Male High School Research Articles

The impact of inactivity during the COVID-19 pandemic on the physical performance of high school athletes

Background/ObjectiveThis study was conducted during the 2019–2020 academic year to evaluate the impact of participation in school sports on students’ Body Mass Index (BMI) and Assessing Levels of Physical Activity (ALPHA) test scores. Interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to a suspension of in-person education, the study resumed in September 2021, refocusing on the effects of pandemic-induced inactivity on the physical fitness levels of the same cohort.MethodsThe study included twenty-nine male high school students (age: 17,24 ± 0,73 years), divided into thirteen athletes (participating in sports such as football, basketball, and track) and sixteen non-athletic counterparts. They underwent reassessment using the ALPHA test battery, evaluating cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and motor skills fitness. Data were analyzed using independent and paired samples t-tests and a two-way repeated measures ANOVA to assess changes over time and between groups. Discriminant function analysis evaluated the ALPHA test’s ability to classify students based on their athletic status pre- and post-pandemic.ResultsInitially, athlete students exhibited significantly better BMI, 20 m shuttle run, and 4 × 10 m speed run scores compared to their non-athlete peers. After the pandemic, only the 20 m shuttle run scores remained significantly higher for athletes, with diminished distinctions in other fitness areas. The classification accuracy of the ALPHA test battery decreased from 89.7 to 75.9% post-pandemic.ConclusionThe enforced sedentary lifestyle due to the COVID-19 pandemic adversely affected all students, particularly diminishing health-related fitness parameters such as body composition, cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal strength, and motor skills. Students previously engaged in regular physical activity, notably school athletes, experienced significant fitness declines. This highlights the urgent need for targeted interventions to encourage active lifestyles among youth in the post-pandemic phase, aiming to avert long-term adverse health outcomes.

Contribution Of Hand Reaction Speed And Feet Movement Speed With Table Tennis Playing Skills

Table tennis is a very unique type of small ball game. This is because table tennis uses a small ball made of celluloid, lightweight, and uses a bat to hit. This game is played on a table bounded by a net at the center of the table. The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of hand reaction speed and footwork speed to playing tennis skills. This research belongs to the type of descriptive correlational research using a population of all male students state high school 1Marioriawa Soppeng Regency with a total sample of 40 people selected by random sampling. The data analysis technique used is the correlation analysis technique using the SPSS version 22.00 system at a significant level of 95% or 0.05. Starting from the results of data analysis, this study concludes that: (1) Hand reaction speed has a contribution to playing tennis skills by 61.6%; (2) Footwork speed has a contribution to the skills of playing tennis by 72.4%; and (3) Hand reaction speed and footwork speed have a contribution to the skill of playing tennis by 73.9%.

School counselor perceptions and practices of advising male high school students regarding a career in nursing

BackgroundThe literature describes how male high school students with an interest in a career in nursing have struggled to obtain guidance, support, and accurate information. PurposeThe purpose of this mixed-methods study was to understand the perceptions and practices of school counselors when advising male high school students about a nursing career. MethodSixty-one school counselors completed an online survey, and nine participated in online interviews between June 2022 and February 2023. ResultsUnlike previously published studies, school counselors have an overall positive view of men in nursing and were supportive of male high school students becoming nurses. ConclusionsSchool counselors need more accurate and consistent resources.

Severe memory decline along with unaffected executive functions under 400 mg/day of cenobamate leading to a collapse in school performance

ABSTRACT Cenobamate (CNB) is one of the newer antiseizure medications for the treatment of focal-onset seizures. The cognitive profile of CNB is not yet known in detail. Here we present the case of an 18-year-old male high school student with epilepsy who received adjunctive CNB. Under 400 mg/d of CNB in combination with lamotrigine, a neuropsychological reassessment revealed a severe deterioration of the formerly normal episodic memory functions, while executive functions remained unaffected. The de novo memory deficit had already led to a collapse in school performance and he unexpectedly failed to obtain the general qualification for university entrance. Given the beneficial effect of CNB on seizure control, a dose reduction of CNB to 200 mg/d and introduction of valproic acid was performed. This led to a full recovery of objective memory performance. To our knowledge this is the very first report of a dose-dependent, selective and severe decline in episodic memory performance under CNB, potentially impeding academic achievement. The findings call for a cognitive monitoring of CNB which also addresses episodic memory in addition to executive functions. Systematic studies on episodic memory upon CNB treatment would help to appreciate the scope of this apparently reversible adverse effect.

Influence of career awareness on STEM career interests: examining the roles of self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and gender

BackgroundThe studies of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) career interests have progressed substantially over the recent years. However, the influence of career awareness on STEM career interests is an area that requires further discussion. Evidently, Chinese adolescents have limited awareness and interest in STEM careers in the context of the Chinese cultural milieu, which can potentially constrain their future career trajectories. This study explored the influence of career awareness on the STEM career interests of Chinese high school students, examining the mediating roles of self-efficacy and outcome expectations for STEM courses in this relationship. Additionally, it analyzes the impact of gender on the average levels and interrelations of these variables. A sample of high school students from both eastern and western regions of China (N = 2542) was selected, and data was analyzed using a structural equation modeling approach.ResultsThe findings indicate that while STEM career awareness impacts various types of STEM career interests, minor differences exist in these effects. Specifically, the influence of STEM career awareness on analytical STEM career interests is entirely mediated by self-efficacy and outcome expectations in STEM courses. However, for life-survival and life-healthy STEM career interests, this mediation is only partial, with respective effects accounting for 39% and 45%. Notably, significant mean-level differences exist between male and female students in STEM career interests and self-efficacy in STEM courses, yet the relationships among these variables remain consistent across genders.ConclusionsThis study underscores the pivotal influence of career awareness in molding STEM career interests, shedding light on the mediating functions of self-efficacy and outcome expectations within STEM courses. Through a gender-based analysis, it offers valuable insights into the differing inclinations of male and female high school students in the STEM realm, while also revealing consistent patterns in the relationships among these variables across genders. These findings underscore the necessity for heightened efforts to bolster STEM career awareness and fortify self-efficacy and outcome expectations within STEM courses, particularly in domains characterized by notable gender disparities, aiming to foster equitable advancement within the STEM disciplines.

English Language Learning Beliefs of Iranian High School Students

Language learning beliefs are considered to be an important factor influencing student learning outcomes. This mixed-methods research investigated English language learning beliefs of Iranian English language learners. Data were collected from 226 junior and senior male and female high school students using the Beliefs about Language Learning Inventory (BALLI) and semi-structured interviews. Participants reported strong beliefs in terms of ‘motivation and expectation’ and ‘foreign language aptitude’. First and third graders’ mean belief scores were statistically different across their ‘overall beliefs’, ‘foreign language aptitude’, and ‘motivation and expectations’. Moreover, although the overall gender differences were not statistically meaningful, significant differences were noticed with regards to beliefs about ‘difficulty of language learning’ and ‘foreign language aptitude’. The results underscore the hypothesis that changes in language learning beliefs happen due to learners’ stage of development, i.e. their grade. Further, certain misconceptions among high school learners were noticed about the role of aptitude and intelligence, error correction, and supremacy of learning certain forms of language. The implications are discussed with reference to language education and policy development.

Applying the constraints-led approach to facilitate exploratory learning of the volleyball serve

ABSTRACT Exploration is an important feature for successfully learning motor skills. However, game rules such as one attempt to serve in volleyball could discourage exploration due to an individual’s fear of making a mistake and forfeiting a point. The constraints-led approach is a coaching methodology that encourages exploration by selectively manipulating task constraints such as rules. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine whether the addition of the task constraint of a second serve would encourage volleyball players to use their first serve to explore their action capabilities. Forty male high school students competed in two volleyball games; a regulation (single serve) game and a modified (2-serve) game. Participants reported that having a second chance at serving allowed them to feel more confident and relaxed which facilitated the exploration of their serving capability. In the 2-serve game, participants attempted a more powerful (M = 60.3 km/hr), and complex (M = 44.5% jump topspin serves) first serve, compared to the regulation game (M = 55.6 km/hr; M = 25.2% jump topspin serves). Findings suggest that to facilitate learning of motor skills, it is important to manipulate the practice environment using task constraints to address the factors that restrict exploration.

The Modified Reactive Strength Index Is a Valid Measure of Lower-Body Explosiveness in Male and Female High School Athletes.

Witte, BC, Schouten, TC, Westphal, JA, VanZile, AW, Jones, DD, Widenhoefer, TL, Dobbs, WC, Jagim, AR, Luedke, JA, and Almonroeder, TG. The modified reactive strength index is a valid measure of lower-body explosiveness in male and female high school athletes. J Strength Cond Res 38(8): 1428-1432, 2024-The modified reactive strength index (mRSI) is a commonly used metric to quantify lower-body explosiveness during countermovement jump (CMJ) performance. However, few studies have attempted to examine its validity as a measure of explosiveness, particularly among high school athletes. The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of the mRSI as a measure of lower-body explosiveness among a relatively large sample of male and female high school athletes from various sports. As part of this study, male ( n = 132) and female ( n = 43) high school athletes performed CMJs, while ground reaction forces were recorded using a force platform. The vertical ground reaction force data collected during the CMJs were used to derive the following variables: peak force (PF), peak power, time to PF, time to take-off, peak rate of force development, and the mRSI. Principal component analysis was applied and reduced these variables into 2 components related to "force" and "speed." The mRSI loaded on both the force (loading = 0.82) and speed (loading = -0.46) components, indicating that it incorporates elements of both force and speed, although it loaded more strongly on the force component than the speed component. The observed pattern of cross-loading suggests that the mRSI is generally a valid measure of lower-body explosiveness for male and female high school athletes.

Analysis of the facade and spatial quality of educational buildings of the first national architecture period: The case of Konya

In the last years of the 19th century, architects who were under the influence of the nationalist ideas that developed in the last years of the 19th century and were strengthened with the declaration of the constitutional monarchy, led to the emergence of the First National Architectural Period as a reaction. They also considered this period as an eclectic architectural style in which they reinterpreted the facade, plan and ornamental elements of Ottoman and Seljuk architecture with Western construction techniques. In this architectural process, many public buildings, hotels, bank buildings, ministry buildings, educational buildings and residences were built. Educational buildings are an important group among the new types of buildings constructed in Konya, which has maintained its political and cultural importance throughout history. In this study, the façade and spatial quality analyses of the Sanayi Mektebi, Male Teachers' High School (Dârü-l Muallimin), Girl Teachers' School (Dârü-l Muallimat) and Gazi Mustafa Kemal, Hakimiyet-i Milliye and İsmet Paşa Primary Schools, which are among the educational buildings built during the First National Architectural Period and which contributed to the identity of the city of Konya, were examined. The authenticity and conservation values of the selected educational buildings were determined and compared with each other. According to the results obtained from the façade and spatial analyses of these samples; authenticity values are determined depending on the rate of having the characteristics of the period and conservation criteria. The fact that no previous study has been carried out in this period and group of buildings using the method defined increases the originality value of the subject.

Exploring science identity among Jordanian high school students: a case study

This study aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the science identity scale (SIS) and to explore any differences in levels of science identity due to gender. The study sample comprised 304 male and female high school students who had completed the SIS. To achieve study objectives, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used. The results of the exploratory factor analysis showed that four factors explained (40.542%) of total variance. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good model fit, and the Cronbach alpha was calculated to be 0.85 for the SIS. Finally, the results revealed statistically significant differences in the level of science identity and its subscales (science performance, science competence, science recognition, and science interest) based on the gender variable, with females scoring higher. The study recommends that teachers utilize the SIS to assess the level of science identity among students and implement teaching practices aimed at enhancing the science identity of secondary school students.

Arthroscopic Shoulder Stabilization in High School Football Players.

Destabilizing shoulder injuries are common in high school American football players; however, the rate of recurrent glenohumeral instability and return to play after arthroscopic labral stabilization surgery remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of recurrent instability on return to competitive high school football after arthroscopic shoulder labral stabilization and capsulorrhaphy procedures. It was hypothesized that the instability rate would be greater in players with more years of eligibility remaining (YER) to play at the high school level. Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Consecutive male high school football players with at least 1 YER who sustained at least 1 anterior traumatic inseason shoulder instability episode and underwent arthroscopic stabilization between 2012 and 2017 were identified. Patients and/or families were contacted by phone to discuss (1) recurrent instability episodes and (2) return to competitive sport and/or recreational athletic activity. Statistical analysis was conducted using chi-square tests to compare recurrent shoulder instability with return to play and YER. A total of 45 football players aged 14 to 17 years were included, with a mean follow-up of 4.1 years. Most patients (60%) chose not to return to competitive football, due mainly to fear of recurrent injury. Overall, the recurrent instability rate was 15.6% (7/45). The instability rate in players who returned to football was 16.7%, with 66.7% requiring revision surgery. The instability rate in patients who did not return to football was 14.8%, with no revision procedures required. In players who returned to football, the instability rate in YER group 4 was significantly higher than that in YER groups 1 to 3 (42% vs 10.5%, respectively, P = .03), with each year of play conferring an additional 10% risk of reinjury. There was a significant difference in the type of recurrent instability in players who returned to any sport versus those who did not (P = .029). High school football players who returned to competitive play after arthroscopic shoulder stabilization surgery experienced a higher rate of recurrent instability that was dependent on their YER. Over half of the players chose not to return to football, with fear of reinjury being the most common reason.

Examining the relationship between life regulation, rumination and experiential avoidance with the level of symptoms and severity of depression in male students of the first year of high school

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between emotion regulation rumination and experiential avoidance with the level of symptoms and severity of depression in male high school students of the first year. The method of the descriptive research was correlation type and the statistical population included all male students of the first period of secondary school in Zanjan city in 2014-01. The sampling method in this research was simple random and the sample number was 60 students. The measurement tools used in this research were emotion regulation questionnaire, attitude towards addiction and rumination and experiential avoidance. Pearson's test was used to analyze the data, and SPSS statistical software was used for this purpose. The results showed that with a confidence level of 0.05% and with a confidence level of 0.95, there is a relationship between attitude towards drugs and physical health ( r =-0.18), exercise and wellness ( r =-0.24 ), weight control and nutrition. ( r =-0.19 ), disease prevention ( r =-0.22 ), mental health ( r =-0.13 ), spiritual health ( r =-0.31 ), social health (-0.19) = r ), environmental health ( r = -0.18 ) and self-efficacy ( r = -0.34 ), there is a significant negative relationship ( p < 0.05 ). Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that emotion regulation and rumination and experiential avoidance are negative influencing factors in students' attitude towards drug use and better than drugs and rumination and experiential avoidance to students. to be given.

Adolescent male friendships 28 years later: adult criminal offences and domestic/intimate partner violence

Adult arrest records were examined for a cohort of 150 public high school males named as friends by classmates 28 years earlier. The overall adult arrest rate was 35.3%. The arrest rate for males with at least one disciplinary referral was 59.2%. Friendship data were divided into offender–offender, offender–non-offender and non-offender–non-offender dyads. The proportion of offender–offender dyads was four times greater than offender–non-offender dyads, both for those with and without disciplinary referrals. These results are interpreted as indications of the possible influence of high school friends on adult offences. Arrests were disproportionally for violent offences against females among those who shared high school friendships. An interpretation that negative attitudes, emotions and behaviour toward females formed during activities with friends in high school, leading to a trajectory of violence towards women, is presented. Recommendations are made for interventions for adolescent male anger towards females to prevent adult domestic and intimate partner violence. Suggested interventions include anger management, school violence prevention, dating violence prevention and youth mentoring programmes. Also recommended is to change punitive school policies that bring students with behaviour problems together to opportunities for positive experiences, such as through organised activities, volunteer service in the community and restorative justice practices.

코로나19 시대의 청소년 비만 예측요인 분석: 의사결정나무분석방법을 이용하여

This study built a prediction model for BMI by sex of middle and high school students in the COVID-19 era by using 2021 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey. This study used data from 30,015 middle school and 24,833 high school students. The data was analyzed by using decision tree analysis. For male middle school students, if they did not engage in strenuous physical activity and spent more than 11 hours on a smartphone during the weekend, the obesity rate was the highest at 37.4%. Male high school students, those who did 0-1time strenuous physical activity a week and had medium-low level academic performance showed the highest level of obesity(36.2%). Middle school girls, when the academic performance was low and the anxiety disorder level was severe or conversely, the obesity rate was the highest at 18.4%. High school girls, the obesity rate was the highest at 20.5% when there was a significant change in the economic situation due to COVID-19 and the time spent on smartphone over the weekend was 9.8 hours or more. It is needed to develop a customized management and counseling program for obese adolescents.

COVID-19 기간 전·후에 따른 수영 선수의 폐활량과 무산소성 운동능력 및 체력의 비교 분석

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate lung capacity, anaerobic exercise capacity, and fitness in high school swimmers before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This study was conducted on 30 male high school swimmers and evaluated lung capacity, anaerobic exercise capacity, and fitness before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The study analyzed measurement variables obtained from the group through IBM SPSS Statistics version 22.0, and an independent sample t-test was used to compare and analyze the lung capacity, anaerobic exercise capacity, and fitness of swimmers before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Statistically significant differences in back strength, sit-up, repeated jumps, whole-body reaction, and trunk forward flexion were found between the groups before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The evaluation of the lung capacity and anaerobic exercise capacity of swimmers before and after COVID-19 pandemic did not find statistically significant difference between the groups. Conclusion: This study showed significant differences by group and will provide guidance on the development of a systematic training program for swimmers.

A STUDY ON SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS IN RELATION TO THEIR ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

The main objective of this research is to study the level of socio-economic status of high school students in relation to their academic achievement. This study involves a survey method. The sample size of the study was 200 high school students who were selected through random sampling technique. The main hypotheses of the study are the level of socio-economic status among high school students in relation to their academic achievement. There is no significant difference between the mean score on the level of socio-economic status in relation to their academic achievement among high school students with respect to their demographic variables such as gender, school location, family types and birth order. The statistical procedures used in this study were; Mean, standard deviation, t test and F-test to analyze the data. Major findings of the study: i). The level of socio-economic status and academic achievement among high school students is above average. ii). Male high school students are significantly higher than female students in terms of socio-economic status and academic achievement. iii). Rural and urban high school students were found to be similar in level of socio-economic status in relation to their academic achievement. iv). Individual families of high school students have significantly higher socio-economic status relative to their academic achievement than joint families. v). Consequently, there is no significant difference in the level of socio-economic status among high school students with respect to their birth order in relation to their academic achievement. My conclusion is that the present study reveals that the level of socio-economic status and academic achievement among high school students is above average. KEYWORDS: Socio-Economic Status, Health Status, Environment, Academic Achievement, High School Students.

Career and Life Development of a Gifted Student in Poverty: A Qualitative Longitudinal Case Study

This research is a qualitative study of Semi (alias), a gifted Korean male high school student living in urban poverty. Interviews with Semi 6 times for three years, 60 minutes per interview, were analyzed as a part of a longitudinal qualitative study. Semi had been overwhelmed by the harsh environment and unable to move forward. Semi was the only gifted among participants with the highest IQ (in the gifted range with Korea Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Ⅳ at age 17). Although he had the highest intellectual ability among the participants, he did not have confidence in himself. And he did not achieve anything at all when he graduated high school. He spent another year to prepare the college entrance exam, but he failed and left the research for good. The qualitative data were analyed into six themes (neglected childhood, intimate, but worried father, housing instability, helpful teacher, frustrated dream of astronomer, lack of motivation to escape poverty). Among them a representative example of Semi's poor environment is housing instability and Semi's disadvantage is also revealed in that he did not meet an adult who could be a role model for life. The implications and suggestions for future research in career education and counseling were discussed.

The effect of ladder drill exercises on some physical abilities in male junior high school students

This study aimed to determine the effect of ladder drill 1 foot in each on the upper and lower extremities training carried out for 8 weeks on strength, speed, power, and agility. The type of the study was a quasi-experimental. Ladder drill exercises were carried out with an intensity of 80-90% HRmax, a frequency of 3x/week, for 8 weeks. Strength was measured using back and leg dynamometers, power was measured using the Force Plate/Accupower Test, speed with the 30-meter Running Speed Test, and agility with the Side Step Test. For statistical analysis, the researcher used the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21. The significance level was established at 0.05. The results of the analysis comparing pretest to posttest strength were as follows: strength pretest vs posttest (78.00±21.69 vs 122.10±22.16 seconds; p=0.000). For power, the comparison between pretest and posttest showed (42.40±11.92 vs 60.72±22.16 Joules; p=0.338). In terms of speed, the pretest vs posttest results were (5.13±0.24 vs 5.19±0.23 seconds; p=0.000), and for agility, the comparison between pretest and posttest revealed (15.00±4.35 vs 22.60±3.86 seconds; p=0.000). Executing ladder drill exercises at an intensity ranging from 80-90% of the maximum heart rate (HRmax), with a frequency of three times per week over an eight-week period, resulted in enhanced strength, speed, and agility among male junior high school students. Nevertheless, there was no notable impact observed in the power variable.

An examination of the effects of family, school, and community resilience on high school students' resilience in China.

Resilience plays a pivotal role in shaping the academic accomplishments, psychological well-being, and future prospects of high school students. Despite its significance, there is a notable dearth of studies examining the current state and determinants of resilience among high school students in China. This research addresses this gap by assessing and exploring levels of resilience and their interconnections across four key domains-individual, family, school, and community-among Chinese high school students. The study also investigates variations in resilience based on factors such as gender, geographical location, and grade levels. A total of 667 high school students participated in the study, responding to four resilience scales. Chinese high school students exhibited generally low levels of resilience, with family resilience ranking the highest and community resilience the lowest. The study revealed that resilience is positively influenced by resilience levels in school, family, and community settings. Consequently, strategies aimed at fortifying resilience should prioritize interventions in familial, educational, and communal environments. Moreover, the research findings indicate noteworthy disparities in resilience among high school students based on gender, urban-rural divide, and grade levels. Female, urban, and lower-grade students displayed higher resilience compared to their male, rural, and higher-grade counterparts. This highlights the importance of focusing on resilience-building measures tailored to male, rural, and higher-grade high school students, given their increased likelihood of facing significant challenges and stressors in both academic and personal spheres. This study contributes to the broader understanding of resilience by investigating the correlations between individual, family, school, and community resilience among Chinese high school students. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to enhance resilience, particularly in specific demographic groups, thereby advancing the efficacy of resilience-building techniques in high school settings.

Predicting the occurrence of in-season groin pain in male high school soccer players: a cohort study.

[Purpose] This study investigated whether pre-season HAGOS (Japanese Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Scores) and eccentric muscle strength of the hip muscles predict in-season groin pain incidences in high school soccer players. [Participants and Methods] This study had a cohort design. The participants were male high school players under 18 years playing in the Japan Soccer League, which is an elite-level soccer league of that age category in Japan. The HAGOS and the strength of hip abductor and adductor muscles in eccentric contraction were measured before the season, and hip and groin pain incidences were recorded during the season. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the factors derived from the pre-season HAGOS and hip muscle strength tests, presumably pertaining to the development of in-season groin pain. [Results] The eccentric adductor muscle strength of the dominant leg and the HAGOS were selected as factors associated with groin pain during the season. [Conclusion] Low pre-season HAGOS and weak dominant-leg eccentric adductor muscle strength were suggested as factors to predict in-season groin pain occurrence in male high school soccer players.