variables describe at provincial level macro-economy, demography, labour market, health resources in 1995–2005. A principal components factor analysis was applied to the SEH variables to control their strong mutual correlation. For every considered cancer site, linear regression models were estimated considering the 5-RS% as dependent variable and the principal components factors of the SEH variables as independent variables. ResultsThe model composition was correlated to the characteristics of take in charge of patients. SEH factors were correlated with the observed survival for all cancer combined and colon-rectum in both sexes, prostate, kidney and non Hodgkin's lymphomas in men, breast, corpus uteri and melanoma in women (R2 from 40% to 85%). In the provinces without any CR the survival was very similar with that of neighbouring provinces with analogous social, economic and health characteristics. ConclusionsThe SERTS models allowed us to interpret the survival outcome of oncologic patients with respect to the role of the socio-economic and health related system characteristics, stressing how the peculiarities of the take in charge at the province level could address the decisions regarding the allocation of resources.

Vulvar melanoma: A monocentric retrospective study on 29 cases.

e19036 Background: Vulvar melanoma (VM) represents 3-7% of melanoma in women. The 5-year survival rate ranges from 8 to 55%. Surgical excision represents the best definitive therapy but surgical radicality does not impact on recurrence or survival. Methods: Thirty women with histologically confirmed VM diagnosed between 1993 and 2009 were selected for this monocentric retrospective study. One patient with metastases at time of diagnosis was excluded from the statistical analysis. Clinical, pathological and follow-up data were collected. Cumulative incidences of events were calculated and compared across subgroups by means of the Gray test. Results: Average age at diagnosis was 62 years. Average Breslow thickness was 4.91 mm. Ulceration was present in 11 cases and was unknown in 5. One case of VM was multifocal at presentation. Eleven patients underwent a wide local excision, 11 a hemivulvectomy and 7 a radical vulvectomy Sentinel node biopsy was performed in 23 patients and at least one positive sentinel node was found in 8 cases. Eight patients received adjuvant therapy. Ten patients had a second tumor (other than melanoma); of these, a breast cancer was recorded in 5 cases. Four patients had a second primary melanoma: of the vulva (n=2), vagina (n=1), and urethra (n=1). Median follow-up among ongoing survivors was 79 months and median overall survival was 69 months. The 5-year overall survival was 55.4%. Median event free survival 34 months. Positive lymph nodal status was associated with an increased risk of loco-regional recurrences (P=0.04). Positive lymph nodal status (P=0.06), Breslow thickness &gt; 2mm (P=0.05) and number of mitoses &gt; 10/mm2 (P=0.04) increased the risk of distant metastases. Age, ulceration and type of surgery were not significantly associated with any type of event. Conclusions: Lymph node involvement, elevated depth of invasion and a high number of mitoses were the most important prognostic factors for locoregional recurrence and distant metastases. The same trends were observed for the overall survival, but results were not statistically significant. Conservative surgery in the form of wide local excision with adequate margins may replace vulvectomy. Sentinel node biopsy is feasible and its role in VM should be further investigated.

Smoking at diagnosis and survival in cancer patients

The effect of smoking on survival in cancer patients is limited by the lack of structured prospective assessments of smoking at diagnosis. To assess the effect of smoking at diagnosis on survival, structured smoking assessments were obtained in a cohort of 5,185 cancer patients within 30 days of a cancer diagnosis between 1982 and 1998. Hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios were generated to analyze the effects of smoking at diagnosis on overall mortality (OM) and disease-specific mortality (DSM) in a patient cohort from 13 disease sites containing at least 100 patients in each disease site. With a minimum of 12 years of follow-up, current smoking increased OM risk versus recent quit (HR 1.17), former (HR 1.29) and never smokers (HR 1.38) in the overall cohort. Current smoking increased DSM risk versus former (HR 1.23) and never smokers (HR 1.18). In disease sites with proportionately large (>20%) recent quit cohorts (lung and head/neck), current smoking increased OM and DSM risks as compared with recent quit. Current smoking increased mortality risks in lung, head/neck, prostate and leukemia in men and breast, ovary, uterus and melanoma in women. Current smoking was not associated with any survival benefit in any disease site. Data using prospective structured smoking assessments demonstrate that current smoking increased long-term OM and DSM. Standardized smoking assessment at diagnosis is an important variable for evaluating outcomes in cancer patients.

Skin cancer screening participation and impact on melanoma incidence in Germany – an observational study on incidence trends in regions with and without population-based screening

Background:The SCREEN (Skin Cancer Research to provide Evidence for Effectiveness of Screening in Northern Germany) project involved population-wide skin cancer screening with whole-body examination by general physicians and dermatologists. It was conducted in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein (July 2003–June 2004), but not in the German state of Saarland.Methods:The population-based registries of Schleswig-Holstein and Saarland provided data on melanoma incidence before, during, and after SCREEN to assess the association of skin cancer screening with incidence.Results:Approximately 19% of the Schleswig-Holstein population participated in SCREEN (women: 27%, men: 10%). A total of 52% of all melanomas diagnosed during SCREEN in Schleswig-Holstein were detected as part of the project. Melanoma incidence increased during SCREEN (invasive melanoma in women: +8.9 per 100 000 (95% confidence intervals (CI): 6.1; 11.7); men: +4.0 per 100 000 (95% CI: 1.6; 6.4)) and decreased afterwards (women: −10.6 per 100 000 (95% CI: −13.3; −7.9); men: −4.1 per 100 000 (95% CI: −6.5; −1.7)). Similar changes were not observed in Saarland that had no such project. The differences between the two states were greatest among women, the group with the greater SCREEN participation.Conclusion:The SCREEN project had a substantial impact on melanoma incidence. This is consistent with the impact of effective screening for other cancers.

Hormonal and reproductive factors in relation to melanoma in women: Current review and meta-analysis

A number of studies have focused on possible relationships between characteristics of female endocrine status and melanoma (CM) risk; however, the link between melanoma, oral contraceptive (OC) and hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) use, and reproductive factors remains controversial. A comprehensive, systematic bibliographic search of the medical literature was conducted to identify relevant studies. Random effects models were used to summarise results. Subgroup, meta-regression and sensitivity analyses have been carried out to explore sources of between-study variation and bias. We included thirty-six observational studies published in the last 30years. Summarising a total of 5626 melanoma cases, we did not find any significant melanoma risk associated with OC and HRT use. Several reproductive factors were also investigated, summarising data on 16787 melanoma cases. We found a significantly increased melanoma risk for late age at first birth, and women with more than one child may be at a lower risk for melanoma; however, socio-economic confounders were found to play a significant role in explaining this association. This study confirmed no increased risk of CM with the use of oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: exogenous female hormones do not contribute to an increased risk of CM. In contrast, significant associations of CM with parity and age at first pregnancy were observed in this meta-analysis finds and warrant further research.

Seasonality of cutaneous melanoma diagnosis in Northern Ireland with a review

In light-skinned populations, the incidence of cutaneous melanoma is highest in summer and lowest in winter. We analyzed the seasonal variation of melanoma incidence in Northern Ireland from 1984 to 2006 according to the Breslow thickness and body site. We also reviewed earlier studies on seasonal variation in the diagnosis of melanoma. Two-thirds of melanomas in women (2028 cases) and one-third of melanomas in men (1230 cases) were diagnosed on the limbs. In both sexes, pronounced seasonal variations were observed in the incidence of invasive melanomas less than 2 mm arising on the limbs. These seasonal variations were mainly noticeable in women of all ages, to a lesser degree in men aged below 50 years, and not in men aged above 50 years. No seasonal variation was observed for melanomas less than 2 mm arising on the trunk or the head and neck nor for melanomas 2 mm thickness or more, irrespective of the age, sex, and body site. Seasonal variations of thin melanomas were less noticeable in men because of the axial predominance of melanoma occurrence in this sex. The review of 15 earlier studies found by a systematic search of Medline supported the likelihood of our findings. This analysis suggests that ultraviolet radiation has a short-term promotional effect on melanocytes or nevocytes of the limbs, and is not associated with progression from thin to thick melanoma.

Gender Differences in Melanoma Survival: Female Patients Have a Decreased Risk of Metastasis

Female melanoma patients generally exhibit significantly longer survival than male patients. This population-based cohort study aimed to investigate gender differences in survival and disease progression across all stages of cutaneous melanoma. A total of 11,774 melanoma cases extracted from the Munich Cancer Registry (Germany), diagnosed between 1978 and September 2007, were eligible to enter the study. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for tumor and patient characteristics, were estimated for the end points of survival, regional and systemic progression, and survival after progression. A significant female advantage was observed for melanoma-specific survival (adjusted HR 0.62; 95% CI 0.56-0.70). Women were at a lower risk of progression (HR 0.68; 95% CI 0.62-0.75), including a lower risk of lymph node metastasis (HR 0.58; 95% CI 0.51-0.65) and visceral metastases (HR 0.56; 95% CI 0.49-0.65). They retained a significant survival advantage after first progression (HR 0.81; 95% CI 0.71-0.92) and lymph node metastasis (HR 0.80; 95% CI 0.66-0.96), but this became borderline significant (HR 0.88; 95% CI 0.76-1.03) after visceral metastasis. Localized melanomas in women had a lower propensity to metastasize, resulting in a better survival when compared with men, even after first disease progression. These results suggest differences in tumor-host interaction across gender.

The lower incidence of melanoma in women may be related to increased preventative behaviors

Background Men have a higher lifetime incidence of melanoma than women. Methods Data from the 2005 Health Interview Survey were analyzed for sex differences in response to sun exposure and reported preventive measures among adults. Results There were 31,428 people surveyed representing the US population. Although women were more likely to burn after 1 hour of sun (8.7% vs 5.4%), they also reported fewer sunburns than men (mean .7 vs .9). Women were also more likely stay in the shade (11.2% vs 6.2%) and always use sunscreen. However, women used a tanning bed more than men (2.1 vs .6 times per year) and were less likely to wear protective clothing when in the sun than men. After controlling preventive behaviors, men were 1.4 times more likely to have had a sunburn during the last 12 months. Conclusions Although men more often wear protective clothing and are less likely to use a tanning bed, women are more likely to avoid sun exposure and use sunscreen. The higher incidence of melanoma in men may be explained, in part, by an increased incidence of preventive measures taken by women.

The Influence of Pregnancy on the Recurrence of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma in Women

Objective. The aim of this study was to determine whether pregnancy increases the recurrence risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) in women with a history of stage I CMM. Methods. The electronic medical databases of Medline and Embase were explored. All 1084 obtained articles were screened on title and abstract using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A critical appraisal of relevance and validity was conducted on the remaining full text available articles. Results. Two studies were selected. Both studies revealed no significant difference in disease-free survival between women with stage I CMM and the control population. Conclusion. Pregnancy does not increase the recurrence risk of CMM in women with a history of stage I CMM.

Genotype Linked to Early Melanoma in Women

Genotype Linked to Early Melanoma in Women