Male Owners Research Articles

Firearm Availability Reduces the Stability of Suicidal Ideation: Results from an Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

Firearm availability is correlated with increased risk of suicide but its link with suicidal ideation remains unclear. Previous studies are limited by retrospective reports and prospective designs with lengthy gaps between assessments that are ill-suited for measuring fluctuations in suicidal ideation. This study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to repeatedly assess suicidal ideation in a sample of 138 U.S. adults (81 handgun owners, 57 non-owners). Participants received six EMA prompts per day for 28 consecutive days. Results revealed no group differences in the frequency, maximum amplitude, or variability of suicidal ideation across male and female handgun owners and non-owners. Stability of suicidal ideation significantly differed across groups, however (F(1,132) = 4.5, p = 0.036); male handgun owners had the strongest stability and male non-owners had the weakest stability. Stability of suicidal ideation was significantly lower when participants reported a firearm was nearby as compared to when no firearm was nearby (F(4,17732) = 5.6, p < 0.001). Results suggest firearm availability increases reactivity to the environment, slows recovery from acutely elevated risk states, and may increase vulnerability to sudden shifts to higher risk states characterized by increased probability of suicidal behavior. Although these effects were observed in both handgun owners and non-owners, they disproportionately impact handgun owners because they report being near firearms more often.

The effect of business owners’ personal characteristics on enterprises’ human resource management strategies – a multigroup comparison model based on micro, small and medium-sized private enterprises

PurposeIt has been proven that the characteristics of top management in an organization have an impact on the organization’s employee management strategies. In micro, small and medium-sized enterprises, the business owner’s influence is constructive. However, there has been little discussion about the influence of business owners’ personal characteristics on enterprises’ human resource management (HRM) strategies.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, two complementary experimental designs – quantitative research and qualitative research – were adopted to verify the theoretical framework.FindingsThe results show that business owners with masculine characteristics tend to adopt the strategies of internal development and external acquisition, while those with feminine characteristics tend to adopt the strategies of internal development. Significant differences were found between the female business owner group and the male business owner group in terms of the relationship paths of gender role orientation, leadership style and gender role orientation and HRM strategies.Originality/valueFirstly, this is the first time to discuss human resource management strategies from the perspective of gender roles. Secondly, the data of this research is collected from entrepreneurs, which is another advantage of this research. Finally, this research has obtained more valuable research findings. This study found that feminine bosses tend to adopt internally developed human resource strategies, while masculine bosses value internally developed human resource management strategies and also tend to adopt external acquisition strategies. Studies have shown that companies that adopt defensive strategies rely more on internally developed human resource management strategies, while those with exploratory strategies are more inclined to externally acquired human resource management strategies. So, does the boss’s gender role orientation match the organizational strategy, that is, feminine bosses adopt defensive strategies, while masculine bosses adopt defensive and exploratory organizational strategies? This point provides new research ideas for the development of private enterprises.

The State of Black Male-Owned Businesses in America: High-Growth Disparity

Black businesses are the fastest-growing population of new ventures in America. The problem is the alarming disproportion of these companies achieving high-level success compared to White companies. Specifically, this study investigated Black male business owners and barriers inhibiting their ability to sustain, thrive, and become financially viable. These companies are relevant to society because they can create jobs, deliver niche products to mass markets, contribute to their communities, bridge the wealth gap, and stimulate the economy. 200 Black male entrepreneurs working full-time in their ventures were the sample. Instrumentation was an open-ended survey, and the applied framework was empirical probability.

Factors affecting traditional micro business (MB) to continue using E-marketplace from habit and social impact perspective

Purpose This study aims to proposes a theoretical model to understand the intention of Indonesian traditional micro businesses (MB) to continue using an e-marketplace. Design/methodology/approach This research involved the utilization and combination of habit formation and social impact theories to develop the model. A total of 162 responses were retrieved from the owners of traditional MB and used to validate the proposed model. Findings The results showed subjective norms to be the most substantial direct predictor of continuous usage, followed by usefulness, satisfaction and promotion proneness. Meanwhile, compatibility was found to have only an indirect effect through usefulness as a mediator. Moreover, moderating effect analysis also showed that the impact of herd behaviour was only significant for male and younger traditional MB owners. Originality/value The emphasis on the seller perspective using habit formation as well as the social impact theory to explain continuance behaviour is an alternative approach observed not to have been widely explored, especially for traditional businesses such as indigenous industry rather than organizations.

Exploring Gender Differences of Business Owners in Relation to Marketing Campaigns and Strategic Orientations

This paper aimed to analyze gender differences of business owners when adopting marketing campaigns through social media in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. The Strategic Orientations of MSME owners lead to sales and business development, which is comparable between the genders of the business owners. The study used a self-administered questionnaire to find responses from 100 male and female business owners of MSMEs. In the study, all the MSME owners, both male and female, have used social media in marketing and product promotion. The data was analyzed using the SPSS software program. The findings indicated that the way business owners adopt marketing campaigns is different between males and females which also influences their sales and business development. Male business owners are more likely to adopt the entrepreneurial and technological orientations while female business owners are more active in using social media in their marketing campaign. This study contributes to the evaluation of MSME business owners’ gender differences to serve their consumers in this digital era. Keywords: Gender Differences, Marketing, Strategic Orientation

Updated Estimate of the Number of Extreme Risk Protection Orders Needed to Prevent 1 Suicide

Extreme risk protection orders (ERPOs)-also known as red flag, risk warrant, and gun violence restraining orders-authorize law enforcement, family members, and sometimes others to petition a court to remove firearms from and prevent the acquisition of new firearms by a person judged to pose an immediate danger to themselves or others. Previous estimates suggest that 1 suicide is prevented for every 10 ERPOs issued, a number needed to treat that depends critically on the counterfactual estimate of the proportion of suicidal acts by ERPO respondents that would have involved firearms in the absence of ERPOs. To empirically inform updated estimates of the number of ERPOs needed to prevent 1 suicide. This cohort study used data from California for method-specific suicides by handgun ownership (October 18, 2004, to December 31, 2015). Handgun-owning suicide decedents in California were identified using individual-level registry data about lawful handgun ownership linked to cause-specific mortality for a cohort of more than 25 million adults. The study also used data from Connecticut for method-specific suicides among ERPO respondents who died by suicide, extracted from published data (October 1999 to June 2013). Data analysis was performed in December 2023. Handgun ownership. The primary outcomes were the number and distribution of suicidal acts by handgun owners in California, estimated using method-specific suicide mortality data and published case fatality ratios, and the counterfactual number and distribution of suicidal acts and deaths among ERPO respondents in Connecticut had no ERPOs been issued. A total of 1216 handgun owners (mean [SD] age, 50 [18] years; 1019 male [83.8%]) died by suicide during the study period. Among male handgun owners in California, 28% of suicidal acts involved firearms, 54% involved drug poisoning, 9% involved cutting or piercing, 3% involved hanging or suffocation, 2% involved poisoning with solids and/or liquids, and the remaining 4% involved other methods. Assuming this distribution approximates the counterfactual distribution among ERPO respondents in Connecticut in the absence of ERPOs, 1 suicide death was prevented for every 22 ERPOs issued. The estimates produced by this cohort study of California handgun owners suggest that ERPOs can play an important role in averting deaths among high-risk individuals.

Embracing Survivalist Entrepreneurship: How African American Men Leverage Business Ownership out of Economic Necessity

There has been extensive research and examination dedicated to the advantages and disadvantages of entrepreneurship, both in general and specifically for African Americans. Significant research has been devoted to understanding the economic outcomes of African American men, and there is an area of opportunity to study how African American men, specifically, can leverage entrepreneurship to increase the probability of successful economic outcomes for themselves and their families. Entrepreneurial research has the potential to be leveraged to combat waning labor force participation rates and heightened unemployment rates among African American men. Leveraging the theories of Trust, Goal-Orientation, Logotherapy, and Social Identity Theory, a study was conducted among United States-based business owners. The sample size was forty-one African American male business owners. The results demonstrate how these African American men have leveraged entrepreneurship to build social capital and wealth, while improving their standard of living, as well as highlight the hurdles and barriers they have endured during the process of business ownership. The majority of African American owned business are owned by African American men, and this study provides insights into the phenomenology of African American male entrepreneurs.

Navigating Grant Program Representative Bias: Insights from Paycheck Protection Program for Hospitality SMEs and Entrepreneurs

Allocation of public funding, such as those of government grants, can be influenced by subjective factors, similar to biases that research has found in commercial business lending based on organizational and ownership factors. However, there is limited research that has investigated biases in grant programs. Using data from the Paycheck Protection Program in the United States this study examined whether biases existed in grant programs for hospitality businesses. Results of regression analyses indicate that hospitality businesses received greater total loan amounts and smaller loan amounts per employee than businesses in other industries. Additionally, male business owners, White business owners, and corporations received greater loan amounts compared to other demographic groups. This study contributes to extending the current literature on commercial lending by enhancing our understanding of representative biases in government-directed lending programs for businesses.

Between lookism and bodily capital: Understanding female personal trainers’ appearance in occupational socialization

Witnessing that the appearance of female trainers has been regarded as a potential cause of appearance-based discrimination and a source of bodily capital, this study examined the influence of female trainers’ appearance on the process of occupational socialization. We invited eight research participants for in-depth interviews, including female trainers, Pilates instructors, and male fitness center owners with training experience. We followed the grounded theory analysis method to derive meaningful insights from the collected data. The results indicate that the physical appearance of female trainers had various effects on their perceived value as bodily capital during the preparatory and adaptation periods. However, it became a constraining factor during the conflict period as they experienced bodily changes in their late 20s. Eventually, their physical appearance hindered female trainers from maintaining their careers and decreased the percentage of female trainers who reached maturity period. Ultimately, the culture of lookism had a mixed impact on women's occupational socialization, revealing its discriminatory undertones. Although some women profited from the culture, lookism disadvantaged others. Finally, we suggested that a possible solution would be the enactment of the anti-discrimination law for better protection.

Factors Associated with the Prevalence of Bovine Tuberculosis in the Kafue Basin of Zambia

Worldwide, bovine tuberculosis is most common in agricultural regions of Central and South America, Sub-Saharan Africa and South-Western Asia. Bovine tuberculosis was reported to be endemic in the Zambian traditional cattle sector with a high herd prevalence of 49.8% recorded from areas within, and adjacent to the Kafue Basin as far back as 1995. An analytical cross sectional study design was applied to a sample size of 384 selected cattle owners in the Kafue Basin. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to the cattle owners who were randomly selected. The data was analyzed using STATA Version 15 Software. The results from the study showed that 54% of the cattle owners experienced bovine tuberculosis among their cattle while 46% did not experience bovine tuberculosis. The prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in cattle was higher among the male cattle owners (76%) compared to female cattle owners (24%). There was a significant relationship of p value &amp;lt; 0.029 between level of knowledge of cattle owners and the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis. Unemployed cattle owners had higher odds of experiencing bovine tuberculosis among their cattle (OR 3.488; 95% CI 1.341-9.067) and the relationship was statistically significant at p value &amp;lt; 0.010. There was equally a significant relationship of p value &amp;lt; 0.042 between vaccination status of animals and the occurrence of bovine tuberculosis. The study showed that the majority of cattle owners lacked awareness and had a lower level of understanding of the disease and its public health significance. Therefore, the implications of the study suggest the creation of disease control programs that will ensure regular herd testing for bovine tuberculosis, routine vaccinations of animals, deliberate quarantine of infected animals as well as community health education about transmission, control and prevention of the disease.

Impact of handgun ownership and biological sex on startle reactivity to predictable and unpredictable threats

Extant literature suggests that many individuals obtain firearms because they perceive the world as unsafe and believe that firearm ownership increases physical protection. Converging evidence suggests that firearm owners are vulnerable to uncertainty and experience chronic anticipatory anxiety in daily life; however, biological sex is thought to potentially moderate this association. Studies have yet to examine this hypothesis using objective markers of anticipatory anxiety. The present study therefore examined the impact of handgun ownership and biological sex on psychophysiological reactivity to predictable (P-) and unpredictable (U-) threat (N = 133). Male and female adult participants were classified into two groups: a) individuals who do not currently own any handguns (n = 52), and b) individuals who currently own one or more handguns (n = 81). Startle eyeblink potentiation was recorded as an index of aversive reactivity during a well-validated threat-of-shock paradigm designed to probe anticipatory anxiety (during U-threat) and fear (during P-threat). Results revealed no main effect of group on startle reactivity to P- or U-threat. Females displayed greater startle reactivity to threat (P- and U-) compared with males. The main effect was qualified by a significant group x biological sex interaction. Male handgun owners exhibited greater startle to U-threat, but not P-threat, relative to non-handgun owners. There was no effect of group on startle reactivity in females. Findings revealed that biological sex and threat type influenced threat reactivity. Male handgun owners displayed increased sensitivity to stressors that are uncertain, which may reflect an objective mechanism related to firearm ownership.

Study of obstacles of fish culture in Khartoum State (Omdurman, Khartoum and Khartoum north, case study)

The present study aimed to provide baseline information of fish culture status (obstacles) of Omdurman, Khartoum and Khartoum north in the Khartoum state in Sudan due to there is little or lack of information in this field. 30 owners of farm were questioned from Omdurman, Khartoum and Khartoum north, 10 farms for each location; Descriptive analysis was done for analyzing the raw data of the study by using Excel Microsoft Software 2007. Social data showed that male farm owners group was dominant in third sites 100%. Age groups of fishermen ranged between 20 to 60 years; where age group 31- 40 Khartoum north, age group 41- 50 was dominant in O mdurman and age group 51-60 year was dominant in Khartoum. Six educational categories were recorded where University education was dominant in the three locations 50%, 50% and 70% respectively; whereas, postgraduate was the second in the tow location: O mdurman and Khartoum 20% and the secondary education were the third in Khartoum 30%. all farm owners were married 100% in three sites; As regards to the farm owners other activities results showed that most of them were practicing other activities (farmers, business owner, officers and workers). Category of farmer was dominant 90% secondly business owner and officer 70% and 50% respectively. Data showed that the problems (Varanus niloticus, birds, marketing, fees and thefts) was dominant in three locations had the highest percentage 90%, 80%, 60%, 30% and 10% respectively. and according to production cost in three locations arranged: (feeds, workers, fingerlings, water and technical supervision) 50, and 70% and 40%, 50% and 70% and 30%, 40% and 50% and 10, 20 and 40% and 10, 20 and 30% respectively. Category of feeds dominant followed by workers and fingerlings, the best Method to obtain of information, the results showed that Bulletins was dominant in three sites 80%, 30% and 90%; whereas, field visits in three location was the second 60%, 90% and 0%, Radio programs in three location was the third 60%, 10% and 60% and the lowest percentage; Seminars and television 40%, 50% and 40%, and 30%, 0% and 0%. For the best location to obtain information results revealed that the General Director of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Resources and Irrigation - Khartoum State was dominant in the three locations 90%, 80% and 90%, whereas, Universities in three location was the second 40%, 20% and 0%, and the lowest percentage Central Research of fisheries 40%, 0% and 0%, and Internet 10%, 20% and30%. Also result showed most of the farm owners in three sites all them need to training courses in deferent programmers (Fish extinction, Fish feeding, Fish production and Fish marketing) according to this percentages 60%, 30% and 50%, and 30%, 10% and 50%, and 10%, 10% and 30%, and 10%, 0% and 20% respectively.

Bird ownership and pulmonary outcomes apart from hypersensitivity pneumonitis in European older adults

BackgroundExposure to birds has been linked with several lung pathologies and especially hypersensitivity pneumonitis, but discordant literature exist on the potential effects of this exposure on other respiratory pathologies. AimThis study aims to examine the associations between bird ownership and asthma, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in older European adults. MethodsA total of 28,109 participants from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe were employed and analyzed with multivariate logistic regressions. ResultsNo association was found with asthma or lung cancer. Bird ownership increased the odds for COPD diagnosis (OR=1.30; 95 % CI: 1.12–1.51) and more so in males (OR=1.53; 95 % CI: 1.25–1.87) after adjustment for demographic, respiratory, lifestyle, and socioeconomic factors. Male bird owners who smoke had an even more increased risk compared to non-smokers, as did those who lived in multi-person households compared to those living alone.Conclusion: Bird ownership may be positively associated with COPD in older European males.

Femalization of the Genre of Literature; Novel Owners of the Novel

Unfairly female authors have been deprived of the title of “mothers” of English Novel and “fathers” have been taken as the sole male owners of the Novel. While not only the first professional novelist was a woman but the numbers of female novelists exceed that of the males. Female authors indefatigably undertook the process of femalization the genre of literature and the current study conducted through the qualitative research and text-analysis methods together with historical approach tried to put light to the fact that how female novelists contributed to the great genre of literature and strengthen it due to their fairness and their gender as well as their treatment of their subject. Aphra Behn penned Oroonoko of 1688 much earlier than Danial Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe of 1719. The purpose of this paper has, by no means, been to convert female writers from the lower novelists to higher ones. However, under the strict social conventions of the seventeenth and eighteenth century England, there had been buried some masterpieces of literary works which need to be delivered again to the world of literature, the negligence of which is a loss and the revival of which is a gain to both consumers and producers of literary works.

Performance of Women Entrepreneurs in Birgunj, Nepal: A Comparative Study

This study is an empirical research of women entrepreneurs involved in the various industries in Birgunj, Nepal. Women Entrepreneurs of both registered and unregistered units are considered as respondents. Three entrepreneurial activities had considered as the study area of this research viz. manufacturing, trading and services. It concentrates only in micro and small enterprises run by women. In order to draw comparisons, researchers included a control group of male business owners. The criteria established by Lalitha Rani (1996) based on ratio of profit to total investment were used to measure the preference of entrepreneurs. Performance was classified as "Less than average," "Average," and "very successful." Comparative study and chi- squire test were carried out to see the association between performance and other independent variables. Exploratory and descriptive research had done through judgmental sampling; information was collected from 72 women entrepreneurs and 29 male entrepreneurs. This study applied cross sectional design under quantitative research methods. Result of performance analysis shows that performance and gender, training, and experience did not have any significant relationships; but, there were significant relationships between performance and activities and legal ownership.

Attitudes and practices toward feral cats of male and female dog or cat owners and non-owners in Seoul, South Korea

The number of pet cats in South Korea has sharply increased since 2010. Problems have arisen with feral or stray cats, creating conflict among residents, to such an extent that the government provides some sites for people to offer feeding stations for the stray cats. This study investigated hypotheses on people’s attitudes toward feral cats in Seoul, South Korea: (i) dog and cat owners would show more positive attitudes than non-owners toward feral cats; (ii) females would have more positive attitudes toward feral cats than males; (iii) the number of Seoul-provided feeding stations by district would be correlated with people’s positive attitudes toward feral cats. Responses from 7,394 participants were used for the final analyses with 3,179 males, 3,607 females, and 599 others (includes “decline to state”). Cat owners reported more extremely positive attitudes toward feral cats than people who had no cats. Females more often had cats than males, and they were more extremely positive toward pet and feral cats than males, and strongly opposed to culling as a management strategy. The attitudes toward feral cats of people with only dogs were intermediate between people with cats and people without pets, more resembling those of people without pets. There was a correlation between the number of city-provided feeding stations and people’s attitudes toward feral cats, but only in the areas with at least 40 feeder stations; having many city-provided feeding stations was associated with very negative attitudes to feral cats. Whether the very large number of feeding stations were provided in the two neighborhoods due to a previously excessive number of feral cats in those neighborhoods, vs. those feeding stations attracting or provisioning an ever-growing number of feral cats, is unknown. These results show sharp differences in attitudes between cat owners and non-owners, and between males and females. Results resemble findings in other studies, perhaps with more extreme differences between sub-groups. The study revealed that attitudes toward pet and feral cats in Seoul were complex and varied with pet ownership, with sex, and with neighborhood context.

Crypto and financial literacy of cryptoasset owners versus non-owners: The role of gender differences

AbstractWe measure crypto and financial literacy using microdata from the Bank of Canada’s Bitcoin Omnibus Survey. Our crypto literacy measure is based on three questions covering basic aspects of Bitcoin. The financial literacy measure we use is based on three questions covering basic aspects of conventional finance (the “Big Three”). We find that a significant share of Canadian Bitcoin owners have low crypto knowledge and low financial literacy. We also find gender differences in crypto literacy among Bitcoin owners, with female owners scoring lower in Bitcoin knowledge than male owners. We do not, however, find significant gender differences in financial literacy amongst Bitcoin owners. In contrast, non-owners show gender differences in both crypto and financial literacy.

Is the Housing Market an Inequality Generator?

AbstractWe study inequality generated by capital gains in the housing market by exploiting two countrywide data sources in Norway: a registry of housing units and a database of transactions. We identify and follow all individuals in six birth cohorts in Norway, who were owners on January 1, 2007, and on January 1, 2019, and estimate the sum of their actual and potential capital gains from their owned and sold properties. We demonstrate that there is a substantial increase in capital gains inequality over the period, both across and within geographical strata and across and within birth cohorts. We find a statistically significant and economically meaningful difference between the distributions of capital gains of female and male owners in Oslo.

An autopsy case of infective aortic aneurysm with Pasteurella multocida infection: clinicopathological appearance and a review of literatures

Here, we showed our clinicopathological findings of infected aortic aneurysm (IAA) with Pasteurella multocida, which is a Gram-negative coccobacillus and is part of the normal oral flora of many animals. The patient was a 76-year-old male animal owner with a history of diabetes mellitus, alcoholic liver damage, and laryngeal cancer. He died 16 days after admission without undergoing operation because of poor general condition. Autopsy showed saccular outpouching with loss of the existing aortic wall and marked neutrophilic infiltration in the suprarenal abdominal aorta. Rupture was not evident. A polymerase chain reaction assay using DNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimen of the aneurysmal wall detected the Pasteurella multocida gene, therefore we conclude that the present case was IAA of native aorta with Pasteurella multocida infection. A review of the literature showed that IAA of native aorta with Pasteurella multocida infection is opportunistic and that liver disorder, alcohol addiction, diabetes mellitus, and animal bite may increase its risk. On the other hand, aortic endograft infection with Pasteurella multocida frequently occurred without an immunocompromised state. Pasteurella multocida may be a distinct causative microorganism in IAA, and/or sepsis when the participant is an animal owner.

Factors Impacting Intention of Formalisation of Egyptian MSMEs; What about Social Media?

Research on the impact of social media (SM) on the formalisation – switching from the informal to the formal sector – of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) is scant if existent; Egypt is no exception. The need for MSMEs to increase productivity and growth are vital to Egypt’s own growth and development, and formalisation tops the list of prerequisites. This study aims to examine the impact of the factors perceived by informal entrepreneurs to motivate/hinder formalisation on those entrepreneurs’ intention to formalise their MSMEs. SM usage is a new factor whose impact on the intention of formalisation is also investigated. This is accomplished by adopting the conceptual framework of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). A logistic regression model was used on data collected through questionnaires from a sample of Egyptian female and youth male MSMEs owners, who comprise most informal entrepreneurs in Egypt. Results demonstrate that the factors affecting the intention of formalisation of female and youth male informal entrepreneurs are different. However, for both groups, higher educational levels and SM usage negatively affect their intention of formalisation. The one size fits all policies encouraging formalisation might not work given these differences.