Local Male Sheep Research Articles

Effects of ICSH Hormone and Testosterone by Adding Spirulina Platensis to the Feed with Different Protein Levels in Local Male Sheep

Effects of ICSH Hormone and Testosterone by Adding Spirulina Platensis to the Feed with Different Protein Levels in Local Male Sheep

Effect of Lipid Profile and Liver Enzymes by Adding Spirulina Platensis to Feed with Different Levels of Protein in Local Male Sheep

Effect of Lipid Profile and Liver Enzymes by Adding Spirulina Platensis to Feed with Different Levels of Protein in Local Male Sheep

Prediction of Live Weight and Carcass Characteristics from Linear Body Measurements of Yearling Male Local Sheep

Measurements of the body structure in sheep are worthy of judging the quantitative features of meat and useful in developing appropriate selection requirements. The current study was aimed to predict live weight and hot carcass weight from linear body measurements of yearling male local sheep. 84 days feeding period fortnightly taken data on 24 local sheep for body weight, body length, heart girth, wither height, sub-sternal height, tail length, tail width, scrotal circumference, and scrotal length were analyzed to study the relationship between linear body measurements and body weight. At the end of the trial all sheep were slaughtered to measure the relationship between body measurements, and hot carcass weight. Microsoft Excel 2010 was used for data analysis. The relationships between the various body measurements were calculated using pearson's correlation coefficient. The backward stepwise multiple regression procedure was used for the determination of the most suitable model for the prediction of the live weight and hot carcass weight. Hot carcass weight was highly correlated (P<0.01) with body weight and scrotal circumference. Besides, it was significantly (P<0.05) correlated with tail width. Body weight was significantly (P<0.05) correlated with all body measurements except tail length and scrotal length. It is concluded that the body weight of the local sheep can be predicted with heart girth, sub-sternal height and tail width; the equation is LW= -97.2 + 0.36HG + 2.1SBSH + 0.57TW with a better coefficient of determination; R2 = 0.55 and the hot carcass weight can be predicted with sub-sternal height and tail width; the equation is HCW= -75.66 + 1.75SBSH + 0.85TW with a coefficient of determination; R2 = 0.33. But, hot carcass can be predicted with body weight, the equation is HCW= -9.39+0.85BWT when weighing scales are affordable with a better coefficient of determination; R2= 0.557.

Feeding behavior, intake pattern, and nutrient sufficiency of sheep fed sorghum straw silage and concentrate

This study aimed to determine the behavior, intake pattern, and nutritional sufficiency level of sheep fed sorghum straw silage and concentrate. Twelve male local sheep weighing 13.13 ± 2.39 kg were kept in individual pens with a size of 80 × 125 cm2. The concentrate comprised soybean meal, rice bran, ground corn, mineral premix, and urea. Forage and concentrate were given at the same time in different feed bunks and were available all the time. The data observed were related to behavior, feed intake, and growth. The behavioral activities observed were duration of eating, mineral block licking, drinking, rumination, laying, and other activities. The feed intakes observed were hourly intake and daily intake. Behavioral data and dry matter intake patterns were analyzed descriptively, while nutritional sufficiency was analyzed using a one-sample t test compared to the nutrient requirements of local sheep for an increase in body weight of 100 grams per day. The activities carried out within 24 hours were eating (24.00%), ruminating (19.05%), mineral block licking (3.45%), drinking (0.28%), laying (31.02%), and other activities (31.02%). The feed intake ratios of sorghum straw silage and concentrate were 10.89% and 89.11%, respectively, with an average daily gain of 140.00 g per head per day. The total dry matter intake was 737.34 g, consisting of a total intake of crude protein and total digestible nutrients of 16.48% and 71.44%, respectively, exceeding the needs of local sheep for a daily gain of 100 g per day. Sheep can use sorghum straw silage as a forage source and regulate their consumption to meet their nutritional needs.

Dry matter and organic matter digestibility of complete feed based on durian waste (Durio zibethinus Murr.) as local male sheep feed

Durian waste has the potential to be used as livestock feed, but it needs further processing to increase its nutritional value. The aim of this study was to examine the value of dry matter and organic matter digestibility of complete feed based on durian waste as local male sheep feed. Apart from that, this research also aims to create a sustainable agricultural system with zero waste. The design used a completely randomized design (CRD) 4x4. The treatment consisted of P0 = control; P1 = CF with 20% durian peel + 20% durian seed + 20% elephant grass; P2 = CF with 30% durian peel + 20% durian seed + 10% elephant grass; P3 = CF with 40% durian peel + 20% durian seed. The result showed that the use of durian waste in the complete feed had a significant (P<0.05) effect on the consumption and digestibility of dry matter and organic matter. The conclusion of this study is the utilization of durian peel and seeds in complete feed can increase the consumption and digestibility of dry matter and organic matter for local male sheep with the best dosage being 30% durian peel + 20% durian seed + 10% elephant grass.

Utilization of Fermented Kepok Banana Stems Using Eco enzymes on the Performance of Local Male Sheep

The provision of kepok banana stems fermented with eco enzymes as local male sheep feed was carried out at the Alfino pen on Jalan Tunas Mekar, Tuntungan II Village. Pancur Batu District, Deli Serdang Regency, North of Sumatra. The study was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were P0 = 80% natural grass + 20% Concentrate, P1 = 70% natural grass + 10% Banana Stem Fermentation + 20% Concentrate, P2 = 60% natural grass + 20% Banana Stem Fermentation + 20% Concentrate. Parameters observed were feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion. The results showed that the provision of kepok banana stem fermentation with eco enzymes as feed for local male sheep showed decrease of feed consumption, had no significant effect on body weight gain and feed conversion. The conclusion of the study showed that giving kepok banana stems fermentation with eco enzyme as additional feed for local male sheep with increasing doses could increase body weight gain with lower consumption and smaller feed conversion.

The Effect of Feeding Odot Grass and Ecoenzyme Fermented Rice Straw on The Performance of Local Rams

This study aims to determine the effect of odot grass and rice straw fermented using ecoenzyme (Garbage Enzyme) on the performance of local male sheep. This research was carried out in the firuza enclosure from September 8 to November 8, 2020. The method used is a complete randomized design (RAL) with 5 practices and 4 repeats. The treatment consists of 100% odot grass + 0% fermented rice straw (PO), 75% odot grass + 25% fermented rice straw (P1), 50% odot grass + 50% fermented rice straw (P2), 25% odot grass + 75% fermented rice straw (P3), 0% odot grass + 100% fermented rice straw (P4). The parameters studied were weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion and Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC). The results of the study had a significant effect (P&lt;0.01) on weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion. Based on this study, it can be concluded that high feed consumption is not comparable to low weight gain resulting in high conversion.

Utilization of Fermented Banana Stems Kepok Waste Using Eco enzymes on Carcass Percentage of Local Male Sheep

The cost of feed is the largest proportion in raising livestock. This study aims to determine the effect of the administration of fermented kepok banana stem waste using eco enzymes as an alternative feed on local sheep. This research was conducted at Alvino Farm in September - December 2022. The design used was completely randomized (RAL) with four treatments and five replications so that 20 experimental units were obtained. The sheep used were 20 local sheep with an initial weight of 19.65 ± 1 kg. The treatments given were P0 (80% field grass + 20% concentrate without fermented banana stems), P1 (70% field grass + 20% concentrate + 10% fermented banana stems), P2 (60% field grass + 20% concentrate + 20 % fermented banana stems), and P3 (50% field grass + 20% concentrate + 30% fermented banana stems). The parameters studied were final weight, slaughter weight, empty body weight, carcass weight, and carcass percentage. The results showed that the provision of fermented banana stems up to a level of 30% improve empty body weight. However, it do not improve final weight, slaughter weight, carcass weight, and carcass percentage.

Energy Metabolism of Sheep Supplemented with Complete Rumen Modifier (CRM)

This study aimed to examine the effect of supplementing the Complete Rumen Modifier (CRM) which consisted of 30% Morinda citrifolia leaf flour, 30% Camellia sinensis leaf dregs flour, 30% Ipomoea batatas leaf flour, 3% S. cerevisiae, 3% metionin and 3% sulfur on the energy metabolism of 18 local male sheep aged 6-8 months. The experimental feed consisted of ammoniated rice straw and concentrate (40:60) weighing 4% DM body weight. This study was subjected to a randomized complete block design (RCBD), analyzed six groups of initial weight of sheep allotted into three treatment groups: 0%, 1%, and 2% CRM of DM feed. The measured variables were energy intake (EI), digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), energy retention (RE), and efficiency of RE to EI, RE to DE, and RE to ME. The results showed significant effects (P&amp;lt;0.01) of supplementing CRM in the feed on EI, DE, ME, RE, and efficiency of RE to EI, RE to DE, and RE to ME. The orthogonal polynomial test revealed that a higher dose of CRM supplementation in the feed has quadraterally increased (P&amp;lt;0.01) EI, DE, ME, and RE with peak points on 0,62%; 0,80%; 1,05%; 1,09%, respectively, and linearly increased (P&amp;lt;0.01) the efficiency of RE to EI, RE to DE, and RE to ME. It was concluded that the addition of CRM at the level of 2% was able to produce optimal energy efficiency in sheep.

Percentage of Local Sheep Carcases: Feed by Fermented Cassava Peel

This study aimed to determine the effect of giving various doses of fermented cassava peel by local microorganisms (MOL) on the percentage of carcasses of local male sheep. The research was carried out at Mr. Praditya Raharja's Ranch, Jalan Bunga Rinte, Simpang Selayang, Medan, from December 16, 2019 to March 8, 2020 using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. This study used 20 male local sheep with an average initial body weight of 12.59 ± 1.22 kg. The treatments were: P0 (without fermented cassava peel in the ration), P1 (25% fermented cassava peel in the ration), P2 (50% fermented cassava peel in the ration), and P3 (75% fermented cassava peel in the diet). ration). The parameters studied were final weight, slaughter weight, empty body weight, and carcass percentage. The results showed that the application of cassava peel fermented by MOL in the ration had no significant effect (P&gt;0.05) on the final weight (P0=26.17 kg/head, P1=23.34 kg/head, P2=24.50 kg/head, P3=23.43 kg/head), slaughter weight (P0=26.10 kg/head, P1=22.67 kg/head, P2=24.23 kg/head, P3=22.38 kg/head), body weight empty (P0=18.81 kg/head, P1=17.20 kg/head, P2=18.37 kg/head, P3=16.64 kg/head), carcass weight (P0=11.31 kg/head , P1=9.55 kg/head P2=10.15 kg/head, P3=9.27 kg/head), and carcass percentage (P0=60.17%, P1=55.16%, P2=55, 17%, P3=55,70%). The conclusion of this study was that giving fermented cassava peel to sheep still had a positive effect, as it did not reduce the body weight of the sheep's carcass and the percentage of carcass produced was more than 50%.

Bacteriological, molecular and histopathological evaluation of four vaccines’ protective role against caseous lymphadenitis in sheep

The caseous lymphadenitis disease (CLA) due to Corynebacteriumpseudotuberculosis has worldwide distribution and indicates high prevalence in different countries. The bacterium has many pathogenicity factors; firstly, “phospholipase D”, an exotoxin virulence factor that enhances vascular permeability and facilitates bacterial transmission causing endothelial cell damage. The bacterium's exterior lipid cover is the second pathogenicity factor. This protects it from hydrolytic enzymes found in the phagocytes of the host, where the bacteria proliferate and then release after rupturing. Bacterial proliferation causes CLA abscesses, which are followed by attraction and the formation of an inflammatory response, which increases lymph flow and vascular permeability. The purpose of this study was to look atpostmortem findings, bacterial cultures, and histology of vaccinated sheep to see how well they were protected. On 15 male local sheep bread, four prepared vaccinations against C. pseudotuberculosis biotype 1 were tested. The animals were divided into 5 groups; four of various vaccines used and the fifthwere kept non-vaccinated. A live virulent strain of C. pseudotuberculosis was given to each group. Unvaccinated animals displayed CLA symptoms similar to those seen in spontaneously sick animals.

Bacteriological, molecular and histopathological evaluation of four vaccines’ protective role against caseous lymphadenitis in sheep

The caseous lymphadenitis disease (CLA) due to Corynebacteriumpseudotuberculosis has worldwide distribution and indicates high prevalence in different countries. The bacterium has many pathogenicity factors; firstly, “phospholipase D”, an exotoxin virulence factor that enhances vascular permeability and facilitates bacterial transmission causing endothelial cell damage.The bacterium's exterior lipid cover is the second pathogenicity factor.This protects it from hydrolytic enzymes found in the phagocytes of the host, where the bacteria proliferate and then release after rupturing. Bacterial proliferation causes CLA abscesses, which are followed by attraction and the formation of an inflammatory response, which increases lymph flow and vascular permeability. The purpose of this study was to look atpostmortem findings, bacterial cultures, and histology of vaccinated sheep to see how well they were protected. On 15 male local sheep bread, four prepared vaccinations against C. pseudotuberculosis biotype 1 were tested. The animals were divided into 5 groups; four of various vaccines used and the fifthwere kept non-vaccinated. A live virulent strain of C. pseudotuberculosis was given to each group. Unvaccinated animals displayed CLA symptoms similar to those seen in spontaneously sick animals. Postmortem examination findings, standard bacteriological culture methods were used to isolate C. pseudotuberculosis, as well as tissue preparation for histopathological sections.

Effect Of Fermented Rice Straw With Ecoenzymes On Digestibility of Dry Matter and Organic Matter In Local Sheep

Rice straw with abundant availability becomes very potential to be used as local sheep feed. Fermentation needs to be done to improve the nutritional quality of rice straw which is quite low. The nutritional content needs to be considered in order to support the productivity of sheep. Local sheep is one of the livestock commodities that provide meat. This study aimed to determine the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter feed based on rice straw (oryza sativa) fermented with ecoenzymes in male local sheep. The research was carried out in Namorambe, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra from January to March 2021 and at the Chemistry Postgraduate Laboratory, University of North Sumatra. The design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments consisted of P0 (100% odot grass without fermented rice straw), P1 (75% odot grass and 25% fermented rice straw), P2 (50% odot grass and 50% fermented rice straw), P3 (25% odot grass and 75% fermented rice straw), P4 (100% fermented rice straw without odot grass). The parameters observed were dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility. The results showed that the administration of fermented rice straw with ecoenzymes did not significantly affect the dry matter and organic matter digestibility of male local sheep. The conclusion of the study showed that the administration of fermented rice straw with ecoenzymes had the same dry matter and organic matter digestibility as odot grass.

The Effect of Fermented Rice Straw with Eco Enzyme on Percentage Non Carcas of Local Sheep

Most sheep are kept in the countryside as it is easy to maintain and have high economic value. This study aims to determine the effect of feeding fermented rice straw combine with odot grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv ) on the percentage of non-carcass of local sheep. Rice straw was fermented by eco enzyme. The research method used was a completely randomized design experiment (CRD) with five treatments and four replications while the treatments were given as P0 = 0% fermented rice straw, P1 = 25% fermented rice straw, P2 = 50% fermented rice straw, P3 = 75% fermented rice straw and P4= 100% fermented rice straw. Parameters observed were head weight percentage without skin, leg weight percentage without skin, skin weight percentage, tail weight percentage without skin, trachea and lungs weight percentage, liver weight percentage, heart weight percentage, blood weight percentage, intestine weight percentage, compound belly weight percentage. The results showed that the administration of 25% fermented rice straw combine with odot grass caused better non-carcass percentage, such as the percentage of skin, the percentage of the head without skin, the percentage of the leg without skin, the percentage of liver, the percentage of the heart, the percentage of the trachea and lungs, the percentage of the stomach compound and blood percentage. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the use of 25% fermented rice straw combine with odot grass on male local sheep give the best result on non-carcass and can be an alternative feed for sheep.

Impact of ammoniation rice straw treatment with direct-fed microbials and Hibiscus tiliaceus leaf meal supplemented in concentrate on local sheep performances

This study aimed to determine the interaction between ammoniation rice straw treatment using direct-fed microbial (DFM) and Hibiscus tiliaceus leaf meal (HTLM) supplementation on local sheep performance. Thirty-six local male sheep aged 2 years (28.01 ± 2.61 kg) fed with ammoniated rice-straw (ARS) treated with DFM and concentrate supplemented with HTLM were assigned randomly to receive nine treatments in an experiment of 3 x 3 factorial design. The first factor was the use of DFM with P0 = control, P1 = DFMAMS, and P2 = DFMRK, while the second was level of HTLM with W0 = 0%, W1 = 0.24% and W2 = 0.48% DM concentrate. Concentrates were fed 3% of sheep body weight, and ARS was prepared ad-libitum. The variables measured were final weight (FW), average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), dry matter digestibility (DMD), crude fiber digestibility (CFD), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and consumption rate (CR). There was significant interaction (P<0.05) between DFM and HTLM supplementation on the final FW, DMI, and CR (P<0.01), while ADG and FCR were not significant. Furthermore, DFM supplementation (P<0.05) on FCR, DMD, and CFD but not ADG. The lowest FCR was achieved in a combination of W2 and DFMRK, and ADG increased with the dose of HTLM. The highest ADG achieved was in the combination of DFMRK and W2. For DFM and HTLM, 0.48% of DFMRK and the level of HTLM improved local sheep performance and feed efficiency. It had a positive impact on the environment by minimizing methane production.

Performan Domba Lokal Jantan yang Diberikan Ransum Mengandung Pelepah Nipah Hasil Biofermentasi

This study aims to determine the effect of biofermented nipah fronds as a substitute for field grass on the performance of local male sheep. Fermented nipah fronds used in rations is the best fermented with a storage time of 15 days. The level of replacement of field grass with processed nipah palm fronds is 0, 10, 20 and 30 percent. This study used a randomized block design (RAK) with 4 treatments and was repeated 3 times. Treatment rations were arranged based on the body weight of male local sheep. The variables measured were ration consumption, body weight gain and ration conversion. The results showed that ration consumption, body weight gain and ration conversion had no significant effect (P&gt;0.05) due to the replacement treatment of fermented nipah midrib with can field grass. It was concluded that the nipah fronds produced by biofermentation with local microorganisms (MOL) can be used 10 – 30 percent in the rations as a substitute for field grass without reducing the performance of local male sheep.

Growth performance, nutrient intake, and microbial protein synthesis of Indonesian male sheep fed diets containing brewer residue

Industrial brewing companies produce a high quantity of solid residue rich in nutrient contents that can be utilized as a feed ingredient for fattening sheep. This study aimed to evaluate the optimal proportion between rice bran and brewer residue in Indonesian local sheep. The study was designed as a completely randomized block design with a basal diet consisted of 60% forage and 40% concentrate. In total, 15 male sheep were randomly allocated to receive one of three dietary treatments with five replicates in each (P1 = 70% rice bran + 30% brewer residue; P2 = 50% rice bran + 50% brewer residue; and P3 = 30% rice bran + 70% brewer residue). The parameters observed included nutrient intake, body weight gain, rumen microbial protein synthesis, and NH3 concentration. The results showed that brewer residue did not affect nutrient intakes, average daily gain (ADG), rumen pH, and microbial protein synthesis. However, replacing rice bran with 50% and 70% (inclusion rate of 19% and 29% in the diets, respectively) of brewer residue increased dry matter digestibility and NH3 concentration in the rumen. To conclude, brewer residue can be used up to 29% to replace 70% rice bran used in the diets of Indonesian male local sheep without negatively affected sheep's performance.

Fermentability of complete feed supplemented with different level of buffalo rumen contents as probiotic in balibul local sheep

The aim of the research was to study the effect of complete feed contained different level of buffalo rumen content as probiotic on feed fermentability of Balibul local sheep. Materials used in this study were 16 heads male local sheep under 5 months of age (Balibul), average body weight 11.58 + 0.77 kg. Experimental design used was completely randomized design (CRD), consisting 4 treatments and 4 replications. Treatments used were T0 (complete feed without buffalo rumen content supplementation), T1 (complete feed supplemented with 5% buffalo rumen content), T2 (complete feed supplemented with 10% buffalo rumen content) and T3 (complete feed supplemented with 15% buffalo rumen content). Parameters observed were VFA, NH3 and total proten production. Collected data were tested statistically using analysis of variance at 95% confidence interval. Result of the research showed that complete feed supplemented with different level of buffalo rumen content had significant difference (P<0.05) on total VFA and total protein production, but no significant difference (P>0.05) on NH3 production. Total VFA production of T0, T1, T2 and T3 treatments were 80.00; 112.50; 105.00 and 107.50 mM, respectively. NH3production of T0, T1, T2 and T3 treatments were 5.35; 6.29; 5.76 and 6.47 mM, respectively. Total protein production of T0, T1, T2 and T3 were 403.70; 471.44; 419.76 and 464.00 mg/g, respectively. It was concluded that 5% buffalo rumen content supplementation in complete feed resulting the best feed fermentability.

Nitrogen Metabolism and Microbial Protein Synthesis by Local Sheep Fed Diet Containing Hibiscus Leave Meal (HLM) with Different Direct-Fed Microbials (DFM) Supplementation

The interaction of Hibiscus Leaf Meal (HLM) and Direct-Fed Microbials (DFM) supplementation on nitrogen metabolism and rumen microbial synthesis by local sheep was investigated. Thirty six male local sheep aged ±2 years, weight 28.01±2.61 kg were fed concentrate (3% of body weight) supplemented with HLM twice a day, amoniated rice-straw (ARS) supplemented with DFM were given ad-libitum were assigned randomly to nine treatment in an experiment of 3×3 factorial design. The first factor (P) was DFM were supplemented in ARS (P0=without DFM, P1=DFMAMS, and P2=DFMRK). Second factor (W) was the level of HLM supplementation in concentrate (W0=0%, W1=0.24% and W2=0.48% of DM consentrate. The study measured variables including nitrogen digestibility (ND), nitrogen retention (NR), microbial protein synthesis (MPS), and Efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (EMPS). There were significant interaction between DFM and HLM suplementation on MPS and EMPS. However, the interaction of ND and NR was non-existent. Based on polynomial graph, the most efficient MPS was achieved on combination between DFMRK and 0.23% HLM about 8.70 gN/day. Despite the absence of interaction (P&gt;0.05) between DFM supplementation and HLM on KN and RN, DFM supplementation significantly affected (P&lt;0.01) Nitrogen metabolism (ND and NR). The treatment without DFM supplementation resulted the highest nitrogen metabolism (ND and NR). This study concludes that HLM without DFM suplementation positively impacted N Metabolism. Combination between 0.23% HLM and DFMRK resulted the most efficient Microbial Protein Synthesis.

Performance Of Local Sheep by the Application of Fermented Cassava Peel With Local Microorganism (MOL)

Cassava peel is a byproduct of the cassava processing factory. Cassava peel is very potential as an alternative feed source of energy for livestock. However, the use is not optimal because it contains anti-nutritional substances in the form of cyanide acid. Through fermentation technology, it is hoped that the anti-nutritional substances it contains can be eliminated so that the cassava peel can be utilized more optimally.This study aims to examine various doses of fermented cassava peels application with local microorganisms (MOL) on the performance of male local sheep. The study was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design (CRD), 4 treatments with 5 replications. The treatments given were P0 (ration without fermented cassava peels), P1 (25% fermented cassava peels in rations), P2 (50% fermented cassava peels in rations), and P3 (75% fermented cassava peels in rations). The parameters observed were feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion, and Income over Feed Cost (IOFC). The results showed that the application of fermented cassava peels by MOL in the ration had no significant effect (P&gt; 0.05) on feed consumption, body weight gain, and had a significant effect (P &lt;0.05) on feed conversion. The IOFC average is: P0 = IDR 449,769.00, P1 = IDR 457,745.00, P2 = IDR 505,481.00, and P3 = IDR 430,404.00. The results showed that fermented cassava peel can be given to livestock up to a dose of 50% with a higher advantage compared to other treatments.