Male Shoppers Research Articles

Influences of Gender, Age and Income Differences on Consumers’ Purchase Items

This paper studies whether gender, age and income differences matter for in-store purchases of selected non-durable and durable consumer goods in the Southwest region of the State of Louisiana. Primary data are collected by face-to-face interviewing of randomly selected adult population within the age groups 15 years to 64 years, and above. Using the collected primary data for categorical variables, -tests are implemented for six separate null hypotheses of statistical independence between/among variables of interest. The results reveal that only gender difference matters the most for in-store purchases of both non-durable and durable goods in the region. Age and income differences to have no significant influences on such purchases. As the findings suggest, the regional in-store retailers should focus more on female shoppers to promote sales of non-durable goods. At the same time, they should focus more on male shoppers for promotion of sales of durable goods in the region. Due cautions are in order for any kind of generalization of the findings of this study, given the extreme regional characteristics of the primary data. Key Words: Retail Sales, In-Store, Non-Durable Goods, Durable Goods, Shoppers, Age, Gender, Income JEL Classifications: D10, D11, D12

Circular economy of shopping bags in emerging markets: A demographic comparative analysis of propensity to reuse plastic bags versus cotton bags and paper bags

This study seeks to profile the shoppers’ propensity to reuse shopping bags and the type of shopping bags they reuse on the basis of demographics. The study used an observation method to record the consumers’ shopping habits and a short questionnaire to record the participants’ demographics. A binary regression analysis and a multinomial regression analysis were used to analyse data. The results indicated that the mature aged, women, and low income shoppers were more likely to practice reuse of plastic shopping bags than their respective counterparts. There were no statistically significant differences in the likelihood of young aged shoppers compared to mature aged shoppers and low income shoppers compared to high income shoppers using cotton bags than plastic bags. There were also no statistically significant differences in the likelihood of young aged shoppers compared to mature aged shoppers and male shoppers compared to female shoppers using paper bags than plastic bags. However, the results indicated a statically significant result in how males compared to females differed in their using of cotton bags than plastic bags and a statistically significant result in how low income shoppers compared to high income shoppers differed in their use of paper bags than plastic bags.

Identity and the Availability of Emergency Contraception from Pharmacies in Istanbul

Emergency contraception (EC) has been and remains available in Turkey without prescription since 2002. This study attempted to determine the availability of emergency contraception from pharmacies in Istanbul, Turkey and whether the identity of the purchaser had any impact on availability. More specifically, we sought to understand if young women feel shamed or denied access to EC. This study employed a mystery patient/shopper approach where mystery patients attempted to purchase emergency contraception from a random sample of 352 pharmacies in Istanbul. Mystery shoppers, ages 18-22, were trained and provided a standard scenario and identity. The identities included: conservative/ religious female; secular/modern female; and male. After each pharmacy visit, the mystery patients recorded the details of their attempts to purchase EC. In 95.4% of visits mystery shoppers were able to purchase EC. Despite the availability of several types of EC, little choice was given to shoppers. Male mystery shoppers were given more choice of EC than their female counterparts and were more often able to purchase the less expensive form of EC. In the majority of transactions, pharmacists offered no medical instructions or recommendations. EC is widely available from pharmacies in Istanbul but lack of choice and information from pharmacists result in a less than ideal health care experience.

Assessment of Consumer Participation and Behaviour towards the “No Plastic Bag Campaign” in Kuala Lumpur

This study assessed the consumer’s participation and behavior in the plastic bag campaign in the country. Participant observation and assessment were conducted among 396 shoppers at 3 different stores (i.e. hypermarket, supermarket, and convenience store) around Kuala Lumpur. Half of the shoppers in this study were observed purchased plastic bags (52%, n = 206) while shopping. They are mainly the supermarket (66.7%) and hypermarket visitors (54.5%). Meanwhile, 48% (n = 190) of shoppers did not purchase plastic bags and mainly the visitors of the convenience store (52.3%). Most of the male shoppers purchase plastic bags while shopping (55.2%, 96 out of 174). Only 49.5% of female shoppers (n = 110) purchase plastic bags. This study also highlights 63.9% of the consumers who shopped in a group usually pay for plastic bags. High participation was observed among visitors of the convenience store (N = 86, 65.2%) and those who shopped alone (N = 151, 52.4%). There is a significant association between shoppers' participation in the “no plastic bag campaign” with the type of retailers (X²=38.075, p=<0.001) and shopped alone (X²=0.177, p=<0.001). Participation in the campaign was not associated with gender, ethnicity, time, and week of shopping. In conclusion, the observation of consumer behaviors and participation in the plastic bag campaign was considered as low and need for further encouragement.

Complaining Strategies Used by Indonesian Online Shoppers: A Pragmatics Study

This study is aimed at describing the complaint strategies used by Indonesian male and female online shoppers towards fashion products found in comment sections in the Shopee shopping application. This study is qualitative research. The data are complaint utterances used by male and female online shoppers found in the comment section of fashion products in the Shopee shopping application. The data sources are the comment from the male and female online shoppers posted from August to September 2021. In collecting the data, the researcher used documentation and observation methods. The technique used by the researcher in analyzing data is the distributional technique. The data are analyzed by using the theory of Trosborg (1995). The result of the research revealed that there are 6 complaint strategies used by male online shoppers and 5 complaint strategies used by female online shoppers.

The Nature, Prospect and Challenges of e-commerce:

Recent studies have suggested that e-commerce has opened up a window of opportunities for the national economy of Bangladesh with minimum capital investment by digitalizing the information. Thereby, it is important to unravel the ontology of e-commerce for deepening the understanding of this digital revolution. To serve this purpose the study has conducted a small-scale survey on 29 females and 21 males, ranging in age from 16 to more than 55, who are all online shoppers both in the form of buyers and sellers. To supplement data to the survey, 10 in-depth interviews, five sellers and five buyers, are also taken. The study finds that e-commerce is gradually getting popular among the growing young generation of 24-34 age groups. Almost 100% of female shoppers prefer clothing, personal products to buy while male shoppers prefer electronic goods more. E-commerce creates a substitute marketing channel by terminating the manipulative role of middleman. Moreover, it serves as an empowering tool for women entrepreneurs. On the contrary, a few shoppers perceive e-commerce negatively for de-socializing people and creating false needs among young generation. In addition, a lot of virtual risks are explored associated with online business. Despite having these risks, e-commerce has made people’s life easier and thereby people should welcome the positive sides to underwrite the gradual development of e-commerce for keeping pace with this fast-moving world.

The Effect Of Perceived Benefits In Formatting Male Online Shoppers’ Attitude

This study addresses (1) whether the convenience is the multidimensional construct in perceived benefits. (2) whether the price is the multidimensional construct in perceived benefits. (3) whether the product variety is the multidimensional construct in perceived benefits. (4) whether the perceived benefit influence to the attitude towards online shopping. (5) whether the attitude towards online shopping influence on the online purchase intention. The data used in this study is collected from total of 240 respondents who are male and users of 10 most widely used e-commerce in Indonesia. The study reveals that perceived benefits are a multidimensional construct that is reflection in three dimensions, namely convenience, price, and variety product. Second, perceived benefits have a positive relationship to attitudes toward online shopping among men. Third, attitude toward online shopping have a positive relationship to online purchase intention. E-commerce companies' perceived benefits can have a positive influence on consumer's online attitudes.

Male Consumers and their Decision Making Styles- A Critical Literature Review

This paper intends to explore how male consumers make their buying decision-making. It encapsulates a review of past researches that have been undertaken over so many years in this field. It connotes an answer that male shoppers are more utilitarian, instrumental shoppers looking for functional benefits of products. Though past researches somehow project male consumers to be less involved in shopping, less recreational, less information-seeking and less impulsive, yet they are reported to be highly time-energy conserving, brand conscious and also quality seekers. There are mixed findings regarding the decision-making styles of novelty fashion consciousness, confusion due to over choice, brand loyalty and value for money consciousness. This study is an important piece of information for retailers who face dilemma about the choice of strategy to be adopted while targeting male shoppers in the complex retailing scenario.

Target Market Solutions in South African Online Businesses: The Generational Effect

ABSTRACT Questions arise whether demographic, socio-economic and motivational criteria based on, inter alia, gender, income, education as well as generational cohort alignment can assist online businesses in making optimal target market decisions. Are there alternative target markets in the growing online community? Quantitative research with 111 respondents telephonically interviewed in the Gauteng province of South Africa provided the data. Two generational cohorts of consumers were identified that are buying online, namely the generation X&Y cluster and the Baby Boomers cluster. Generation X&Y is the larger group but has lower income levels. Both groups are well-educated with more male shoppers going online. Online businesses should acknowledge the emergence of the Baby Boomers as a viable force in online shopping as they have sufficient disposable income. They are the leading buyers of books, travel tickets and even electronic equipment and computers. Only in the apparel category is Generation X & Y the leading online buyers. Online retailers should keep track of generational online buying behavior as this is a dynamic environment where online businesses could easily misjudge their target market.

Mobile customers' experience and loyalty: a study of tablet gender divergence in Finland

Customer loyalty consists of many variables that make it work, especially in a retailing context. This study presents the differences between the ways male and female online shoppers use tablets for online shopping. This divergence provides an insight into the customer online shopping experience and their loyalty through the aid of a tablet device. A quantitative methodological approach was employed in the study with a structural equation modelling technique to ascertain the relationships that exist between the constructs. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software was employed to conduct a reliability and multicollinearity test. The study reveals tablet commerce gender divergence and the importance of cultural, technological and psychological factors in building a smart customer experience that can ramp up positive attitudes amongst tablet users and build loyalty in online shopping. The study discusses the implications and highlights the limitations of the study.

Country of Origin Image and Brand Equity from Gender Perspective: Do they matter?

This study investigated how country of origin image and brand equity dimensions affect overall brand equity. In addition, this study also investigated whether there is gender difference in the hypothesized relationship. A partial least square structural equation modeling with multigroup analysis was carried out on a sample of 171 respondents selected using purposive/convenience sampling technique. The result indicates that country of origin have indirect effect toward brand equity through two dimensions of brand equity (perceived quality and brand loyalty). This study also found that country of origin image’s association with brand awareness/association is stronger for female shoppers than for male shoppers. This study adds more insights about how male and female consumers reacto country of origin image

Generational and family structural differences in male attitudes and orientations towards shopping

New evidence suggests Millennial men are assuming the role for household shopping at a growing pace. This study employs the generational cohort theory to examine differences among male shoppers. Specifically, exploring the variables of family structure and social class relative to male enjoyment of their shopping experience through an online questionnaire. ANOVA and logistic regression were used to analyze the data of 443 respondents. The results show significant differences in the impact of family structures across generations. Present social class and the social class during ones upbringing lead to key differences in Millennials in terms of entertainment facilities and willingness to wait on purchases.

Grocery shopping, a one man job? Understanding the single shopper

Purpose Single males and females are an under-studied segment of grocery shoppers. This study aims to compare the shopping habits of single males with single females and couples. Design/methodology/approach Structural equation modeling is used to analyze purchase history data for testing the effect of household type on shopping trip metrics and budget allocation to product categories. Findings Although single male shoppers differ on some trip metrics from females, differences are more pronounced between single shoppers, male or female, and couples. The study also confirms the mediating effect of trip metrics on the relationship between demographics and allocation of budget to grocery product categories. Originality/value The study contributes to the literature by identifying the differences and similarities between shopping behaviors of single males, single females and couples, developing an understanding of their budget allocation decisions to different product categories and testing and confirming that trip characteristics mediate the relationship between demographics and budget allocated to grocery products.

A Study on Perceived Risk &amp; Trust in Online Shopping a Comparative Study Among Various Demographic Groups

The online shopping is in very nascent stage in India. In western countries as well as in China it is older than in India. The online shopping is very meagre in size (around 2 percent) as compared to organised retailing (which is at around 8 percent) and the traditional retailing (around 90 percent). What could be the reasons of less penetration of online retailing? As per the review of literature one of the main reasons is perceived risk towards online retailing among the online shoppers in India. Does all the age groups of online shoppers are equally affected by the perceived risks regarding shopping online? If we see another scenario although online shopping is very new to India but since beginning it has reached up to two percent in very less time if we compare it with organised offline retailing. The CAGR of online retailing is around 40 percent as compared to its offline retailing which is around twenty percent. So it is catching very fast. What could be the reasons? As per the review of literature one of the main reasons is trust of the shoppers in online retailing. The online vendors were successfully established their brands in the minds of the online shoppers. The question arises does males and females equally having the trust in online shopping? In current paper the researchers studied perceived risks as well as trusts of the respondents of Pune city in online shopping. The respondents are youth having the age between 18-35 years. The privacy risk, which is one element of perceived risk, has been tested among the three different age groups of the respondents tested through one way anova (analysis of variance) and the result shows that there is a significant difference of privacy risk among all the three respondents group of Pune shoppers. The five elements of trust, found as per review of literature, have been tested among the independent samples of males and females through independent sample t-test. The result shows that there is no difference of trust between the male and female shoppers of Pune.

Luxury Retail Environments And Changing Masculine Sociocultural Norms

This article explores how luxury brands communicate with male shoppers through their retail environments in the context of changing sociocultural definitions of masculinity. While Bain and Company (2012) speak of the ‘masculinization of the luxury market’, consumer research has paid little attention to men and masculinity (Otnes and Tuncay-Zayer, 2012). Most previous studies have tackled male representations in advertising and the tensions felt by male shoppers. This article extends this limited body of knowledge to retailing issues. It compares masculine archetypes with the discursive strategies used by retailers to target new male consumers. Using a semiotic square analysis the author reveals five masculine archetypes emphasized by luxury brands in their retail environments and discusses their implications. The findings show that most brands rely on traditional utilitarian representations of masculinity in stores, missing opportunities to renew their communication to take advantage of changing masculine values.

A Study on Trust in Online Shopping in Pune: A Comparative Study between Male and Female Shoppers

Online shopping is very new to India, but is catching up very fast in recent days. In less than 5 years it has reached to around 2 percent of the total retail. The growth rate is more than double as compared to the organized retailing India. What could be the reasons? As per the review of literature one of the main reasons is trust of the shoppers in e-retailing. The online vendors have successfully established their brands in the minds of the online shoppers. The question arise does males and females equally having the trust in online shopping, especially in Pune city? In the current paper, the researchers tried to find out the answer to the above question. Independent samples of males and females have been tested through independent sample t-test. 205 is the sample size. Two components of trust- Integrity and Benevolence (intention/willingness) have been taken into account for the current study. It has been found that there is no difference of trust between the male and female shoppers of Pune.

Modelling of Male Shoppers Behavior in Shopping Orientation Context

The majority of researchers devote their attention to male shoppers’ typologies which are usually related to shopping orientation. However none of the frameworks developed until now was devoted to revealing relations between shopping orientation and male shopping behavior, some research findings were related to the analysis of differences in male and female behavior. That led to the main aim of this paper- to reveal the possibilities to model male shopping behavior in terms of shopping orientation and to justify the presumptions for formation of such frameworks and their structure. Based on comparable and systematic research results, the framework that enables cognition of how shopping orientation is expressed in male shopping behavior was designed.

Why male and female shoppers do not see mall loyalty through the same lens? The mediating role of self-congruity

What factors drive mall loyalty of male and female shoppers? A literature-based model was tested in two North American shopping malls (regular and upscale) with 905 shoppers (476 women and 429 men). The findings reveal that atmosphere affects mall loyalty and shoppers' identification with the mall. In the case of male shoppers, the drivers of mall loyalty are mall atmosphere, prices, and identification with the mall. With female shoppers, the drivers are mall's atmosphere, its physical design, and the perceived quality of products and services. The findings should guide managers in the allocation of resources to enhance mall image and attract more male shoppers.

The Differences in the Uses of Intensive Information Search and In-store Information between Female and Male Shoppers in South Africa

The uses of intensive information search and in-store information between male and female shoppers are not well understood and have rarely been addressed globally. The study establishes a base level of understanding of the operational core values of the uses of intensive information search and in-store information between male and female shoppers in a developing country. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires in a survey. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings show that product awareness, as one of the fundamental dimensions of brand equity, is a prerequisite for the market success of both, durables and non-durable brands. The field survey confirmed some of the differences to include non-durability of tangible products; there is a stronger limitation to brand choice share growth as brand unaided awareness grows, in comparison to the case of durable goods. The findings also identified the search for solutions to the differences faced by business owners and consumers by providing an insight for further research regarding the institutional weaknesses and policy issues in this part of the world. The implications of the findings are that unless the limitations named above are resolved, businesses in the developing nations will continue to experience poor economic growth and display inferior competitiveness. Recommendations to overcome these differences are suggested.

The Differences in the Uses of Intensive Information Search and In-store Information between Female and Male Shoppers in South Africa

The uses of intensive information search and in-store information between male and female shoppers are not well understood and have rarely been addressed globally. The study establishes a base level of understanding of the operational core values of the uses of intensive information search and in-store information between male and female shoppers in a developing country. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires in a survey. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings show that product awareness, as one of the fundamental dimensions of brand equity, is a prerequisite for the market success of both, durables and non-durable brands. The field survey confirmed some of the differences to include non-durability of tangible products; there is a stronger limitation to brand choice share growth as brand unaided awareness grows, in comparison to the case of durable goods. The findings also identified the search for solutions to the differences faced by business owners and consumers by providing an insight for further research regarding the institutional weaknesses and policy issues in this part of the world. The implications of the findings are that unless the limitations named above are resolved, businesses in the developing nations will continue to experience poor economic growth and display inferior competitiveness. Recommendations to overcome these differences are suggested.