Maleic Anhydride Units Research Articles

Radical cyclocopolymerization of divinyl ether and maleic anhydride. A 13C‐NMR study of the polymer structure

AbstractThe structure of the 1:2 copolymer of divinyl ether and maleic anhydride was investigated by 13C‐NMR spectroscopy. The polymer contains the bicyclic unit composed of one molecule of each monomer and the maleic anhydride unit. The carbon chemical shift for these units was calculated on the basis of the chemical shift of many model compounds. The major peaks of the cyclopolymer prepared in chloroform were consistent with the presence of the symmetrical bicyclic unit with cis junction and the trans monocyclic anhydride unit. The carbonyl carbon spectrum for the copolymer obtained in a mixed solvent of acetone and CS2 suggested the predominant formation of the unsymmetrical bicyclic unit. The polymerization process was discussed on the basis of these results.

Terpolymerizations involving maleic anhydride

Tracer methods have been used to analyse terpolymers formed in radical processes. The results have been used in an attempt to compare the reactivities of styrene, methyl methacrylate and methyl acrylate towards a polymer radical having a terminal maleic anhydride unit. Anomalous results are obtained in an application of the conventional treatment.

High pressure copolymerization of styrene with maleic anhydride

AbstractThe radical copolymerization of styrene with maleic anhydride was investigated in an acetone solution at 40°C under high pressure up to 4000 kg/cm2. Effects of pressure on the monomer reactivity ratio considering the influence of the penultimate monomer unit were studied from kinetic data and IR spectra. It has been found that the radical copolymerization rate increases with pressure, especially concerning the reaction of maleic anhydride with a polymer chain possessing a maleic anhydride unit preceding the active styrene chain end.

Ionic graft copolymerization. VII. Ionic graft copolymerization of β‐propiolactone onto the trunk polymers containing pyridine, amide, sulfonyl chloride, and carboxylic acid anhydride groups

AbstractThe graft copolymerization of β‐propiolactone (βPL) onto the various trunk polymers containing polar substituents such as pyridine, amide, sulfonyl chloride, and carboxylic acid anhydride groups was carried out. In the grafting onto the basic trunk polymer containing 4‐vinylpyriding units, two kinds of grafting mechanism are supposed. In the case of rigorously dried trunk polymer, the polymerization is initiated by betaine and proceeds with higher grafting efficiency. Another is initiated by pyridinium hydroxide and proceeds with lower grafting efficiency. Another is initiated by pyridinium hydroxide and proceeds with lower grafting efficiency in the presence of some amount of water. With acidic trunk polymer containing sulfonyl chloride groups, no graft copolymer was produced. The grafting efficiency of βPL onto the amphoteric trunk polymer containing acrylamide units was found to be between those of basic and acidic trunk polymer. In addition, the grafting by means of ionic copolymerization of βPL with maleic anhydride units contained in trunk polymer proceeded with very high grafting efficiency.

Viscosity and solubilization studies on weak anionic polysoaps in water; Effect of the counter-ion

Six weak anionic polysoaps with various counter-ions were prepared from a copolymer of maleic anhydride and dodecylvinyl ether. The maleic anhydride unit of the copolymer was either amidated with morpholine and then treated with alkalis to obtain lithium, sodium, potassium, ammonium, and morpholine salt or treated with sodium hydroxide alone to obtain a disodium salt of the polysoap. Viscosity measurements show that the hydration of the counter-ion bound to the chain becomes a significantly important factor for expansion of the polysoap chain, presumably because this interrupts hydrophobic interactions between long alkyl groups in the molecule. The solubilizing power of polysoap toward azobenzene, Orange OT, and Yellow OB did not appear to depend so much upon the nature of the counter-ion except for the ammonium and morpholine salts, which show especially large solubilizing power. However, the absorption maxima of the solubilizates in polysoap solutions as well as the competitive solubilization of the two solubilizates indicate that the ionic groups of the polysoap are also of importance, especially for the location of dye molecules in the polysoap molecule.