White Male Albino Rats Research Articles

The possible protective role of vitamin C on rat parotid gland exposed to mobile phone radiation

The widespread use of cell phones recently has raised interest in studying the safety of exposure to their electromagnetic waves. This study aimed to evaluate the possible protective role of vitamin C (Vit. C) against the pathological effects produced by the relatively long duration of third-generation mobile phone radiation exposure in the parotid gland of male white albino rats. Also, to detect the expected recovery after 4 weeks of withdrawal by immunohistochemical, histopathological, and biomolecular studies. Forty male adult white albino rats were used in this study, equally divided into 4 groups of 10 rats in each group: Group I served as the sham control group; Group II was exposed to radiation by phone generator (2100 MHz) for 3 hours/day for 5 days/week for 6 weeks; and Group III was exposed to phone radiation similar to Group II and supplemented with Vit. C at a dose of 40 mg/kg for 5 days per week for 6 weeks. Group IV (withdrawal) was exposed to radiation as Group II, then left without intervention for 4 weeks. Histological and immunohistochemical, and the biochemical evaluation of oxidative stress within parotid tissue (malonaldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), salivary total protein, and amylase activity). qRT-PCR for TGF, MMP2, NFKB, and TNF gene expression was performed in this study. Histological examination of the parotid gland in group II showed many histological changes, such as degenerative changes in the duct system, epithelial lining of the acini, interstitial space which. different collagen fibers and polysaccharides, blood capillaries, and nuclei. Also, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and Ki-67 were aggravated. The statistical analysis showed that treating rats with vitamin C improved the parotid glands’ ability to secrete amylase activity and total protein. It also fixed the antioxidant. Inflammatory cytokines TNF, NFKB, and fibrotic marker TGF and MMP2 gene expression were significantly upregulated in the exposed group, which was restored nearly to the control group after Vit C supplementation. Long-term exposure to mobile radiation affected. the. secretory function and the histological structure of the parotid tissues. Vitamin C supplementation ameliorated these pathological effects.

Morphometric assessment of the effects of monosodium glutamate on the carotid sinus wall: an experimental study

The increase in global burden of stroke is hard to overestimate. Every year it continues to be a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Extracranial pathology of the carotid arteries is a major underlying reason of stroke. Given the role of alimentary factors in the development of atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries, possible influence of food additives on the carotid sinus structure is of special interest. Monosodium glutamate is one of the most common food additives that is allowed for consumption in many countries due to it being considered relatively safe. Recent scientific research however points towards the possible adverse effects of monosodium glutamate on the living organism. The aim of this study was to analyze qualitative and quantitative parameters of carotid sinus structural organization of white male albino rats under normal conditions, in the setting of oral monosodium glutamate consumption and after its withdrawal. Carotid sinuses of 30 white male albino rats that had been daily consuming 10 mg/kg of monosodium glutamate for 4 or 8 weeks with subsequent withdrawal for 2 weeks were subjected to qualitative and quantitative analysis at different time-points of the experiment. The data obtained was compared with the results of morphologic and morphometric study of carotid sinuses of 9 rats of the control group. For morphometric analysis, the following parameters were considered: intima thickness, media thickness, adventitia thickness, diameters of the arterioles, venules and capillaries of the carotid sinus vasa vasorum. Summarizing the morphometric analysis results, it is worth noting that, for the duration of 8 weeks of the experiment, steady increase in the thickness of all layers of the vascular wall, but especially intima and adventitia, was observed in the study group. At the same time, the diameter of the arterioles located in the carotid sinus adventitia was decreasing, while venules and capillaries demonstrated invariable increase of their lumen diameter. After 2 weeks of monosodium glutamate withdrawal, the thickness of intima and adventitia continued to increase, while media thickness had somewhat decreased, probably due to fibrosis and dystrophy. The tendency towards narrowing of the arterioles’ lumen and widening of the venules and capillaries persisted for at least 2 weeks despite discontinuation of monosodium glutamate. Therefore, systematic consumption of monosodium glutamate may lead to impairment of carotid sinus structural organization, particularly endothelial proliferation, fibrotic and dystrophic changes of media, adventitia thickening as well as microcirculatory vessels damage, that continue to persist despite the food additive withdrawal.

The protective impact of hesperidin against carbimazole-induced hypothyroidism, via enhancement of inflammatory cytokines, histopathological alterations, and Nrf2/HO-1.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiproliferative effects of hesperidin (HSP) and eltroxin (ELT) on hypothyroidism (HPO) induced by carbimazole (CBZ) in white male albino rats. Thirty-two adult rats were categorized into four groups: Group 1, no treatment (control); Group II, treated with CBZ (20 mg/kg); Group III, treated with HSP (200 mg/kg) + CBZ; and Group IV, treated with ELT (0.045 mg/kg) + CBZ. All treatments were provided as oral daily doses for 90 days. Thyroid hypofunction was significantly manifested in Group II. However, increased levels of thyroid hormones, antioxidant enzymes, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, heme oxygenase 1, and interleukin (IL)-10, and a decrease in the level of the thyroid-stimulating hormone were observed in Groups III and IV. On the contrary, decreased levels of lipid peroxidation, inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor α, IL-17, and cyclooxygenase 2 were detected in groups III and IV. The histopathological and ultrastructural findings were ameliorated in Groups III and IV; on the contrary, Group II presented with significant increases in the height and number of layers of the follicular cells. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated a marked increase in thyroglobulin and significant decreases in the levels of nuclear factor kappa B and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in Groups III and IV. These results confirmed the effectiveness of HSP as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiproliferative agent in rats with hypothyroidism. Additional studies are required to assess its potential as a novel agent against HPO.

Physiological and histological Study on liver of male albino rats treated with retinol drug (retain)

Isotretinoin, commonly known as 13-cis-retinoic acid, is a vitamin derivative used to treat severe acne and several types of skin, head, and neck cancer. According to certain research, isotretinoin causes apoptosis in a number of different types of bodily cells. In instances of clinically obvious acute liver injury with jaundice, isotretinoin has not been definitively linked. It is unknown how isotretinoin elevates serum aminotransferase levels, however, given that this effect seems to occur more frequently with a greater dose of medication, it may be a direct harmful impact. Methods: This study was conducted in the animal house in the College of Science / University of Babylon for the period from 22/11/2021 to 22/12/2021. The study included 40 white male albino rats (Rattus rattus) aged 2-3 months, weighing 100 to 150 g, and at a temperature of (25+3C) and 12 u (light-dark cycle) and then divided into eight groups, each group containing five rats. The animals were left before treatment for two weeks to acclimatize. After that, the rats were treated with Isotretinoin and they were given free water and a ration.

Purwoceng nanosuspension repairs spatial white albino wistar strains’ spatial memory degeneration after sleep deprivation

Paradoxical Sleep Deprivation (PSD) induces oxidative stress and interferes permanent memory consolidation in hippocampus. Purwoceng (Pimpinella prutjan Molken) is herbal medicine with antioxidant effect. These effects will be more effective with nanosuspension technology. The research purposes is to find effect of PSD to rats’ spatial memory reduction and to find purwoceng nanosuspension extract effect to improve rats’ spatial memory after PSD stress induction. The research method is randomized controlled trial with posttest only with control group approach to 36 white male albino rats Wistar strain which is induced by 96 hours PSD stress model. Experiment groups is regular extract 25 mg/300g BW/day, purwoceng nanosuspension extract 25 mg/300 gBW/day, 50 mg/300 gBW/day, and 75 mg/300 gBW/day. Statistical analysis found that there is no significant effect of purwoceng extract to memory traveling time (p=0,414) and memory track length (p=0,316) between pre-PSD and post-PSD group. There is significant effect of PSD stress after purwoceng administration to memory track length and memory travelling time (p=0,005). The conclusion is that there is significant correlation between the difference of memory latency and memory traveling time of MWM test between the various purwoceng nanoemulsion dose. The 25-50 mg/300 gBW/day is effective dose of purwoceng nanoemulsion extract to repairs spatial memory degeneration after PSD stress.

Effects of Catha Edulis Forsk on spatial learning, memory and correlation with serum electrolytes in wild-type male white albino rats.

The burdens of psychostimulant use disorders are becoming a worldwide problem. One of the psychostimulants widely consumed in Ethiopia and East African countries is Catha edulis Forsk (khat). However, no studies have been conducted on the cognitive effects of khat and its correlation with serum electrolytes. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effects of khat on spatial learning and memory and their correlation with serum electrolytes. Diethyl ether and chloroform (3:1v/v ratio) were solvents used to obtain the crude khat extract in this study. T80W was used to prepare the khat juice, fresh khat leave extract. The rats were received crude khat extract subchronically (KESC) (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg b.w), khat juice (KHJ 2.5 mL/kg), 2% tween 80 in distilled water (T80W- v/v, vehicle) and khat extract subacutely (KESA) (300 mg/kg). For subchronic treatment, each rat was administered for twelve weeks before Morris water maze experiment has been started, while it was administered for a week for acute treatment. Spatial learning and memory were measured using the Morris water maze model and serum sodium, calcium, potassium, and chloride were evaluated using Cobas 6000. Spatial learning was improved with trials across the groups, while average escape latency (s) of rats received KESC 200 mg/kg (p<0.001), KESC 300 mg/kg (p<0.01) and KHJ 2.5 mL/kg (p<0.05) was significantly greater than rats that received vehicle. There was no significant difference in the latency between rats that received KESA 300mg/kg and vehicle (p>0.05). Thigmotaxis was significantly higher in rats that received all doses of khat extract (p<0.001). The time spent in the target quadrant in rats that received KESC 300 mg/kg was significantly reduced (p<0.05). Serum calcium level was inversely correlated with the escape latency (R = -0.417, p<0.05) in rats that received khat. Khat extract and juice administered subchronically, but not subacutely, impaired learning and memory and was associated with serum calcium reduction. The neuronal basis for such alteration should be investigated.

Effect of Nigella sativa, atorvastatin, or L-Carnitine on high fat diet-induced obesity in adult male Albino rats

Obesity is increasing rapidly across the globe. It is widely accepted that natural products with a long safety background may modulate obesity. The current work aimed to investigate the effect of Nigella sativa, atorvastatin, or L-Carnitine on high-fat diet-induced obesity in white male albino rats. A regular basal diet was fed to 7 rats, and a high-fat diet (HFD) was fed to 24 rats throughout the study for 12 weeks. The HFD group was split equally into four subgroups, each containing six rats. The first group fed on HFD with no medication, the second group received HFD+ Nigella sativa, the third group received HFD+ atorvastatin, and the fourth group received HFD+L-carnitine. At the beginning of the seventh week (the start of the treatment regimen), Nigella sativa, atorvastatin, or L-Carnitine were administered for six weeks. Glucose, body weight, serum atherogenic index (AI), ALT, and AST activities were analyzed. The pathological alterations in the hepatic tissues were examined microscopically and scored. The results revealed that the HFD diet significantly increased the final body weight, serum AI, and serum levels of liver enzymes. Treatment with L-carnitine or Nigella sativa significantly normalized the lipid profile and decreased the final body weight, serum AI, and Serum ALT. Histopathological examination of the liver of HFD received rats showed features of steatosis, which were mitigated by the administration of Nigella sativa or L-Carnitine, while atorvastatin had no significant effect on the improvement of hepatic lesions. Collectively, study findings showed that Nigella sativa or L-Carnitine has mitigated effects on metabolic and histopathological changes in the liver tissues of rats fed with HFD.

Biological role of phlorotannis extracted from brown algae and its activity in the diabetic treatment: Thesis Abstract

Thesis Abstract Diabetes mellitus characterized by hyperglycemia which associated with failure of various organs. Therefore, this study aims to investigate biological activity including the antioxidant, antibacterial and antidiabetic activities of polyphenolic compound derived from Egyptian brown seaweed Cystoseira compressa and Sargassum linifolium. Phlorotannis has been extracted and confirmed by different chemical and physical tests. The seaweed extracts exhibited higher antioxidant properties. Phlorotannis extracts showed antibacterial activity evaluated against species [Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus cereus]. In vivo study fifty white male albino rats were divided into six equal groups. The first three groups of rats are control normal, control C. compressa extract and control S. linifolium extract groups, the last three groups which are diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) had one diabetic control and diabetic that got 60 mg/kg of C. compressa phlorotannis extract and diabetic that got 60 mg/kg of S. linifolium after four weeks of diabetes induction. Phlorotannis extracts decrease serum glucose, α-amylase, glucosidase activity and liver malondialdehyde (MDA). However serum insulin, hepatic glutathione and total antioxidant capacityTAC were significantly increased compared with diabetic non-treated groups. Also phlorotannis make activation of AMPKα2 expression in skeletal muscle in treated group as compared to diabetic group. The histopathological results supported that phlorotannis extracts markedly reduce damage in β cells of pancreas. Finally this study confirmed that phlorotannis extract from C. compressa and S. linifolium algae have the capacity to act as antioxidant and antidiabetic agents. These results point phlorotannins extracts as potential pharmaceutical resources for human health.

Protective effect of quercetin compared to silymarin against phenylhydrazine induced anemia

This study has developed to evaluate the protecting effect of Quercetin in phenylhydrazine (PHZ) induced hemolytic anemia comparing to traditional used antioxidant (Silymarin). For that 45 male white Albino rats were randomly allocated into 5 groups, control group, phenylhydrazine group (PHZ) which injected by PHZ (20 mg/kg b.w, I/P at day 7th, 8th and 9th), Quercetin+PHZ group (Quercetin, 50 mg/kg b.w per os every day for 16 days), silymarin+PHZ group (Silymarin, 100 mg/kg b.w per os every day for 16 days) and Quercetin group. Serum samples of these groups were collected after 3, 5 and 10 days after injection of PHZ and used for biochemical and oxidative stress analysis. Also, specimens from spleen were collected for histopathologial examination. The results of this study showed that, Quercetin ameliorated phenylhydrazine effect on total protein, total bilirubin, direct and indirect bilirubin, LDH, iron and ferritin levels. Also, Quercetin improved levels of oxidative stress parameters GSH, SOD and MDA, and had protective effect on tissue of spleen. Therefore, Quercetin had protective effect in experimental phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic anemia. Also it was more potent antioxidant than Silymarin.

COMPARISON BETWEEN FLOW CYTOMETERIC METHOD AND OTHER METHODS FORRETICULOCYTE COUNT IN DIAGNOSIS OF PHENYLHYDRAZINE-INDUCED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

Reticulocyte count is the salient evidence of the effectiveness of bone marrow to produce red blood cells. Currently, the reticulocyte counting is a challenge for clinical laboratoriesmainly for the ordinary ones, which still use the manual method.This study was designed to evaluate the performance of flow cytometer for reticulocytes counting comparing to traditional and optimized manual methods which helpful in diagnosis of phenylhydazine-induced anemia.For that 45 male white Albino rats were divided into 5 groups, control group,phenylhydrazine group (PHZ) which injected by phz(20 mg/kg b.w, I/P),quercetin+phz group (quercetin, 50 mg/kgb.w per os), silymarin+phz group (silymarin, 100 mg/kgb.w per os) and quercetin group. Whole blood samples of these groups were collected at day 3, 5 and 10 after 1st injection of phz which used for reticulocyte counts by flow cytometeric method and other manual methods in addition to measurement ofCBC and osmotic fragility. Analysis of the results showed that phenylhydrazine injection induced hemolytic anemia with significant reticulocytosis and using of flow cytometer in reticulocyte count more precise, easy and fast than traditional and optimized manual methods. Furthermore, degree of hemolysis was significantly increases in phz group comparing to other groups. Therefore, we concluded that flow cytometric method for reticulocyte counts was simple, fast and highly reliable comparable to traditional and optimized manual methods. Also optimized manual showed that more perfect than traditional manual method and nearly to accuracy of flow cytometeric method.

EFFECT OF PIOGLITAZONE AND FLUOXETINE ON NEUROPATHIC PAIN INDUCED EXPER- IMENTALLY IN DIABETIC RATS

Diabetic neuropathic pain, an importantmicrovascular complicationindiabetes mellitus, is recognized asoneof the most difficult types of paintotreat due to underlying neuralpathologicalchanges such as inflammationand fibrosis. It is not possibletouse a single drug as a first-linetreatmentfor diabetic peripheral neuropathicpain. The aim of this work istostudy the neural pathologicalchangesand tissue levels of proinflammatorycytokines, TNF-αand IL6that may underlie the differenttypesof neuropathic pain (tactile allodyniaand thermal hyperalgesia)andto explore the effects of pioglitazoneand/or fluoxetine on thesechanges.Sixty adult male white albinorats were assigned into two maingroups,diabetic group with induction of diabetes by single intra-peritonealinjection of streptozotocin with highcholesterol diet and non-diabeticgroup fed on normal diet. Each maingroup was divided into subgroups(n=6 rats each) as follows: [I] control,with no treatment; [II] subjected toperipheral sciatic nerve ligation(PSL) only with no treatment; [III]PSL with pioglitazone treatment; [IV]PSL with fluoxetine treatment and[V] PSL with pioglitazone and fluoxetinecombined treatment. All subgroupswere tested before, at day 7andday14 after PSL for tactile allodyniaand thermal hyperalgesia followedby measurement of nerve tissuelevels of TNF-α and IL-6,quantification of collagen depositionand macrophages counting. Wefound that PSL significantly increasedinflammatory cell infiltration mainly macrophages and collagendeposition with significant increaseof nerve tissue levels of TNF-α andIL-6 in both groups. These changeswere associated with significant increaseof tactile allodynia and thermalhyperalgesia. Administration ofpioglitazoneand/or fluoxetine significantlydecreased both macrophagesinfiltrationand collagen depositionandnerve tissue levels of TNF-αandIL-6.These effects were associatedwithsignificant attenuation of tactileallodyniaand thermal hyperalgesiaproducedby PSL in both diabeticandnon-diabetic groups but fluoxetinealone had weaker effect in diabeticgroup. These results suggestedthatmacrophages infiltration and collagendeposition with associated elevationof tissue proinflammatory cytokinescould be a cause ofneuropathicpain and administrationof pioglitazone and fluoxetine can attenuateneuropathic pain by abolishingthese changes.

Thymoquinone suppressed Cyclosporine A- induced Nephrotoxicity in rats via antioxidant activation and inhibition of inflammatory and apoptotic signaling pathway

Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a strong immunosuppressive drug, but its use is frequently accompanied by severe renal toxicity. The potential renoprotective effect of Thymoquinone (TQ) against CsA-induced nephrotoxicity in rats was assessed. Thirty adult white male albino rats were divided into three equal groups. Group I: (Normal control), received no drugs, Group II: (CsA treated), rats received oral dose of Cyclosporine A (25 mg/kg b.wt/day) for 21 days. Group III: (TQ protected + CsA), received Thymoquinone (10 mg/kg b.wt/day) orally 7 days before and during 21 days of CsA treatment. The obtained results showed a significant increase in the concentration of urea and creatinine in serum and L-MDA level in kidney tissue with marked decrease in renal catalase activity and GSH concentration in CsA treated rats. Moreover, a significant down-regulation in Bcl-2 and up-regulation of NF-κB, PAI-1, Caspase-3 and p53 gene expressions levels were observed in kidney tissues of CsA treated rats. Also, various histopathological alterations were detected in kidneys of CsA treated rats. Meanwhile, TQ potentially improved renal function and oxidative alterations related to CsA near its normal ranges. Interestingly, histopathological findings supported that TQ markedly attenuates harmful effects that CsA induced and protected kidney. Our research could conclude that, TQ has an ameliorating role as potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic agent via inhibition of inflammatory (NF-κB, PAI-1) and apoptotic (Caspase-3, p53) signaling pathway in modulation of CsA-induced nephrotoxicity.

Chemo-Protective Potential of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles against Fipronil-Induced Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, Inflammation and Reproductive Dysfunction in Male White Albino Rats.

Fipronil (FIP) is an insecticide commonly used in many fields, such as agriculture, veterinary medicine, and public health, and recently it has been proposed as a potential endocrine disrupter. The purpose of this study was to inspect the reproductive impacts of FIP and the possible protective effects of cerium nanoparticles (CeNPs) on male albino rats. Rats received FIP (5 mg/kg bwt; 1/20 LD50), CeNPs (35 mg/kg bwt) and FIP+CeNPs per os daily for 28 days. Serum testosterone levels, testicular oxidative damage, histopathological and immunohistochemical changes were evaluated. FIP provoked testicular oxidative damage as indicated by decreased serum testosterone (≈60%) and superoxide dismutase (≈50%), glutathione peroxidase activity (≈46.67%) and increased malondialdehyde (≈116.67%) and nitric oxide (≈87.5%) levels in testicular tissues. Furthermore, FIP induced edematous changes and degeneration within the seminiferous tubules, hyperplasia, vacuolations, and apoptosis in the epididymides. In addition, FIP exposure upregulated interleukin-1β (IL-1β), nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS), caspase-3 (Casp3) and downregulated the Burkitt-cell lymphomas (BCL-2), inhibin B proteins (IBP), and androgen receptor (Ar) mRNA expressions Casp3, nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1(IBA1), and IL-1β immunoreactions were increased. Also, reduction of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), mouse vasa homologue (MVH), and SOX9 protein reactions were reported. Interestingly, CeNPs diminished the harmful impacts of FIP on testicular tissue by decreasing lipid peroxidation, apoptosis and inflammation and increasing the antioxidant activities. The findings reported herein showed that the CeNPs might serve as a supposedly new and efficient protective agent toward reproductive toxicity caused by the FIP insecticide in white male rats.

Effect of feeding artichoke and milk thistle on rats treated with CCl4 and glycerol/saline solution

The present study was performed to examine the effect of an artichoke and milk thistle consumption on liver function, kidney function, and lipid profiles. The chemical constituents were determined for the tested dried artichoke and milk thistle. This search was carried out using 72 adult male white albino rats randomly classified into two main groups. The first main group (36 rats) fed on a basal diet containing 20% - 40% artichoke and 20% - 40% milk thistle (acute liver failure groups). The second main group (36 rats) fed on a basal diet containing 20% - 40% artichoke and 20% - 40% milk thistle (acute renal failure groups).Then, the main groups were divided into six subgroups for each (n = 6). Results revealed that all groups treated with CCl4 or glycerol/ saline solution and administrated with different levels of dried artichoke and milk thistle (20% -40%) had a significant decrease in their liver function, kidney function, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-c and VLDL-c cholesterol compared with the positive control group. On the other hand, a significant increase in HDL-c was recorded in all groups administrated with dried artichoke and milk thistle (20% -40%) compared with the control positive group. The results indicated that the consumption of artichokes and milk thistle could help in reducing the symptoms of acute liver and renal failure.

The defensive role of taurine against gonadotoxicity and testicular apoptosis effects induced by cisplatin in rats

IntroductionCisplatin (CIS), which is used as a therapeutic antineoplastic agent may produce gonadotoxicity in a process linked to chemotherapy. Taurine, through its potential antioxidant effect, has a protective role against cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. ObjectiveTo investigate whether taurine intake can ameliorate testicular damage induced by cisplatin and to study the possible mechanism that mediates this action, either through its antioxidant action alone or in addition to its anti-apoptotic effects. Patients and methodsFifty healthy adult white male albino rats were randomly distributed into five groups, each involving ten animals. The first group represents the negative control group. The other four groups received three equal doses (3 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneal injections of cisplatin on alternate days. In the positive control group (group 2), saline only was given. Groups 3, 4 &5 received taurine in distilled water at oral doses of 50, 150, 250 mg/kg, respectively, on alternate days followed by cisplatin (each injection of cisplatin was given 1 day after taurine).On the 28th day after the first dose of normal saline, cisplatin or taurine, blood samples were examined for testosterone levels. All rats were killed and their testes were examined. ResultsRats treated with cisplatin alone showed reduced body weight in addition to reduced testicular weight, impaired sperm counts, and oxidative stress (reduced GSH, increased MDA level), decreased plasma testosterone, apoptotic marker (increased Bax, decreased bcl2). However following taurine induction, the figures for GSH and MDA changed significantly (P < 0.005) referring to the effect of taurine as a potent antioxidant. ConclusionsCisplatin-induced germ cell apoptosis may result in decreasing spermatogenesis. However, taurine could effectively prevent nearly all of these cisplatin-induced testicular abnormalities, thereby proving to be an effective cytoprotectant.

Hepatoprotective Effect of Gum Arabic in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver and Potential Modulation of Intestinal Microbiota (FS07-07-19)

ObjectivesTo study the hepatoprotective effect of gum Arabic in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and to test its ability to reverse the disturbance in intestinal microbiota associated with the disease. MethodsEighteen white male albino rats (150 g-170 g) were randomized into 3 groups (6 rats each). Animals of the normal control group were fed on a balanced diet. Non-alcoholic fatty liver was induced in the second group (HF group) by feeding the animals a high fructose-high fat diet (60% fructose,15% fat). Animals of the third group (GA group) were fed on a high fructose-high fat diet containing 10% gum Arabic. After 5 weeks, the animals were sacrificed, their livers were harvested, and feces samples were collected and stored at −80o C until analysis.Liver total fat was estimated using Folch’s extraction procedure. Liver sections were prepared and stained for histological examination. Genomic DNA was extracted from feces samples. Two intestinal phyla (Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes) were quantified by real-time PCR using specific primers. ResultsEstimation of the liver total fat showed a significant increase in the HF group compared to normal control. The GA group showed a significantly lower level of total fat compared to the HF group, which was comparable to the normal control group (P ≥ 0.05).Histological analysis of liver sections revealed severe fatty degeneration in most of the hepatocytes in the HF group. Hepatocytes of the GA group showed a marked improvement which was not far from the normal control.Real-time PCR showed slightly more copies of Bacteroidetes, and a slightly higher ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes in the GA group compared to the HF group. However, real-time PCR results were not statistically significant at P ≥ 0.05. ConclusionsGum Arabic is a promising functional food with a potential hepatoprotective effect in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Gum Arabic did not have a marked modulating effect on intestinal microbiota and more studies are needed in that area. Funding SourcesThis study was funded by the National Research Center in Egypt. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs▪▪

Expression Level of Caspase-3 Gene in Colorectal Cancer Induced by Dimethylhydazine and Potential Therapeutic Role Of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Curcumin.

Caspase-3 Gene is a unique protease enzyme involved in the initiation and execution of apoptosis process. The aim of this study to investigate the mRNA expressions of caspase-3 on experimentally induced colorectal cancer (CRC) in male albino rats, rats treated with adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and curcumin. Forty white male albino rats were divided into four groups 10 in each, Control group (1st): They received 0.5 ml of 25% DMSO orally once daily, while the other three groups were injected subcutaneously with dimethylhydrazine (DMH) at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight per week for 4 consecutive weeks. After two weeks of the last DMH dose, the 2nd Group: left injected with DMH only, the 3rd group: every rat received one million cells of MSCs interperitoneally once. The 4th Group: received oral curcumin at a daily dose 100 mg/kg body weight for two weeks. The colon tissue homogenate caspase-3 mRNA expression was assayed by (real-time PCR). Caspase-3 expression level was significantly decreased in the DMH group than that of the control group while it was significantly increased in DMH+MSCs and DMH+curcumin treated groups in comparison with a DMH group. Mesenchymal stem cells and curcumin thought to have an ameliorative effect on colorectal cancer in male albino rats. Thus the development of CRC may involve changes in the mRNA level of the caspase-3 gene.

ROLE OF ACTIVATED CHARCOAL IN LIMITING THE PROGRESSION OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN ALBINO RATS

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by impaired kidney function, progressive kidney damage, unbalanced gut microbiota and disrupted intestinal mucosal barrier function. The damaged intestinal barrier functions mediated mostly by urea, allows influx of toxic products such as indoxyl sulphate that cause systemic inflammation. Activated charcoal is a universal antidote for the majority of poisons. Activated charcoal was suggested as a supplementary treatment for patients with CKD to remove waste products such as urea, indoxyl sulphate and other toxins. Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the possible role of activated charcoal in limiting the influx of intestinal bacterial toxins to systemic circulation to limit progression of CKD in albino rats. Material and Methods: Forty male white albino rats were divided into 4 equal groups. Sham operated control group (Group I): rats in this group were subjected to all steps of 5/6th nephrectomy except for kidney removal and sacrificed after 6 weeks, 5/6th nephrectomised group (Group II): were subjected to 5/6th nephrectomy operation, early charcoal treated 5/6th nephrectomised group (Group III ): were subjected to 5/6th nephrectomy operation and charcoal treatment (4g/kg/day) started immediately after operation for 6 weeks, and late charcoal treated 5/6th nephrectomised group (Group IV): were subjected to 5/6th nephrectomy operation and charcoal treatment started 2 weeks after operation continued for 4 weeks. Body weight and arterial blood pressure were measured before scarification after 6 weeks. Level of creatinine, urea, indoxyl sulphate and C- reactive protein were determined in the serum. Histological studies of pieces of terminal ileum and colon stained hematoxylin and eosin were done. Renal fibrosis index was assessed in remnant kidney stained with Masson Trichome. Results: Group II had elevated serum level of urea, creatinine, indoxyl sulfate and C- reactive protein, colonic erosions and renal fibrosis compared to control group. Group III showed decreased level of serum creatinine, urea, indoxyl sulphate and C-reactive protein with partial restoration of the colonic mucosal integrity and reduction in renal fibrosis. Group IV had altered serum creatinine, urea and C- reactive protein but not serum indoxyl sulphate. Arterial blood pressure elevated in all studied groups compared to control group and was not affected by charcoal administration. Conclusion: Activated charcoal has the ability to limit progression of CKD and the fibrotic changes in the kidney as well as to limit the associated intestinal barrier disruption, and the early therapy was more significant compared to late interference.

PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SWIMMING EXERCISE ON ACRYLAMIDE INDUCED DIAPHRAGMATIC MYOPATHY IN MALE ALBINO RATS

Background: Acrylamide (ACR) naturally forms during high-temperature cooking of food. Many studies concluded that ACR has neurological, reproductive toxicities, and can produce carcinogenesis. However, the toxic effect of acrylamide on diaphragmatic muscle is not fully investigated. Objective: To evaluate the effect of acrylamide on diaphragmatic muscle and the effect of swimming exercise on diaphragmatic muscle after exposure to acrylamide. Materials and methods: Thirty white male albino rats classified into three groups, control, acrylamide, and (swimming & acrylamide) groups. Muscle enzymes were assayed. The diaphragm was weighed, and diaphragmatic muscle contractions were recorded and assessed histologically. Results: Acrylamide group significantly increased Creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and LDH insignificantly while Troponin I and T decreased. Acrylamide increased Malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased Superoxide dismutase (SOD). Swimming exercise with acrylamide increased LDH, SOD, decreased Troponin I and T and MDA. Acrylamide increased diaphragmatic muscle weight and decreased muscle contraction immediately and after 30 minutes of activity, swimming exercise returned the weight of the muscle near to normal and increased contractions. Histologically, acrylamide group showed degeneration, splitting, fatty and cellular infiltration, dilatation and hemorrhage of the blood vessel, reduction of glycogen and decrease expression of desmin. Swimming exercise improved the histological architecture of the diaphragmatic muscle, increased glycogen content and the expression of desmin. Conclusion: Acrylamide induced muscle myopathy by oxidative stress, muscle dystrophy, reduction of glycogen content and decreased desmin expression with reduction of diaphragmatic muscle contraction. Swimming exercise ameliorated the effect of acrylamide on diaphragmatic muscle by reversing the previous undesired effects of acrylamide.

Potential therapeutic effects of induced pluripotent stem cells on induced salivary gland cancer in experimental rats

ABSTRACTSalivary gland neoplasms exhibit complex histopathology in a variety of tumor types and treatment options depend largely on the stage of the cancer. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) have been investigated for treating induced salivary gland cancer and for restoring salivary gland function. We investigated iPS treatment for salivary gland cancer both in vitro and in vivo. For our study in vitro, we re-programmed human skin fibroblasts to form iPS cells using a plasmid containing Oct4, Sox2, L-MYC and LIN28. For our study in vivo, we used 30 white male albino rats divided into the following groups of 10: group 1 (control): rats were injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), group 2 induced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC): rat submandibular glands were injected with squamous carcinoma cells (SCC), group 3 (induced SCC/iPS): SCC treated rats treated with 5 × 106 iPS cells. Submandibular glands from rats of all groups were examined histologically and real time PCR was performed for amylase, and COX I and COX II gene expression. We confirmed that submandibular gland specimens included tumor tissue before starting treatment with iPS. iPS treated cases exhibited regeneration of salivary glands, although minor degenerative and vascularization changes remained. The acinar cells regained their proper organization, but continued to exhibit abnormal activity including hyperchromatism. iPS cells may be useful for treating salivary gland carcinomas.