Male Residents Research Articles

Aneignung hausärztlicher Rollen während des ambulanten Weiterbildungsabschnitts und professionsbildende Bedingungen in den Weiterbildungspraxen – Eine Befragung rheinland-pfälzischer Ärztinnen und Ärzte in der Weiterbildung Allgemeinmedizin

BackgroundPostgraduate training in general medicine should be oriented on competencies and profession-forming, as is suggested by the German Regulations on Specialist Training of federal and state governments and the Competence-based Curriculum General Medicine. The learnability of general practitioner (GP) roles and the profession-forming orientation of the postgraduate training conditions during the outpatient postgraduate training period were investigated. MethodsA cross-sectional study in questionnaire design was conducted from October until December 2019 among 220 physicians in postgraduate training who were registered at the Association of Statutory Health Insurance-Accredited Physicians in Rhineland-Palatinate for the specialty of general medicine. The GP roles surveyed were based on the “CanMEDS General Medicine” roles. Using indicators created from the didactic model “Cognitive Apprenticeship”, profession-forming alignment of postgraduate training conditions in the GP practices were studied. The data obtained were analysed descriptively. ResultsThe response of 70 evaluable questionnaires included a gender distribution of 51 female and 18 male family medicine residents. The family medicine residents were almost equally divided between single-handed practices, cooperating practice associations and group practices. Slightly more than half of the female physicians worked part-time, whereas the male physicians were all full-time employees.The roles of “member of an interprofessional team”, “health advocate” and “medical expert” were perceived as learnable by 70 to 90% of the family medicine residents. In addition to approval, varying degrees of indecision and rejection were expressed regarding the learnability of the roles of “teacher/scholar”, “member of a network” and “employer”. A slight majority considered the appropriation of the role of “practice manager” to be critical.Within the survey of profession-forming postgraduate training conditions, the indicators “accessible contact person”, “collegial appreciation” and “assumption of responsibility” were approved by more than 90% in some cases. The indicators “access to GP acting” (approx. 86%) and “resilience” (approx. 71%) also received high approval ratings. However, the indicator “continuous feedback” only received a slight majority of approval. DiscussionGP postgraduate training practices in Rhineland-Palatinate apparently offer suitable educational locations to family medicine residents to acquire a solid basis for professional practising and the skills for patient-oriented communicating of preventive health-promoting contents. Male physicians seem to follow more traditional professional hierarchies. In contrast, female physicians are more receptive to teamwork but tend to be sceptical about adopting a leadership position. The learnability of particular GP roles may benefit from close collaboration with the practice owner, especially in single-handed practices. In addition, the working time model chosen seems to have an effect. ConclusionsIt can be assumed that profession-forming postgraduate training conditions predominate in Rhineland-Palatinate GP postgraduate training practices, where the role of “medical expert” also appeared to be learnable in most cases. In some cases the learnability of GP roles was significantly influenced by the factors “gender”, “working time model” and “form of practice”. Consequently, it could have a quality-enhancing impact if these factors were taken into account in the development of measures to realize competence orientation in GP postgraduate training.

The Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Pain (MSP) Among Orthopedic Surgeons and Residents in Saudi Arabia's Eastern Area.

Orthopedic surgery is a tiring specialty both physically and mentally. Surgeons tend to hold strenuous postures for long periods of time. Orthopedic surgery residents are affected just as much as their seniors by the difficult ergonomics. More care should be aimed toward healthcare professionals to improve patient outcomes and decrease the burden on our surgeons. The goal of this study is to pinpoint the areas of musculoskeletal pain among orthopedic surgery physicians and residents and its prevalence in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Eastern region of Saudi Arabia. A simple random selection of 103 male and female orthopedic surgery residents from Saudi Commission for Health Specialties accredited hospitals was enrolled in the study. Residents enrolled from the firstto fifthyear. Data were collected using a self-administered online questionnaire based on the musculoskeletal Nordic questionnaire activated in 2022-2023. Out of 103, a total of 83 completed the survey. The majority (49.9%) were junior residents from residency year (R) 1-R3 and exactly 52 (62.7%) residents were males. The majority of the participants, which were 35 physicians (55.6%), perfume less than six operations as average operations per week, and duration stay in the operating room (OR) per operation there were 29 physicians (46%) stay in the OR for 3-6 h. The most reported sites of pain included lower back pain (46%), followed by neck pain (39.7%) and then upper back pain (30.2%). About 27% of the participants had the pain for more than 6 months, however, only 7 (11.1%) residents seek for medical help. Considering the associated factors with MSP, smoking, and residency year were significantly associated with having musculoskeletal pain (MSP). The presence of MSK pain among R1 residents represents 89.5%, in comparison with R2 residents Who reported 63.6% and 66.7% among R5 residents. This finding indicates a decrease in MSP among residents over the 5 years of residency programs. Additionally, the majority of the participants with MSP reported being smokers 24 (88.9%), controversy, only three of the participants represent (11.1%) without MSP and smokers. Musculoskeletal pain is a serious issue that needs to be addressed. The results indicate that the most reported areas of MSP were the low back, neck, and upper back.Only a minority of the participantswent to seek medical help. Residents from R1 experienced more MSP than their seniors and this could indicate an adaptive behavior from senior staff. More research should be done on the topic of MSP in order to promote health among caregivers across the kingdom.

Risk factors for pulmonary mucormycosis in subjects with diabetes mellitus-A case-control study.

Factors associated with pulmonary mucormycosis (PM) among subjects with diabetes mellitus (DM) remain unclear. Following the coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-associated mucormycosis outbreak in India, specific environmental exposures (especially cattle dung exposure) were proposed as possible aetiology. We hypothesized that environmental factors are associated with PM. We compared subjects with DM with (cases) and without PM (controls). In this case-control study, for each PM case, we included five unmatched diabetic controls (hospital [n = 2], community [n = 3]) without PM. We collected information on demography, COVID-19 infection, glycated haemoglobin% (HbA1c), the type of house (pucca vs. kutcha) where the participants reside, and other environmental factors. The primary exposure tested was cattle dung exposure (CDE; using cattle dung cakes as fuel or cattle handling). We performed a multivariate logistic regression to explore factors associated with PM and report the association as an adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We enrolled 39 PM cases and 199 controls (hospital [n = 80], community [n = 119]). CDE (OR 0.68, 95% CI [0.14-3.31]; p = 0.63) was not associated with increased PM in DM. We found male sex (OR 4.07, 95% CI [1.16-14.31]), higher HbA1c (OR 1.51, 95% CI [1.18-16.32]), COVID-19 (OR 28.25, 95% CI [7.02-113.6]) and residence at kutcha house (OR 4.84, 95% CI [1.33-17.52]) associated with PM. Cattle dung exposure was not associated with PM in subjects with DM. Instead, male sex, poor glycaemic control, COVID-19 and the type of housing were associated with pulmonary mucormycosis.

The degree of satisfaction and level of learning in male and female surgical residents: a nationwide questionnaire survey of graduating residents in Japan.

Since 2002, the Japan Surgical Society has established a board certification system for surgeons to be certified for a specialty. Surgery remains a male-dominated field in Japan. This study aimed to clarify if the Japanese surgical residency training system is equally suitable for female and male residents. The Japan Surgical Society conducted the first questionnaire survey regarding the system of surgical training for the residents in 2016. The questionnaire included the degree of satisfaction with 7 aspects of the training system, including the number and variety of cases experienced and duration and quality of instruction, and the learning level for 31 procedures. The degree of satisfaction and level of learning were compared between female and male residents. The degree of satisfaction was similar for all items between female and male residents. Female residents chose breast surgery as their subspecialty more frequently than male residents and were more confident in breast surgery procedures than male residents. Conversely, fewer female residents chose gastrointestinal surgery and were less confident in gastrointestinal surgery procedures than male residents. Female residents were as satisfied with the current surgical training system as male residents. However, there may be room for improvement in the surgical system, considering that fewer applications for gastrointestinal surgery come from female residents than from males.

Attitudes about Infertility among Male and Female Saudi Medical Students

Gender biases impact doctors’ advising on infertility, thereby shaping treatment recommendations and patient health outcomes. This study explored the roles attributed to gender in the personal opinions of male and female medical residents in Saudi Arabia. This study used content and Appraisal analyses to explore attitudes realised by 85 female and 81 male Saudi medical interns about infertility. Content contained six themes, including infertility, psychology, children, marriage, divorce and religion. Both male and female participants understood women as the cause of and person responsible for dealing with infertility. Males focused on medical treatments, females on folk medicines. Female appraisals were mainly negative, male appraisals mainly positive. Strong co-frequencies were found for females between divorce and misery, and folk medicine and capacity, and for males between medical treatments and capacity, and children as emotionally fulfilling to women and normality. Both groups understood infertility primarily as a social and religious more than a medical issue. Gender biases, and contradictions in attributed gender roles were evident in how both groups discussed infertility. International institutions teaching healthcare communication must emphasise awareness of how gender stereotyping and cultural factors impact infertility advising and treatment.

Addressing the Gender Gap in Residency Clinical Awards Using a Structured Blinded Selection Process (P6-2.002)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To determine the effect of changing the criteria from faculty vote to a blinded clinical case report on reducing bias in a neurology resident award. <h3>Background:</h3> Women are under-represented in the field of Neurology, especially at the leadership level. Awards can play an important role in career advancement. In the absence of a well-designed process for identifying award winners, there is a risk that the demographics of awardees will reflect those of voters. We hypothesized that a blinded merit-based approach for a junior neurology resident award could reduce bias and result a more balanced gender-profile for awardees. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> In our program, an annual named award is given to PGY-2 residents who exemplify clinical excellence. From 2003–2018 this award was determined by votes from clinical faculty. In 2019 the award changed to a submitted case report that was independently reviewed by 5 faculty, using a structured scoring rubric. Committee members were blinded to the identity of the submitting resident. We compiled gender data for clinical faculty, residents, and award recipients from 2003 to 2022 and compared recipient gender profiles before and after the change. <h3>Results:</h3> From 2003–2018, 12/16 (75%) of award winners were male, more closely reflecting the gender distribution of voting faculty (77.9% male) than resident demographics (55.3% male). After the change in selection criteria, 0/8 winners were male (p&lt;0.001). The proportion of male residents was significantly lower in 2019–22 (37.5% vs 55.3%, p=0.02), which could partially account for the decrease in male award winners. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Despite relatively small changes in the gender balance of faculty and residents there was a significant change in the gender balance of award winners when the process became blinded. Moving forward, utilizing a blinded process and more transparent selection criteria could lead to an increase in diversity of award winners in neurology residency programs. <b>Disclosure:</b> Dr. Lambert has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cooper has nothing to disclose. An immediate family member of Dr. Narula has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for abbot vascular. The institution of an immediate family member of Dr. Narula has received research support from Abbot Vascular Inc.. The institution of an immediate family member of Dr. Narula has received research support from US Food and Drug Administration . The institution of an immediate family member of Dr. Narula has received research support from Women’s Health Research at Yale. Dr. Moeller has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care.

Associations between care home residents’ characteristics and acute hospital admissions – a retrospective, register-based cross-sectional study

BackgroundCare home residents are frail, multi-morbid, and have an increased risk of experiencing acute hospitalisations and adverse events. This study contributes to the discussion on preventing acute admissions from care homes. We aim to describe the residents’ health characteristics, survival after care home admission, contacts with the secondary health care system, patterns of admissions, and factors associated with acute hospital admissions.MethodData on all care home residents aged 65 + years living in Southern Jutland in 2018–2019 (n = 2601) was enriched with data from highly valid Danish national health registries to obtain information on characteristics and hospitalisations. Characteristics of care home residents were assessed by sex and age group. Factors associated with acute admissions were analysed using Cox Regression.ResultsMost care home residents were women (65.6%). Male residents were younger at the time of care home admission (mean 80.6 vs. 83.7 years), had a higher prevalence of morbidities, and shorter survival after care home admission. The 1-year survival was 60.8% and 72.3% for males and females, respectively. Median survival was 17.9 months and 25.9 months for males and females, respectively. The mean rate of acute hospitalisations was 0.56 per resident-year. One in four (24.4%) care home residents were discharged from the hospital within 24 h. The same proportion was readmitted within 30 days of discharge (24.6%). Admission-related mortality was 10.9% in-hospital and 13.0% 30 days post-discharge. Male sex was associated with acute hospital admissions, as was a medical history of various cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and osteoporosis. In contrast, a medical history of dementia was associated with fewer acute admissions.ConclusionThis study highlights some of the major characteristics of care home residents and their acute hospitalisations and contributes to the ongoing discussion on improving or preventing acute admissions from care homes.Trial registrationNot relevant.

The Revolving Door of Residency: Predictors of Residency Attrition for Urology Matriculants Between 2001 and 2016

To add to the literature which has reported higher attrition rates amongst General Surgery residents who identify as female or underrepresented in medicine (URM), we aimed to determine how these factors contribute to attrition within Urology. We hypothesized that women and URM Urology residents will similarly have higher attrition rates. The Association of American Medical Colleges surveyed residents to obtain matriculation and attrition status from 2001-2016. Data included demographics, medical school type, and specialty. A multivariable logistic regression model was performed to identify predictors of attrition amongst Urology residents. In our sample of 4,321 Urology residents, 22.5% were female, 9.9% were URM, 25.8% were older than 30 years, 2.5% were DO graduates and 4.7% were International Medical Graduates. On multivariable analysis, being female (OR = 2.3, p < 0.001) was associated with increased residency attrition when compared to male residents. Additionally, residents who matriculated between 30-39 years old (OR = 1.9, p < 0.001) or ≥40 years old (OR = 10.7, p < 0.001) had an increased risk of residency attrition when compared to residents who matriculated between 26-29 years old. Attrition rates for URM trainees has recently increased. Women, older, and URM Urology residents experience higher rates of attrition compared to their peers. It is essential to identify trainees with higher likelihoods of attrition to determine system-level changes to combat departures from training programs. Our study highlights the need to foster more inclusive training environments and change institutional cultures to diversify the surgical workforce.

Opportunities to inform German residents about the possibility of skin cancer screening and to inform stakeholders to take appropriate actions: A qualitative approach.

The national skin cancer screening (SCS) was introduced in Germany in 2008. However, public awareness and participation rates remain low. There are no campaigns or target group-specific invitation strategies for SCS yet. Thus, our aim was to derive potential suggestions on how to best inform German residents about the possibility of SCS. Semi-structured, individual interviews with male and female German residents aged ≥35 years were conducted in Erlangen (Germany) to explore opportunities on raising awareness of SCS. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Overall, 39 persons were interviewed. About 79.5% (31/39) had already undergone at least one SCS. Numerous opportunities to raise awareness of the possibility of SCS were suggested which were categorized into three main topics: the role of public promotion, health-related caregivers, and health insurance. Similar themes were identified for inviting entitled persons to undergo SCS after 2 years. Furthermore, age-dependent communication approaches were proposed, that is, younger persons should be approached electronically, while the older generation should be targeted with traditional media like mail. The results of this project will inform stakeholders to take appropriate actions. The findings may contribute to increase participation rates in SCS and thus lead to earlier detection of skin cancer.

Health risk assessment of trace elements in the Tonle Sap Great Lake and the Tonle Sap River in Cambodia during the rainy season.

To investigate the potential health risk of trace elements in the Tonle Sap Great Lake system, lake (n = 37) and river (n = 14) water samples were collected and analyzed for 19 trace elements (Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Tl, U and Zn) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. As a result, Cd was not detected in any river and lake water samples. Al, Fe and Mn in lake water exceeded the regulation limits of Cambodia, USEPA and WHO. Health risk assessment using the USEPA model indicated that male and female Cambodian residents are at minimal risk of non-carcinogenic effects from single and mixed trace elements through lake and river water consumption. Nevertheless, As, Tl, Co, Ba, Mn and Cr might pose high potential health risks to consumers which requires more attention. Therefore, regular monitoring and further studies are required to investigate the pollution trends and toxic behavior of these trace elements in the Tonle Sap Great Lake system.

PD30-09 TRENDS IN FEMALE AUTHORSHIP AMONG UROLOGY RESIDENTS: IS THE GENDER GAP CLOSING?

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023PD30-09 TRENDS IN FEMALE AUTHORSHIP AMONG UROLOGY RESIDENTS: IS THE GENDER GAP CLOSING? Melody Ong, Joshua Ballway, Emily Kokush, John Fastenau, George Mina, Madeleine Andreas, Rose Maisner, Mohit Khera, and Hossein Sadeghi-Nejad Melody OngMelody Ong More articles by this author , Joshua BallwayJoshua Ballway More articles by this author , Emily KokushEmily Kokush More articles by this author , John FastenauJohn Fastenau More articles by this author , George MinaGeorge Mina More articles by this author , Madeleine AndreasMadeleine Andreas More articles by this author , Rose MaisnerRose Maisner More articles by this author , Mohit KheraMohit Khera More articles by this author , and Hossein Sadeghi-NejadHossein Sadeghi-Nejad More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003316.09AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Gender disparities have been demonstrated among women in academia. Women face barriers to acquiring mentorship, publishing, and obtaining academic promotions. Urology, a historically male-dominated field, has seen a steady rise in female representation in recent years. With the proportion of females matching to urology increasing each year, this study aims to examine the current trends in academic productivity of urology residents based on gender. METHODS: Urology residents in the top 50 Doximity reputation ranking residency programs in 2021-2022 were identified through program websites and Twitter accounts. Publications during residency were recorded from July 1 of PGY1 year to December 2021 using PubMed and Scopus. Demographic data including training year, geographic location, program size, program length, and medical school affiliation were collected. Research productivity was measured by number and type of publications, authorship position, H-index, and journal impact factor. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to perform statistical analyses. RESULTS: 801 residents from 46 urology programs were identified. Females accounted for 31% of the residents, while 69% were males. There were no significant differences in distribution between female and male residents for year of training, program geographic region, average number of residents per year, program length, program with mandatory research year, resident graduation from a top 50 research medical school, and program affiliation with a top 20 research medical school. Overall, the median (interquartile range) number of publications was higher in male than female residents [2(0-5) vs. 1(0-3), p=0.001]. Similarly, the h-index for males was higher overall [2(1-4), vs. 1(1-3), p=0.002]. However, when residents were stratified by year of training, the total number of publications and h-indices were not significantly different between genders, with the exception of male residents having a higher h-index in their PGY2 year [2(1-4) vs. 1(0-2), p=0.014]. The percentage of first or second author publications for each resident, as well as the percentage of original articles and articles published in a high-impact urology journal, did not differ between genders. CONCLUSIONS: At first glance, male urology residents seem to produce more research than female residents. However, after stratification by year of training, research productivity is similar between genders. These promising results suggest that the gender gap for women in academia may be closing as female representation continues to improve in urology. Source of Funding: None © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e834 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Melody Ong More articles by this author Joshua Ballway More articles by this author Emily Kokush More articles by this author John Fastenau More articles by this author George Mina More articles by this author Madeleine Andreas More articles by this author Rose Maisner More articles by this author Mohit Khera More articles by this author Hossein Sadeghi-Nejad More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

MP75-19 CHARACTERISTICS OF MALE AND FEMALE APPLICANTS WHO SUCCESSFULLY MATCHED INTO UROLOGY RESIDENCY PROGRAMS: ANALYSIS OF THE 2016-2021 UROLOGY RESIDENT COHORT

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023MP75-19 CHARACTERISTICS OF MALE AND FEMALE APPLICANTS WHO SUCCESSFULLY MATCHED INTO UROLOGY RESIDENCY PROGRAMS: ANALYSIS OF THE 2016-2021 UROLOGY RESIDENT COHORT Juliana Kim, Isaac Kim, Labeeqa Khizir, Justin Lee, Rebecca Lee, Ji Hae Park, Saum Ghodoussipour, Danielle Velez, and Thomas Jang Juliana KimJuliana Kim More articles by this author , Isaac KimIsaac Kim More articles by this author , Labeeqa KhizirLabeeqa Khizir More articles by this author , Justin LeeJustin Lee More articles by this author , Rebecca LeeRebecca Lee More articles by this author , Ji Hae ParkJi Hae Park More articles by this author , Saum GhodoussipourSaum Ghodoussipour More articles by this author , Danielle VelezDanielle Velez More articles by this author , and Thomas JangThomas Jang More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003349.19AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Urology has been long recognized as a competitive field, and women have historically remained underrepresented. However, over the last 3 years, the female match rate has exceeded the overall match rate. We undertook this purely descriptive study without causal assumptions to assess differences in the characteristics of male and female urology residents at the time of their match. METHODS: Using publicly available data, demographics and bibliometrics were collected for 1,814 urology residents who attend a US-based ACGME-Accredited program, reflecting matched applicants from 2016-2021. Sex was determined via a combination of resident name, photo, and social media profile, and then compared to the official match statistics compiled by the American Urological Association. Pearson’s chi-squared test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to test for associations. RESULTS: Of 1,814 successfully matched residents, 1,297 (71.5%) were male and 516 (28.5%) were female (Table 1). There were no significant differences between male and female applicants with respect to the most higher educational degrees, except for a higher proportion of females having a Masters of Science compared to males (11.43% vs 8.17%, p=0.029). No significant differences in AOA memberships between males and females were observed (20.66% vs 21.32%, p<0.757). Regarding bibliometrics, male residents had a higher mean number of published papers and abstracts compared to their female counterparts (5.9 vs 4.7, p<0.001) as well as a higher h-index (2.1 vs 1.7, p=0.001). Data on research output was similar post-match as of 2021. CONCLUSIONS: As we seek to close the sex/gender gap in our field, it is critical to understand the characteristics of successful match applicants and to identify and address pre-existing disparities responsible for this gap. Though we found research output and select higher educational degrees varied according to sex of the applicant, these findings are not easily interpretable. Further research is needed to explore other variables not evaluable using publicly available data (i.e. degree and availability of mentorship and resources available to male vs female applicants, etc.). Source of Funding: This work is supported by a grant from the National Cancer Institute (P30CA072720) © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e1088 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Juliana Kim More articles by this author Isaac Kim More articles by this author Labeeqa Khizir More articles by this author Justin Lee More articles by this author Rebecca Lee More articles by this author Ji Hae Park More articles by this author Saum Ghodoussipour More articles by this author Danielle Velez More articles by this author Thomas Jang More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Racial and Sex Disparities in Resident Attrition in Orthopaedic Surgery.

Demographic and attrition data from 2001 to 2018 were obtained from the Association of American Medical Colleges. Attrition data comprised the following categories: withdrawals, dismissals, and transfers to another specialty. Analysis compared demographic composition and determined attrition rates with subgroup analysis by race/ethnicity and sex. From 2001 to 2018, female orthopaedic residents increased from 8.77% to 15.54% and URiM residents from 9.49% to 11.32%. The overall and unintended attrition rates in orthopaedic surgery were 3.20% and 1.15%, respectively. Among female residents, the overall and unintended attrition rates were 5.96% and 2.09% compared with 2.79% and 1.01%, respectively, in male residents. URiM residents had overall and unintended attrition rates of 6.16% and 3.11% compared with 2.71% and 0.83%, respectively, for their White counterparts. Black/African American residents had an attrition rate of nearly 10%. Female residents averaged 12.9% of all residents but 24% of those leaving orthopaedics. URiM residents were 10.14% of all residents but 19.51% of those experiencing attrition. In logistic regression models, female residents had a relative risk (RR) of 2.20 (p < 0.001) for experiencing all-cause attrition and 2.09 (p < 0.001) for unintended attrition compared with male residents. Compared with their White male counterparts, URiM residents had a RR for overall and unintended attrition of 2.36 and 3.84 (p < 0.001), respectively; Black/African American residents had a RR for the same of 3.80 and 7.20 (p < 0.001), respectively. Although female resident percentage has increased, orthopaedics continues to train fewer female surgeons than all other fields. Female and URiM residents in orthopaedic surgery are disproportionately affected by attrition. While recruitment has been the primary focus of diversity, equity, and inclusion efforts, this study suggests that resident retention through appropriately supporting residents during training is equally critical.

415 Gender Differences in Operative Autonomy Using the Surgical Autonomy Program

INTRODUCTION: While efforts to recruit females into surgical fields have increased, gender differences in surgical training exist. METHODS: The SAP divides a surgical case into four parts, or zones of proximal development (ZPD). For each ZPD, residents are evaluated on a 4-tier autonomy scale (TAGS scale). Using logistic regression analysis, we evaluated neurosurgery residents at Duke University Hospital from July 2017-July 2021 to compare differences in male and female trainee autonomy as rated by both attendings and residents. RESULTS: There were a total of 4,441 cases logged by 26 different residents and 30 attendings. 69% of residents were male (n = 18) and 31% (n = 8) were female. An ordinal regression analysis showed that female residents were given less autonomy than males by attendings (OR 0.59, 0.51-0.69 95% CI, p &lt; 0.001). Females were also less likely to focus on a more complex ZPD (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.46-0.61, p &lt; 0.001). Based on self-evaluation, female residents rated their autonomy lower than males (OR 0.71, 0.61-0.82 95% CI, p &lt; 0.001). Faculty provided greater intraoperative feedback in cases with female residents (84%, n = 539) compared to male residents (79%, n = 1,875) (X2 = 7.52, df = 1, p &lt; 0.01). Female and male residents were fully autonomous on a similar proportion of cases in post-graduate year seven (73% and 72%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Female residents were given less autonomy compared to their male counterparts for index neurosurgical cases and were less likely to focus on a more complex portion of a case. Female residents were more self-critical, though received greater significant intraoperative feedback. Nonetheless, females and males were fully autonomous on a similar number of cases in their final residency year. Increased efforts are needed to address the gender gap within surgical education.

Has the Increase of Women in Surgical Training Programs Led to a Concomitant Increase in Female Leadership Positions? A 10-Year Analysis.

Women represent greater than 50% of medical students in America and are becoming increasingly well represented in surgical fields. However, parity at the trainee level has yet to be accomplished, and surgical leadership positions have remained disproportionately biased toward men. To date, there have been no comparisons on the progress within plastic surgery and other surgical specialties. This investigates the gender disparity in resident and leadership representation over the past 10 years within surgical specialties and how these disparities compare to plastic surgery. Counts of female and male residents and surgical society leaders were collected from 2008 to 2018. Surgical fields included plastic, vascular, urologic, neurologic, orthopedic, cardiothoracic, and general surgery. Leadership positions were defined as board seats on executive committees of major surgical societies or board associations. Data were acquired from publicly available sources or provided directly from the organizations. Resident data were obtained from the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education residents' reports. Individuals holding more than 1 leadership position within a year were counted only once. In our aggregated analysis, the proportion of women in surgical leadership lags behind women in surgical residency training across all specialties (13.2% vs 27.3%, P < 0.01). General surgery had the highest proportion of female residents and leaders (35% and 18.8%, P < 0.01), followed by plastic (32.2% and 17.3%, P < 0.01), vascular (28.2% and 11.3%, P < 0.01), urologic (24.3% and 5.1%), and cardiothoracic surgery (20.5% and 7.8%, P < 0.01). Women in surgical leadership, however, increased at a faster rate than women in surgical training (11% vs 7%, P < 0.05). Plastic surgery showed the greatest rate of increase in both residents and leaders (17% and 19%, P < 0.05) followed by cardiothoracic surgery (16% and 9%, P < 0.05) and general surgery (8% and 14%, P < 0.05). For neurologic and orthopedic surgery, neither the difference in proportions between residents and leaders nor the yearly growth of these groups were significant. Between 2008 and 2018, women in plastic surgery training and leadership positions have shown the most significant growth compared with other surgical subspecialties, demonstrating a strong concerted effort toward gender equality among surgical professions.

MP57-12 EVALUATING THE PRESENCE OF FEMALE UROLOGISTS IN TOP UROLOGY DEPARTMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023MP57-12 EVALUATING THE PRESENCE OF FEMALE UROLOGISTS IN TOP UROLOGY DEPARTMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES Sabika Sadiq, Laura Martin, Katherine Amin, and Raveen Syan Sabika SadiqSabika Sadiq More articles by this author , Laura MartinLaura Martin More articles by this author , Katherine AminKatherine Amin More articles by this author , and Raveen SyanRaveen Syan More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003310.12AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Women have been underrepresented in medicine, with that disparity especially evident in Urology. U.S. News World Report (USNWR) evaluates programs based on Medicare data sources and creates ranking based on patient outcomes, patient experience, nursing staff, patient volume and expert opinion. Studies suggest female Urologists are underrepresented in academic institutions, have lower publication numbers, and have slower progression from assistant professor to associate professor than male Urologists. We seek to describe the composition of female versus male attendings in the top 50 Urology departments across the United States using the 2022 USNWR ranking. METHODS: Using the 2022 USNWR top 50 institutions in Urology, we collected data using each institution’s website. We collected number of male attendings, number of female attendings, percentage of female residents in the program, presence of FPMRS fellowships and the gender of the chairperson. For institutions missing information on faculty, an asterisk was placed. Female to male urology residency ratio was calculated by female residents divided by total number of residents in the program. RESULTS: Of the top 50 Urology hospitals by 2022 USNWR ranking, 3 females are chair of their department. 26 of these institutions have a Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery (FPMRS) fellowship program. The top 25 institutions averaged about 32.3% female residents, similar to 31.7% female residents in institutions ranked from 26-50. The percentage of female faculty in the top 25 institutions ranged from 5-37%, with the mean of 18.7%, similar to institutions ranked 26-50 (0-38% female faculty with the average of 17.9%). Of the programs with chairwomen, female residents represented 22-45% (mean 29.7%), compared to mean 32.2% in programs with chairmen (p=0.73). Female faculty representation was similar between programs with chairwomen (range 9-29%, mean 21%) and chairmen (range 0-38%, mean 18%, p=0.61). CONCLUSIONS: Despite increasing female Urology residency representation over time, women remain underrepresented in academic positions within Urology, especially among top ranked programs. Interestingly, the presence of a chairwomen did not significantly increase the proportion of female residents and faculty. Future directions include examining publication rates and professorial levels in this group. Source of Funding: None © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e789 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Sabika Sadiq More articles by this author Laura Martin More articles by this author Katherine Amin More articles by this author Raveen Syan More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Public opinion about restrictive driving policy: Does political affiliation matter? A case study of odd-even restrictive driving policy in Delhi, India

Public opinion and their support for any new government policy depend on their beliefs on acceptance, intrusiveness, and effectiveness. Considering a varying degree of social and cultural heterogeneity, this study investigates the array of political affiliation, which analyzes the influence of political affiliations on assessment and acceptance of the restrictive driving transport policy. A case study on an odd–even restrictive driving policy implemented during November 4–11, 2019, in Delhi (India) is undertaken using quantitative research methods. The conceptual model was first empirically tested with 275 responses from male residents using partial least squares structural equation modeling and then with necessary conditions analysis for robustness of the findings. The findings show that political affiliation positively influences perceived policy effectiveness, policy fairness, and policy acceptance. This study may help policy-makers and regulators to design measures and interventions that influence broader public perspective related to the odd–even restrictive driving policy through political affiliation.

Street Crimes: A Case Study of District Swabi (KP)

The study focused on street crimes in Swabi city, KP, exploring their profound impact on societal stability. Street crime, encompassing criminal activities in public places, poses significant threats to social integrity, limiting residents' open movement. Perpetrated mostly by deviants within neighborhoods, street crimes are symptomatic of legal, economic, educational, and moral declines. The study covered residents from five police jurisdictions in Swabi, including Swabi, Kalu Khan, Yar Hussain, Parmolo, and Chota Lahor Swabi KP, with 50 male residents interviewed using an interview schedule for data collection. Employing a quantitative approach, the research aimed to uncover the causes and consequences of street crimes. Findings revealed a correlation between drug use and street crimes, with respondents highlighting the role of inadequate child socialization. Common offenses in Swabi included mobile snatching and bike theft. Moreover, the study provided evidence linking poverty and lack of education as significant contributors to the prevalence of street crimes within the community.

Assessing the Extent of Post-traumatic-stress Disorder from Kidnapping Experience of 5 Victims and their Significant others in Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria

Purpose: Kidnapping has become a huge problem in parts of Nigeria such that residents of Kaduna metropolis who have become victims with their significant others are left to suffer varying levels of mental trauma. The study assessed kidnapping experiences and the Post-Traumatic experiences on the victims and their significant others in Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna, Nigeria.&#x0D; Methodology: A survey research design with snowball sampling method was utilized. A total of 10 male and female residents were participants in this study. Post-traumatic distress scale was used and interviews were conducted to collect quantitative and qualitative data respectively. The quantitative data was analyzed testing the hypothesis by way of independent T-test. The Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic narration .The hypothesis tested for the association between kidnap experience and PTSD of victims and their significant others in Kaduna metropolis, Kaduna State.&#x0D; Findings: The study found that victims and their significant others suffered varying symptoms of PTSD stemming from the kidnap experiences in Kaduna metropolis, having PTSD scores ranging from (1.5– 3.7) on the PTSD scale as a result of kidnap experiences. Since all the p-values are greater than 5% level of significance, we therefore accept the hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the PTSD of kidnapped victims and significant others in Kaduna metropolis by way of the PTSD scale. Qualitative analysis revealed that the victims went through much traumatic experiences which had left them with trust issues and phobias, having changed their perspective on life as they once knew it.&#x0D; Recommendation: The victims of kidnap and their significant others are in dire need of counseling therapy, psychological and or psychiatric intervention to limit disability as rehabilitation is vital. There is much needed social and financial support for victims, economic recovery schemes by federal and state governments are needed to minimize security issues.

COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage among 42,565 Adults Amid the Spread of Omicron Variant in Beijing, China.

Vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been in use for over two years, but studies that reflect real-world vaccination coverage and demographic determinants are lacking. Using a multistage stratified random cluster sampling method, we planned to directly explore vaccination coverage and the demographic determinants of different doses of COVID-19 vaccines in Beijing, especially in older populations. All 348 community health service centers in 16 districts were involved. We performed multivariable logistic regression analyses to identify demographic determinants of different coverage rates via adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% CIs. Of the 42,565 eligible participants, the total vaccination coverage rates for ≥1 dose, ≥2 doses, ≥3 doses, and 4 doses were 93.3%, 91.6%, 84.9%, and 13.0%, respectively, but decreased to 88.1%, 85.1%, 76.2%, and 3.8% in the older population. Among all participants, younger (aOR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.60-1.95), male (aOR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.06-1.23), and better-educated residents (high school and technical secondary school aOR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.43-1.74; bachelor's degree aOR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.37-1.70) were more likely to be fully vaccinated. People who lived in rural areas (aOR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.31-1.60) and held the new rural cooperative health insurance (aOR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.20-1.57) established a higher rate of full vaccination coverage. No history of chronic disease was positively associated with a higher coverage rate (aOR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.66-1.97). Occupation also affected vaccination coverage. Demographic factors influencing the rate of vaccination with at least one or three doses were consistent with the results above. Results remained robust in a sensitivity analysis. Given the highly transmissible variants and declining antibody titers, accelerating the promotion of booster vaccination coverage, especially in high-risk groups such as the elderly, is a top priority. For all vaccine-preventable diseases, rapidly clarifying vaccine-hesitant populations, clearing barriers, and establishing a better immune barrier can effectively safeguard people's lives and property and coordinate economic development with epidemic prevention and control.