Male Shrimp Research Articles

BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS, POPULATION PARAMETERS, EXPLOITATION STATUS AND SPAWNING POTENTIAL RATIO OF GIANT TIGER PRAWN (PENAEUS MONODON FABRICIUS, 1798) IN SEBATIK WATERS, KALIMANTAN UTARA

The limited data and the unreported information about the yields of giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798) in Sebatik caused difficulties in estimating potention and stock status of tiger prawn. The study that could be applied for estimating stock status and management strategy for sustainable shrimp fisheries in Sebatik Waters was the study about biological characteristics, population parameters and spawning potential ratio. Samples were obtained from the catch of trammel net by fishers in some landing areas in Tanjung Aru and the biometric data has been collected during April-December 2018. The growth parameters were obtained from the movement of the monthly mode of carapace length that were based on the Von Bertalanffy growth model. Exploitation status was obtained from exploitation rate of E and length based SPR. The results showed that the mean size of shrimps that was captured by trammel net was 46,9±0,14 mmCL for male and 53,4±0,25 mmCL for female. Most of shrimps were caught before they spawn (Lc=51,2 mmCL<Lm=55,8 mmCL) and tiger prawns spawn throughout the year that the peaks occurred in Agustus dan November-December. Female shrimp has larger size (L∞ jantan=66,25 mmCL; L∞ betina=84,5 mmCL) and faster growth rate( K male=1,27 year-1; K female=1,39 year-1) than the male. The natural mortality of male shrimp was the same as the female (M=1,7 tahun-1) while the fishing mortality of male was higher than female (F male=2,13 tahun-1; F female=1,7 tahun-1). Exploitation status of tiger prawn in Sebatik Waters was fully exploited (E=0,5-0,55) and the shrimp stock has not been on growth overfishing yet according to spawning potential ratio of 34%. The shrimps fishing in Sebatik Waters could continue by avoiding the fishing on the nursery ground.

Evaluation of genetic parameters for reproductive traits and growth rate in the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei reared in brackish water

It is very common to culture L. vannamei in brackish water or under low salinity conditions, but brackish water or low salinity genetic breeding for broodstock shrimp have not yet been studied. This study provides a preliminary evaluation of feasibility of broodstock shrimp genetic selection in brackish water. Shrimps were initially reared at brackish water (10 ppt) eight months, and female and male shrimps were selected from each family for reproductive traits test at the salinity of 30 ppt. The heritability and genetic correlations among growth rate and reproductive traits can have important implications to the design of breeding programmes to enhance the growth rate and reproductive efficiency. However, there are no reports on the relationship between growth rate and fecundity in shrimps reared eight months in brackish water. The principal objective of the present study was to estimate the genetic parameters concerning the growth rate and reproductive traits using a restricted maximum likelihood (REML) approach based on a univariate or multivariate animal model. The goal was to confirm the genetic relationship between growth rate and fecundity in Litopenaeus vannamei under the brackish water selection about eight months. In this study, the growth and reproduction traits of 115 L. vannamei families were tested when they were cultured until 11 months. The traits of the body weight at 2 months (M2BW), body weight at 4 months (M4BW), body weight at 8 months (M8BW), growth rate before 4 months (G1R), growth rate between 8 and 11 months (G2R), first spawning age (FSA), egg-laying frequency (ELF), average spawning interval (ASI), and body weight after testing (11 months, M11BW) were collected. The heritability levels of the G2R, ELF, and ASI were 0.03 ± 0.03, 0.074 ± 0.02, and 0.10 ± 0.03, respectively, which are low heritability levels. The heritability levels of the G1R, FSA, M8BW, and M11BW were 0.53 ± 0.06, 0.92 ± 0.08, 0.58 ± 0.08, and 0.52 ± 0.08, respectively, which are high heritability levels. The genetic correlations between M8BW and M11BW, between G2R and ASI, between M8BW and FSA, and between M11BW and FSA were 0.99 ± 0.01, 0.93 ± 0.10, 0.64 ± 0.10, and 0.67 ± 0.10, respectively, which are medium-high correlations; the genetic correlations between M11BW and ASI, between M8BW and ASI, and between G1R and ASI were − 0.04 ± 0.21, −0.20 ± 0.19, and − 0.30 ± 0.18, respectively, which are negative correlations. The genetic relationship between the growth rate and reproductive traits was different according to the growth stage. In the early growth stage of L. vannamei, early growth rate and reproductive were not trade-offs, but there is a clear trade-off between growth rate and reproductive at breeding season. The estimates of the genetic parameters indicate that these traits can be subjected to selection in the brackish water to improve reproductive efficiency in females. The genetic breeding programme according to the growth rate from 0 to 4 months is not associated with a negative selection for reproductive traits.

A natural antisense transcript of the fem-1 gene was found expressed in female gonads during the characterization, expression profile, and cellular localization of the fem-1 gene in Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei

The fem-1 gene in Caenorhabditis elegans is involved in sex differentiation; it is specifically required for all aspects of male development. In this study, the full-length cDNA of the fem-1 (Pvfem-1) gene was isolated from the Pacific whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei. The Pvfem-1 transcript is 3778 nt long and encodes a putative protein (PvFEM-1) of 638 amino acids that presented eight ankyrin repeats. The translated protein showed a significant (P < 0.05) structural similitude by superposition with C. elegans FEM-1 protein. Pvfem-1 expression was evaluated by qPCR and in situ hybridization (ISH) during embryogenesis, larval development, and gonads of both genders in subadult and adult life stages. Pvfem-1 was found expressed in brain, intestine, hepatopancreas, and in the gonads of both genders in subadults and adults when quantified by RT-qPCR. A significant finding was the discovery of a natural antisense transcript (NAT) of Pvfem-1 by ISH. It was present in the oocyte nucleus of subadult female shrimp gonads but was not seen within oocytes from adult females, although it was detected in follicular cells, suggesting a possible post-transcriptional regulation of Pvfem-1 in female gonad. Conversely, in males, no NAT was observed, and Pvfem-1 was found expressed in spermatogonia of both, subadult and adult shrimps indicating a function in male sexual differentiation and gametes generation. This study represents the first step for future functional analysis that is expected to contribute to clarifying the role of Pvfem-1 in sex differentiation and determination.

Effect of dietary vitamin E on growth, immunity and regulation of hepatopancreas nutrition in male oriental river prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense

We evaluated the effects of dietary vitamin E on growth, immunity and regulation of the hepatopancreas in male oriental river prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense. Shrimps were fed 0, 40, 80, 160, 320 or 640 mg vitamin E/kg for 60 days. The 80 mg/kg group had the highest weight gain rate, specific growth rate and lowest feed conversion rate while there were no significant differences in survival rate and hepatosomatic index. The highest crude fat and lowest crude protein content were observed in the 160 mg/kg group. In the hepatopancreas, lysozyme, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activities were highest in the 160 mg/kg group, while superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities decreased with increasing vitamin E levels. Malondialdehyde content initially decreased then increased with vitamin E levels, whereas the reverse was seen with total antioxidant capacity. Linoleic acid, DPA, DHA, total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and total polyunsaturated fatty acid first increased then decreased, while EPA and total saturated fatty acid rose with vitamin E levels. Total n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid content declined while there were no significant differences in linolenic and total monounsaturated fatty acid content. Following a toxicity test with Aeromonas hydrophila, hepatopancreas ultrastructure revealed that appropriate vitamin E levels promote an increase in mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies, but excess vitamin E can damage cell structure. These results provide evidence that 80–160 mg/kg dietary vitamin E has a positive impact on growth, immunity and regulation of the hepatopancreas in male shrimp.

Growth parameter, mortality, recruitment pattern, and exploitation rate of white shrimp Penaeus indicus in northern coastal waters of Western Central Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Saputra SW, Solichin A, Taufani WT, Rudiyanti S, Widyorini N. 2019. Growth parameter, mortality, recruitment pattern, and exploitation rate of white shrimp Penaeus indicus on the northern coast of Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1318-1324. The aims of this study were to know the growth parameters, first lenght captured (Lc), mortality, recruitment pattern, and the exploitation rate of white shrimp (Penaeus indicus H.Milne Edwards, 1837) in the Western Coastal North Central Java Sea, Indonesia. Samples were collected from May 2016 to July 2017 using survey method and direct observations on fishing unit areas. The results showed that the relationship of the carapace length and weight is allometric. Based on the estimates of von Bertalanffy growth equation to the carapace length, the growth parameters of CL∞ and K values in male were 37 mm and 0.97, while in female were 38.5 mm and 0.85. While, the rates of total mortality (Z), natural mortality (M), and fishing mortality (F) were 3.5, 1.67, and 1.84 for males, and 5.03, 1.51, and 3.52 for females, respectively. The exploitation rate (E) of male shrimp was 0.52 and of female was 0.7 indicating that female shrimp get higher capture pressure than the males. It also showed that the rate of exploitation has to exceed the optimum sustainable yield (E&gt;0.5). Time recruitment occurred throughout the year, with two peak seasons, i.e., in April-June and September-November. Moreover, the length of the carapace during recruitment was 15-20 mm. While the carapace length of the first caught (CL∞50) was 18.3 mm for male and 17.6 mm for female indicating that the P. indicus caught was still in the small size, as well as below the first mature gonad (CLm50 = 22-39 mm). This is because the mesh size of cod-end is 0.75 inches or about 2 cm.

Functional characterization of a cDNA encoding Piwi protein in Penaeus monodon and its potential roles in controlling transposon expression and spermatogenesis

Piwi proteins comprise a subfamily of Argonaute that plays a major role in germline development by association with a distinct class of small RNAs called Piwi interacting RNA (piRNA). Although the functions of Piwi in the development of germline cells as well as transposon regulation were reported in a number of mammalians and insects, developmental expression and function of Piwi subfamily in crustaceans is poorly known. This study is aimed at cloning and characterization of a Piwi cDNA in the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. The cDNA encoding a Piwi protein of P. monodon (PmPiwi1) was obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The PmPiwi1 coding cDNA contains 2811 nt encoding a putative protein of 936 amino acids, and was specifically expressed in testis and ovary, suggesting its possible function in gametogenesis. RNAi experiment showed that suppression of PmPiwi1 expression led to a significant up-regulation of retrotransposon gypsy2 and DNA element transposon mariner in shrimp testis. Investigation of the function of PmPiwi1 in spermatogenesis by sperm count showed significantly lower number of sperms in the spermatophore sac of PmPiwi1-knockdown shrimp compared with that in the control shrimp. Our study thus reported for the first time the cDNA encoding a Piwi protein in the shrimp P. monodon. Its roles in controlling transposons and spermatogenesis as implied by the results in this study will be important for understanding sperm development and could be useful for the improvement of reproduction in male shrimp in the future.

Effect of estrogen hormone, 17β-estradiol on feminization of banana shrimp, Penaeus merguiensis (de Man, 1888) postlarvae and the identification of the age of external sex differentiation

In the majority of species in which monosex culture is practised, the female is more economically attractive than the male because of its faster growth rate (Beardmore et al., 2001). Due to the profitability surrounding commercial shrimp farming, a study was conducted to determine the effect of estrogen hormone, 17ß-estradiol (E2) on the feminization and also to identify the age of external sex differentiation of banana shrimp, Penaeus merguiensis postlarvae (PL), starting from the first day of PL. From the results of feminization via a lower E2 hormone (0–1000 mg/kg) application revealed that, a concentration of 800 mg/kg was able to produce 79.3% females, while a 1000 mg/kg concentration would produce 85.3% PL shrimps with a 19.16% to 45.6% survival rate. By applying a higher E2 hormone concentration (1000–1800 mg/kg) of 1200 mg/kg to the shrimps’ feeding, 99% females were produced, while an application of between 1400 and 1800 mg/kg concentration was identified to produce 100% female PL shrimps with a 45.6% to 60.17% survival rate. The optimum concentration for application was identified at a higher dosage, which was at 1600 mg/kg, with a 100% feminization results followed by good weight and length growth rate compared to the results from other dosage applications. From the sex identification, the shrimp’s sex organ appeared at 50 days of culture (PL50) for both male and female shrimps. For the male shrimp PL, an Appendix Masculine was identified at its second pleopod; Male Gonophores at the fifth pereiopods and an Early Male Petasma was identified at the first pleopod. For the female, a Sharp Ridge Thelycum was identified at the fifth pereiopod of the shrimp. As a conclusion, even though the concentration to produce 100% females could be identified, further studies should be carried out to improve the survival rate of the PL shrimps, possibly by the use of hormone treatments in the future.

Genome size estimation of brackishwater fishes and penaeid shrimps by flow cytometry.

Flow cytometry was used for estimating the genome size of five brackishwater finfish and four shrimp species. The genome size for Lutjanus argentimaculatus was 0.95 ± 0.10 and 0.79 ± 0.01pg for Scatophagus argus. The genome sizes for Chanos chanos (0.72 ± 0.01pg), Etroplus suratensis (1.71 ± 0.16pg) and Liza macrolepis (0.87 ± 0.02pg) which are important aquaculture species are reported for the first time in this study. The phylogenetic tree constructed using sixty-seven sequence accessions of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene of Lates calcarifer revealed two separate clades. The Indian Lates calcarifer species with estimated genome size of 0.44 ± 0.02pg belonged to a clade different than that of South East Asia and Australia reported to have larger genome size. The genome size for the four major species of genus Penaeus (Penaeus monodon, Penaeus indicus, Penaeus vannamei and Penaeus japonicus) were found in similar range. The genome size of female shrimps ranged from 2.91 ± 0.03pg (P. monodon) to 2.14 ± 0.02pg (P. japonicus). In male shrimps, the genome size ranged from 2.86 ± 0.06pg (P. monodon) to 2.19 ± 0.02pg (P. indicus). Significant difference was observed in the genome size between male and female shrimp of all species except in P. monodon. The highest relative difference of 12.78% was observed in the genome size between the either sex in P. indicus. The interspecific relative difference of 30.59% in genome size was highest between the male shrimps of P. monodon and P. indicus and 35.98% between the female shrimps of P. monodon and P. japonicus. The stored gills and pleopod tissues could be successfully used up to 3 weeks to estimate the genome size in shrimps.

Efecto de dietas con ensilado biológico de residuos de molusco en el crecimiento del camarón Cryphiops caementarius y tilapia Oreochromis niloticus en co- cultivo intensivo

El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de dietas con ensilado biologico de residuos del molusco bivalvo en el crecimiento del camaron Cryphiops caementarius y tilapia Oreochromis niloticus en co-cultivo intensivo. Se emplearon 72 camarones machos (5,16 ± 0,37 cm de longitud total y 4,78 ± 1,13 g de peso humedo) y 48 alevines revertidos de tilapia (4,28 ± 0,31 cm de longitud total y 2,86 ± 0,45 g de peso humedo). Se emplearon tres dietas experimentales (25, 50 y 75% de ensilado) y una dieta control, con tres repeticiones. El ensilado se elaboro de visceras y mantos del molusco Argopecten purpuratus . El co-cultivo se realizo en 12 acuarios (55 L) implementados con seis recipientes de cultivo individual de camaron (32 camarones m -2 ), y la tilapia se sembro en el agua restante (22 tilapias m -2 ). El experimento duro 90 dias. El crecimiento del camaron fue similar entre tratamientos. El crecimiento de tilapia fue mayor con 25% y 50% de ensilado. El FCA fue bajo (1,5 a 1,7) en camaron y alto (1,9 a 2,1) en tilapia, hasta con 50% de ensilado. Dieta con 50% de ensilado es recomendado para machos de camaron, aunque para de tilapia se sugiere ensayar otra dieta.

Growth and survival of males of Cryphiops caementarius (Palaemonidae) with diets supplemented with common salt

The aim was to determine the growth and survival of males of the Cryphiops caementarius shrimp fed with diets supplemented with common salt. Three experimental diets supplemented with 1, 2 and 3% of common salt and a control diet without common salt were used, with three replicates, respectively. Twelve aquariums (55 L) were used and six individual culture containers (284 cm 2 ) installed in two groups of three levels were introduced into each one. In each culture, the container stocked a shrimp, and in total six shrimp per aquarium was randomly stocked. Seventy-two male shrimps (3.87 g in weight) were used. The experiment lasted 90 days. Results indicated that the diet supplemented with 2% of common salt favored the growth in weight of shrimp males, and it was only different ( P &lt; 0.05) with the diet with 3% common salt that caused slow growth in weight. Diets with common salt did not affect shrimp survival ( P &gt; 0.05).

Length-weight relationship and condition factor of white shrimp Penaeus merguiensis captured in ecosystem mangrove of Bagan Asahan, Tanjungbalai, Asahan, North Sumatra, Indonesia

White Shrimp Penaeus merguiensis was commonly found in Mangrove Ecosystem of Bagan Asahan Village. The purpose of this research are to determine length-weight relationship and condition factor of white shrimp Penaeus merguiensis around ecosystem mangrove waters in Bagan Asahan Village. This research was conducted for 3 month in Maret until Mei 2017 with determination of research station used purposive sampling method. The shrimp samples were taken by shrimp trawl. The result showed that 98 shrimp which consists of 58 males and 40 female. The carapace length of female shrimp between 6,05 – 22,125 mm and total weight ranged from 0,12 – 6,95 g. Male shrimp had carapace length between 7.125 – 18.25 mm and total weigth ranged from 0.14 – 3.82 g. Female and male white shrimp had different growth pattern. Female shrimp had b = 2.984 included in negaive allometric and male shrimps with b = 3.187 included in positive allometric. The value of correlation coefficients was more than 90% for both male and female showed very strong relation between length carapace and body weight. The value of shrimp condition factor ranged from 0.570 – 1.773 and included to flat (thin) body shrimp.

Stock Analysis of Metapenaeus affinis (H.Milne Edwards, 1837) on the North Coast of Central Java, Indonesia

This research aims at studying the length of first capture (Lc), length of sexual mature (Lm), and the stock analysis of Metapenaeus affinis in the North coast of Central Java, Indonesia. The field research activities were conducted from May 2016 to April 2017 using survey method and direct observations on the catch area of fishing units. The results showed that total length of the first capture for the male shrimp is 76,4 mm and 63 mm for females. The total length of first sexual mature is 116 mm. Y'/R result analysis on male shrimp shows 0,595 maximum exploitation rate (Emax), the rate of exploitation at E0,1 is 0,521 and the rate of exploitation at E0.5 is 0,352. While the female shrimp obtained is Emax = 0.637, E0.1 = 0.562 and E0.50 = 0,373. To increase the production and to preserve shrimp resources, it is ideal if Lc = Lm, i.e. at a total length of 116 mm. In conclusion, the increase in length of first captured will increase Y / R 'and B / R'

Population dynamics of exploited species west shrimps Parapenaeopsis coromandelica H.Milne. Edwards 1837 from the Teluk Penyu coastal waters, Indonesian ocean

Fishing pressure on west shrimps (Parapenaeus coromandelica) has increased recently and presumed to be overfished. The research aimed to study the growth, mortality and recruitment pattern of an exploited west shrimp P. coromandelica. The study was conducted in Teluk Penyu, the southern coastal waters of Java, Indonesia from September 2012 to August 2013. Parameters of growth and mortality were estimated by using carapace length frequency data. ELEFAN I software in the package FISAT II program was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the growth pattern of female and male shrimp were allometrical negative. Estimates of von Bertalanffy growth equation to the carapace length–frequency data gave the following results: L∞ = 65.1 mm, K = 1.18 year−1 and the time of zero length (to) = −0.028 years for female, and L∞ = 54.6 mm; K = 1.16 year−1 and the time of zero length (to) = −0.013 years for male. Total mortality (Z) of female shrimp was 3.87 year−1, the rate of natural mortality (M) was 1,77 year−1 and the fishing mortality (F) was 2.1 year−1. While total mortality of male shrimp was 4.23 year−1, natural mortality was 2.34 year−1, and fishing mortality was 1.88 year−1. The rate of exploitation (E) in female and male shrimps were 0.6 and 0.58 year−1, respectively. This indicated that the rate of exploitation of P. coromandelica have to exceed the maximum sustainable yield (E = 0.5). Time recruitment occurred between May and August, with peak recruitment in August.

Host-use pattern of the shrimp Periclimenes paivai on the scyphozoan jellyfish Lychnorhiza lucerna: probing for territoriality and inferring its mating system

In symbiotic crustaceans, host-use patterns vary broadly. Some species inhabit host individuals solitarily, other species live in heterosexual pairs, and even other species live in aggregations. This disparity in host-use patterns coupled with considerable differences in host ecology provide opportunities to explore how environmental conditions affect animal behavior. In this study, we explored whether or not symbiotic crustaceans inhabiting relatively large and structurally complex host species live in aggregations. We expected Periclimenes paivai, a small caridean shrimp that lives among the tentacles of the large and morphologically complex scyphozoan jellyfish Lychnorhiza lucerna, to live in groups given that the host traits above constraint host-monopolization behaviors by symbiotic crustaceans. We described the population distribution of P. paivai during a bloom of L. lucerna near the mouth of the Paraíba River estuary in Paraíba, Brazil. The population distribution of P. paivai did not differ statistically from a random Poisson distribution. Male shrimps were most often found dwelling on the surface of L. lucerna individuals as small groups (2–4 individuals), in agreement with expectations. Periclimenes paivai is a sexually dimorphic species with males attaining smaller average body sizes than females and exhibiting no elaborated weaponry (claws). Females, but not males, experience positive allometry in cheliped size and were found living solitarily in small but not large host individuals. The above suggest that females might be territorial or that they might be competing for resources (i.e., food) likely expected to impact their reproductive output. Our results agree, but only partially, with the idea that large and morphologically complex host species should harbor non-territorial gregarious symbiotic crustaceans. Symbiotic crustaceans represent excellent models to improve our understanding about the conditions driving the social behavior of marine organisms.

Salinity affects behavioral thermoregulation in a marine decapod crustacean

Thermoregulation in aquatic ectotherms is a complex behavioral pattern that is affected by various biotic and abiotic factors with one being salinity. Especially in coastal and estuarine habitats, altering levels of salinity involve osmoregulatory adjustments that affect total energy budgets and may influence behavioral responses towards temperature. To examine the effect of salinity on behavioral thermoregulation in a marine evertebrate ectotherm, we acclimated juvenile and sub-adult common brown shrimp (Crangon crangon, L.) to salinities of 10, 20 and 30PSU and investigated their thermal preference in an annular chamber system using the gravitational method for temperature preference determination. Thermal preference of individual brown shrimp was considerably variable and brown shrimp selected a wide range of temperatures in each level of salinity as well as within individual experimental trials. However, salinity significantly affected thermal preference with the shrimp selecting higher temperatures at 10 and 20PSU when compared to 30PSU of salinity. Body size had no effect on thermal selection and did not interact with salinity. Temperature preference differed by sex and male shrimp selected significantly higher temperatures at 10PSU when compared to females. The results show that salinity strongly affects thermal selection in brown shrimp and confirms the strong interrelation of temperature and salinity on seasonal migratory movements that has been previously derived from observations in the field. In the field, however, it remains unclear whether salinity drives thermal selection or whether changes in temperature modify salinity preference.

Reproductive performances of wild male tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon post-injection of oocyte developer without eyestalk ablation

&lt;p class="NoParagraphStyle"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ABSTRACT&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="NoParagraphStyle"&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="NoParagraphStyle"&gt;The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oodev on the gonadal maturation and characteristic of spermatophore and spermatozoa produced by the wild male black tiger shrimp against eyestalk ablation. The treatments were two doses of oodev injection at 0.5 (OD0.5) and 1 (OD1.0) mL/kg of body weight and a control was eyestalk ablation (AB). The male stock of tiger shrimp used was from wild with body weight ranged from 55‒85 g, stocked into three of 10 tonnages concrete tanks with density of 25 males/tank. Oodev injection was applied for two times with one week interval. Tiger shrimp of OD0.5 group produced the highest number of gonadal maturing which was 84% followed by AB (68%) and OD1.0 (64%). Oodev injection was able to shorten the time required for spermatophore maturation at maturation phase which happened simultaneously within 7 days post injection compared to that of ablated males. Positive correlation (R2=0.612) was detected between the shrimp weight and weight of spermatophore of the tiger shrimp while correlation between spermatophore weight and number of spermatozoa was relatively low (R2=0.415). Total fatty acid tented to be higher in males injected with oodev compared to ablated males. Concentration of arachidonic acid in the muscle of male stock in OD1.0 group was extremely low of 0.0037% of total lipid compared to AB (0.3190%) and OD0.5 (0.2806%). Oodev injection at the dose of 0.5 mL/kg of tiger shrimp could improve the number of males stock producing spermatophore compared to eyestalk ablation. Simultaneously matured-spermatophore of wild male tiger shrimp within short time could be achieved through oodev injection.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="NoParagraphStyle"&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="NoParagraphStyle"&gt;Keywords: oodev, spermatophore, reproduction, tiger shrimp&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="NoParagraphStyle"&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="NoParagraphStyle"&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="NoParagraphStyle"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ABSTRAK&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="NoParagraphStyle"&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="NoParagraphStyle"&gt;Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi efek hormon oodev terhadap pematangan gonad dan karakter spermatofor dan spermatozoa yang dihasilkan oleh induk udang windu jantan alam dibandingkan dengan teknik ablasi tangkai mata. Perlakuan yang dicobakan adalah dua dosis injeksi oodev yaitu 0,5 (OD0,5) dan 1 (OD1.0) mL/kg bobot tubuh dan kontrol yaitu ablasi tangkai mata. Induk udang windu jantan yang digunakan berasal dari alam berbobot antara 55‒85 g, ditebar dalam tiga bak pematangan gonad berkapasitas 10 ton dengan kepadatan 25 ekor/bak. Injeksi oodev dilakukan dua kali dengan interval satu minggu. Induk udang windu pada OD0,5 menghasilkan jumlah induk matang gonad tertinggi yaitu 84%, diikuti oleh AB (68%) dan OD1 (64%). Injeksi oodev mampu mempersingkat masa pematangan spermatofor pada fase maturasi dan pematangan tersebut terjadi secara simultan setelah 7 hari pascainjeksi dibandingkan dengan induk yang di ablasi. Korelasi positif (R2=0,612) dideteksi antara bobot tubuh dan bobot spermatofor induk udang windu, sedangkan korelasi antara bobot spermatofor dan jumlah spermatozoa relatif lemah (R2=0,415). Total asam lemak daging cenderung lebih besar pada induk udang windu jantan yang diinjeksi oodev dibandingkan yang diablasi. Konsentrasi arachidonic acid dalam daging induk yang diinjeksi OD1 sangat rendah sebesar 0,0037% dari lemak dibandingkan AB (0,3190%) dan OD0,5 (0,2806%). Injeksi oodev pada dosis 0,5 mL/kg udang windu dapat meningkatkan jumlah induk yang menghasilkan spermatofor dibandingkan ablasi tangkai mata. Pematangan gonad udang windu jantan alam secara simultan dan singkat dapat dilakukan melalui injeksi oodev. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="NoParagraphStyle"&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kata kunci: oodev, spermatofor, reproduksi, udang windu&lt;/p&gt;

Sexual dimorphism in the carapace shape and length of the freshwater palaemonid shrimp Macrobrachium potiuna (Müller, 1880) (Decapoda: Caridea: Palaemonidae): geometric and traditional morphometric approaches

Sexual dimorphism is characterized by morphological, physiological, or behavioral differences between males and females. The genus Macrobrachium is a diverse group of freshwater shrimps distributed throughout tropical and subtropical regions. They have a great intra- and interspecific morphological variation, with some species showing sexual dimorphism. We investigated the sexual dimorphism of the size and shape of the carapace and body weight of Macrobrachium potiuna (Müller, 1880) in three populations of the State of Paraná through traditional and geometric morphometric techniques. The populations were sampled from three rivers: the Pombas River, Coastal Basin, the Piraquara River, First Plateau, and the Guabiroba River, Second Plateau. Morphometric analyses indicated that male shrimps showed differences in carapace length and body weight: the higher the distance from the sea, the smaller and lighter the shrimps. Carapace shape also differed significantly between the sexes in all three populations, with males having a less robust carapace, but a more elongated rostrum than females. The morphological differences between the genders seem to reflect the reproductive roles of males and females in this environment.

Associations between the pink wormfish, Microdesmus longipinnis (Weymouth), and the ghost shrimp, Lepidophthalmus louisianensis (Schmitt), in artificial burrows

Microdesmus longipinnis (Weymouth) is a small estuarine teleost fish that is known to feed on the eggs of the callianassid shrimp, Lepidophthalmus louisianensis (Schmitt). In the course of collecting M. longipinnis for physiological studies we noticed that there seemed to be a higher preference towards burrows of non-gravid and male shrimp than one would expect if the driving force behind this relationship was exclusively egg predation. In an attempt to expand upon the understanding of the relationship between these two animals we tested the hypothesis that the fish are not seeking out burrows based solely on the presence of eggs but rather the presence of the shrimp. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that M. longipinnis positively associated with male L. louisianensis when compared to empty burrows supporting the idea of a more complex relationship that has previously been reported in the literature. Further study is needed to fully determine the nature of the relationship between M. longipinnis and L. louisianensis.

COMPARISON OF FATTY ACID PROFILES OF MALE AND FEMALE GIANT RED SHRIMPS (AristAeomorphA foliAceA RISSO, 1827) OBTAINED FROM MEDITERRANEAN SEA

This study was carried out to detect the concentration of fatty acid in female and male specimens of commercially important giant red shrimp (Aristaeomorpha foliacea) obtained from (including 20 male shrimps and also 20 female shrimp) Mediterranean Sea. In fatty acid composition, the saturated fatty acid fraction was dominant, followed by polyunsaturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid for both sexes. The analyses indicated that PUFAs, and the MUFAs content were higher in female shrimp than in those of males and they were statistically significant differences in fatty acid profile between females and males (p<0.05).

Kinetics of stress-induced trafficking of blood immune cells and alterations of viral shedding under the exposure of acute stressors in healthy human subjects

The stress of captivity could be the main reason for the loss of sperm quality of Litopenaeus setiferus (L) males in captivity. The aim of this study was focused on the physiological and immunological response of adult male shrimp exposed to a temperature extreme (33 °C) in order to understand how the stress modulates the physiological, immunological and reproductive behavior of L. setiferus males. We used some blood metabolic variables, sperm quality and immune response as indicators of stress measured daily during the 10-day experiment. The high temperature provoked loss of osmotic capacity (OC), a reduction in blood metabolites at day 5, a reduction in hemocyte pro Phenoloxidase (proPO) activity and a dramatic reduction in sperm quality in comparison to that observed in freshly captured wild shrimp populations. The ratio between proPO and granular cells (small granular and large granular cells) (proPO/GC) showed a cyclic behavior with lower peaks at days 3, 7 and 10 and high peaks at days 0, 5–6 and 8–9, evidencing migration and recovery of cells and proPO every 48–96 h, depending on the intensity of the stress. Such hemocyte migration was directed to the ampule and spermatophore where bacterial growth could be enhanced by abnormal and dead sperm cells. In such circumstances, a rapid mobilization of reserves could help to promote tissue regeneration in male testes and vas deferens. Such use of reserves could explain the reduction in blood metabolites observed at day 5 in present study. Although blood metabolites recovered after day 5, the loss of OC suggests that shrimp lose their osmotic homeostasis, possibly associated with the entrance of water due to inflammation of tissues provoked by melanization.