Male Leaders Research Articles

Laki-Laki sebagai Sekutu Gerakan Feminis: Pelibatan Laki-Laki sebagai Strategi Gerakan Advokasi yang Dilakukan oleh Jaringan Masyarakat Sipil dalam Mendorong Pengesahan Undang-Undang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual

This research discusses the advocacy strategy carried out by the Civil Society Network (JMS) by involving men to push for the ratification of the TPKS Law. By referring to the theory of the strategic capacity of gender equality policy advocates by Htun and Weldon, JMS has used organizational capacity through strategies of (1) framing demands; (2) building networks, and (3) lobbying policymakers. This study uses a qualitative method by conducting in-depth interviews to obtain primary data and collecting secondary data through a study of documents including regulations, news, and previously existing scientific papers. The findings from this study indicate that JMS involves men in advocacy strategies that are carried out by utilizing the privileges of men. For instance, the involvement of male religious leaders to counter the narrative of rejection of the TPKS Law which considers the TPKS Law to be inconsistent with the religious and moral values of the Indonesian people. Apart from that, JMS also involves male legislators who have a strategic position as Chairperson of the TPKS Law Working Committee to help lobby other members of the Indonesian Parliament.

The Attitudes of Asian Anglicans towards Women Bishops and the Gender Beliefs that Influence Them

Abstract Regarding the ordination of women to higher spiritual leadership positions in the Anglican Church, existing studies have tended to focus on attitudes and perceptions in non-Asian countries and regions, thereby affecting the generalisability of their results to Asian countries such as Singapore. Working to close this gap, a small exploratory study using semi-structured interviews was conducted in Singapore. Eight Anglican parishioners were interviewed, and the transcripts were treated with thematic analysis. Overall, the findings suggest a seeming disconnect between attitudes towards gender equality in secular and faith-based workplaces, implying a social contextual influence on the transferability of an individual’s gender-equal attitudes across secular and religious spheres. Some participants sought to manage this disconnect through the conditional support of female bishops, hinged upon them remaining subject to higher male leadership.

An intersectional lens on young leaders: bias toward young women and young men in leadership positions.

Research has recognized age biases against young leaders, yet understanding of how gender, the most frequently studied demographic leader characteristic, influences this bias remains limited. In this study, we examine the gender-specific age bias toward young female and young male leaders through an intersectional lens. By integrating intersectionality theory with insights on status beliefs associated with age and gender, we test whether young female and male leaders face an interactive rather than an additive form of bias. We conducted two preregistered experimental studies (N1 = 918 and N2 = 985), where participants evaluated leaders based on age, gender, or a combination of both. Our analysis reveals a negative age bias in leader status ascriptions toward young leaders compared to middle-aged and older leaders. This bias persists when gender information is added, as demonstrated in both intersectional categories of young female and young male leaders. This bias pattern does not extend to middle-aged or older female and male leaders, thereby supporting the age bias against young leaders specifically. Interestingly, we also examined whether social dominance orientation strengthens the bias against young (male) leaders, but our results (reported in the SOM) are not as hypothesized. In sum, our results emphasize the importance of young age as a crucial demographic characteristic in leadership perceptions that can even overshadow the role of gender.

Gender differences in leaders’ crisis communication: a sentiment-based analysis of German higher education leaderships’ online posts

ABSTRACT This study examined the communication styles of rectors and vice-rectors of German public universities during the COVID-19 pandemic to explore the influence of gender on leadership communication. We collected data from social media and university websites; and analysed the language used to identify transformational, transactional, and servant leadership styles. Our results showed that female leaders demonstrated more positive communication than men and a stronger preference for transformational leadership, while male leaders tended to use a transactional style. Additionally, we found that both male and female leaders exhibited a high degree of empathetic concern for their stakeholders, contributing to the overall positive tone of communication. These findings suggest that gender may play a role in how university leaders communicate during times of crisis, highlighting the importance of inclusive and compassionate leadership in higher education.

Groups in pedestrian evacuation: Survey data on attitudes

Pedestrian evacuations can occur during special events where people gather in buildings or sporting arenas. People might attend such events with friends and family. The study of pedestrian behavior has evolved with many new studies that include pedestrian group behavior within their models to help determine the relevance of groups on the overall evacuation. This paper focuses on better understanding an individual's decision-making during an evacuation when they are responsible for leading others to safety, especially regarding group composition. Data were collected using questionnaires about an evacuation scenario of a church in the USA (Norfolk, Virginia), of which there were approximately 350 parishioner respondents. Analysis of results shows several interesting results: group leaders take fewer risks and want closer group cohesion when leading groups that include vulnerable members (i.e., children, disabled adults, or older persons); male leaders, though normally risk-takers are shown to want closer group cohesion during road interactions; and leaders of vulnerable groups were shown to be less likely to search for alternative exits when faced with a congested area. The results can potentially inform pedestrian evacuation simulation models to help better depict crowd behavior.

Who Needs More Love to Counter Loneliness? Female Versus Male Leaders

Who Needs More Love to Counter Loneliness? Female Versus Male Leaders

Rediscovering the Voices of ‘fanatick wives’: The Cultural Authority of Covenanting Women in Restoration Scotland

Laura Stewart’s Rethinking the Scottish Revolution frequently noted the important role played by women in shaping, driving, and sustaining the covenanting revolution of 1638–1651, and established new ground for examining female involvement in its political, ideological, and cultural legacies. Indeed, following the 1660 Restoration, Scottish politicians charged with managing public order would bemoan the dominant influence of ‘fanatick wives’ and ‘silly women’ over those around them and lament their leadership in public petitions, rabblings, and other forms of protest. With few notable exceptions, however, scholarship concentrating on this later period has often paid only limited attention to female nonconformity; noting women’s presence as tolerated wives or spiritual correspondents of male leaders without appreciation of their independent participation and leadership. Purposefully written out of – or sanctified – by many of the canonic sources relied upon by historians of the era and left unnamed in edited primary sources, secondary literature frequently depicts female activists as detached from male counterparts yet united by the prescribed piety and gendered expectations of past and present scholars alike. This article will use new archival evidence and revisit edited sources to rediscover the authoritative voices of female covenanters between 1637 and 1715. Moving discussion beyond ‘agency’ as a satisfactory explanation for female participation in conventicles and other expressions of dissent, it will conclude that these women’s cultural authority must be appreciated and integrated within future scholarship if we are to fully appreciate the true legacies of the covenanting revolution as a major, paradigmatic moment in Scottish History.

TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION OF A FEMALE MANAGER LEADERSHIP STYLE

The most important part of an organization, an institution or a school is the leadership and the person who did it called the leader. The leader is someone who can give big influence and also inspire the subordinate. Leadership is people-driven and the ability to inspire people helps to achieve the set goals of an organization (Lahti, 2013). Most of organization is sometimes lead by a male leader. Only a few that leads by the female leader. People believe that male is better than female in leading an organization. Kuchynkova (2015) reported that men tend to be more logical and rational with the requisite toughness, while women are more intuitive, sensitive and predisposed towards change and diplomacy. The writer conducted a descriptive qualitative study for this mini research. This study was conducted in order to get the teacher’s perception of female manager leadership style.

Tokenism in the workplace: does brand activism benefit LGBTQ+ employees in the hospitality industry?

PurposeHospitality firms adopted diverse hiring policies and public declarations of support for LGBTQ+ causes through brand activism. The impact of activism on LGBTQ+ employees’ workplace experiences has been ambiguous. This study aims to examine the hospitality and tourism employees’ perceptions of gay and lesbian leaders as token-hires among hospitality employees and the spillover effect on company’s motives for hiring the leaders. This study further explores LGBTQ+ employees’ reactions to token-hiring as a form of activism, and how workplace interactions as passing/revealing LGBTQ+ individuals shaped their career development.Design/methodology/approachThis research adopted a sequential mixed-methods design. An experiment examines how employees judge gay vs lesbian hospitality leaders as token hires, contingent on their own gender identity. It further tests the conditional mediation of tokenism on company’s egoistic motives for activism. A qualitative study explores the reactions to token-hiring as activism from the perspective of LGBTQ+ leaders who reflect on their own careers and workplace experiences.FindingsTokenism in the hospitality workplace is recognized as the phenomenon attributed to groups at the intersection of identities (e.g. gay men). Findings demonstrate the spillover effect of tokenism perceptions of gay male leaders by other men on company’s egoistic motives for activism. This effect is not observed for a lesbian female leader. Results from interviews suggest that hospitality and tourism LGBTQ+ employees predominantly take the post-gay vs political approach when managing their sexual identities at work and feel ambivalent toward token-hiring as LGBTQ+ brand activism.Originality/valueThis research contributes to understanding workplace challenges of LGBTQ+ employees and how they are perceived by others contingent on gender identity. It also explores the role of tokenism in their experiences.

The Perspective Makes the Leader: The Camera Perspective in a Leader Photograph Shapes Their Charismatic Effect and Observers’ Approval

Although politicians, top managers, or informal leaders like influencers have millions of followers, they are mostly known through photographs or videos. Especially in photographs, it is important to make a leader-like impression—both figuratively and physically. However, the role of camera angles on impression formation of leaders has not been studied so far. Across four experimental studies ( N = 2,474), we examined the effect of camera angles on the perception of leaders’ charisma, prototypical leader attributes and approval. Results showed that the perception of a male leader is influenced by the camera angle along the vertical axis. When leaders are viewed from above, compared to a perspective where followers look at them at eye-level, they are perceived as less charismatic and prototypical of their position, accompanied by a loss of approval, while the effect of the steep from below photographs were less clear (study 1 and 3). Moreover, we also point out boundary conditions such as eye-contact (study 1) and sex (study 2 and 3). When the leader's photograph was combined with a message of change for their organization, participants were less likely to support the leader specifically when they looked down on him (study 4). Our findings support the idea that camera angles shape an audience's perception of leaders, with steep high or low angle shots associated with lower approval. These results have implications for an embodiment approach to leaders’ charisma as well as applications for how leaders can effectively present themselves in the media and real-life settings.

End-user acceptability of a prototype digital stethoscope to diagnose childhood pneumonia- a qualitative exploration from Sylhet, Bangladesh

BackgroundConsidering the high frequency of respiratory infections among children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), the World Health Organization (WHO) developed a pragmatic guideline for managing pneumonia in low-resource settings. The guideline’s low specificity leads to many false-positive pneumonia cases receiving antibiotic treatment. Integrating diagnostic technology to incorporate lung sounds into WHO guidelines could improve childhood pneumonia diagnosis and management. This qualitative study aimed to explore the acceptability of a prototype digital stethoscope device among potential end-users in Bangladesh.MethodsWe conducted four focus group discussions (FGDs) with beneficiaries and service providers who used a 2018 digital stethoscope prototype. The data collection was conducted in November 2020. The study was carried out at Zakiganj Upazila (sub-district) of Sylhet district of Bangladesh. A total of 34 respondents, including parents of under-5 children, Community Health Care Providers (CHCPs), and community leaders were enrolled. Two researchers (TJ and a research assistant (not a co-author of this manuscript) conducted the FGDs. Verbatim transcripts were prepared, and translations were completed. Coding was executed in Microsoft Excel, and relevant quotes were extracted to ascertain the emerging themes. To ensure validity, two researchers coded the dataset independently and inconsistencies were resolved through discussion.FindingsMothers were more aware of the digital stethoscope than fathers. Except for the female community leaders, male leaders were unaware of the stethoscopes. Most CHCPs had positive perceptions of the digital stethoscope. They appreciated stethoscope training as they learned about new technology and diagnostic approaches. The users mentioned several technical shortcomings of the prototype device. A few stakeholders expressed dissatisfaction with the level of community involvement and information sharing from the study. The use of the device plummeted during the COVID-19 pandemic for fear of infection, to counteract which the CHCPs cleaned the device with chlorhexidine after every application as a precaution.ConclusionOverall, device use was supported by stakeholders despite perceptions that the prototype had some technological limitations, community engagement was suboptimal, and the COVID-19 pandemic caused disruptions. Stronger community engagement, addressing technological issues, and further research on its health systems application would improve the acceptability and effective use of the digital stethoscope.

Parallel lines? The homogeneous and gendered career patterns of senior leaders in policing in England and Wales

ABSTRACT Under-representation of women in policing is a global phenomenon, with considerable commonality in barriers to career success and differential career experiences compared to men. Through a comparative analysis utilising unique survey and interview data with female and male senior police leaders in England and Wales, this paper considers whether cultural and structural barriers persist and how they are experienced by gender; examines the challenges encountered en route to senior rank; and considers how similarities or differences by gender impact upon careers. The findings are considered to have world-wide relevance, demonstrating that those officers achieving seniority tend to share similar career experiences whatever their gender, particularly at the highest ranks. Leadership styles emerge as homogenous with agentic traits and traditional styles persisting. Costs to achieving higher rank appear to differ by gender however, and access to senior rank is revealed as dependent upon engaging in traditional behaviours including a long-hours culture and ensuring family does not reduce work capacity, effectively promoting a ‘child-tax’ upon female policing leaders. It thus appears that a widespread and global tacit acceptance of policing as a male-dominated profession endures, impacting on female advancement compared to men.

'We Should Not Be Quiet but We Should Talk': Qualitative Accounts of Community-Based Communication of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis.

Community leaders play an important role in the acceptance of public health services, but little is known about their willingness to facilitate HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) roll-out in Eswatini. We conducted in-depth interviews (n = 25) with purposefully selected male and female community leaders in Eswatini. We analysed our data inductively using a thematic analysis approach. Community leaders feel they are important communicators of culturally appropriate PrEP messaging. Our participants described a complex social space within their communities influenced by religion, tradition, values, and HIV stigma. Community leaders use their position to provide leverage for unique, effective, and easily accessible messages and platforms to reach the community in a manner that ensures trust, relatability, familiarity, and shared faith. Community leaders feel that they are trusted and see trust manifesting in the conversations they are able to engage in, and have a reach that extends beyond formal health services. Existing PrEP programming should embed community leader participation in PrEP programming and engage the trust, knowledge, and potential of community leaders to support PrEP uptake and acceptance.

A Study on School Leadership Effectiveness at Secondary Level in Punjab

Leadership is the art of motivating a group of individuals to do tasks in achieving desired goals. The leader is a source of inspiration for workers. The purpose of the study was to examine the school leadership effectiveness at the secondary level in Punjab. The study was quantitative in nature and survey design was used. Three hundred principals, headmasters and headmistresses of secondary schools of districts Hafiz Abad and Sargodha were the samples of the study. For data collection, an instrument that was based on three factors i.e. anticipation, alignment and action was used. Five educational experts ensured the validity of the instrument and the Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient value was 0.86. Mean, Standard Deviation, and independent sample t-tests were applied for analysis.The findings of the study revealed that there was a significant difference between male and female heads in school leadership effectiveness. Male leaders were better in school leadership effectiveness as compared to female leaders. Training is recommended for female leaders.

Leadership Traits in the Door of Opportunity and Teachers’ Perception of a Leader

The paper analyzes the attributes of a colonist or a leader in ‘The Door of Opportunity” aiming to investigate contemporary teachers’ perception of leadership characteristics: courage, intelligence, valuing oneself, knowledge, aesthetics sense and stereotype gender roles which are portrayed in “The Door of Opportunity”. It also focuses to evaluate the extent teachers are in line with the perception of leadership of the society presented in the story, and shown in Alban’s personality, the protagonist of the story. The study uses mixed method; quantitative and content analysis. Based on the results of the content analysis, a questionnaire is designed without referring to the story for the sake of objectivity. The results of the content analysis point out courage and masculinity as an important characteristic of a leader or colonist. The quantitative analysis through a questionnaire shows that a vast majority of the participants consider courage, intelligence, protecting people and good literary taste as positive leadership traits; while, feminine characteristics in male leaders and masculine features in female leaders are viewed negatively. The paper concludes that the participants’ views about stereotype roles of gender in a leader are somewhat compatible with Ann and the society’s perceptions in the text but incompatible with Alban’s stance on leadership qualities.

THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY, SUFISM, ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE AND JAVANESE TRADITION ON WOMEN

Islamic philosophy, Sufism, Islamic jurisprudence and Javanese traditions have their views on women. Some regard women as subordinate to men, some groups position women as equal to men, and others accept women as male leaders. This study aims to analyse the views of Islamic philosophy, Sufism, Islamic jurisprudence and Javanese traditions on women. This study is a literature review using qualitative methods. The data source was taken from the literature using primary sources as the main reference. The results indicated that Islamic philosophy represented by al-Fârâbî (870-950) and Sufism by Ibn Arabi (1165-1240) placed women in an equal position with men. Nevertheless, Islamic jurisprudence studies tend to place women below men. Meanwhile, the Javanese tradition encapsulates both views. On the one hand, the Javanese tradition places women as an important part of men, but on the other hand, it places women as men's assets. However, the Javanese tradition can accept women's leadership over men. Regarding this, this study recommends that Islamic philosophy and Sufism's perspectives on women should be socialized more to strengthen a balanced view of the relationship between women and men.

Instrumental leadership and creativity: cognitive mechanisms via problem-solving rumination and knowledge sharing with coworkers

PurposeThe present research aimed to develop and test cognitive processes through which instrumental leadership leads to creativity via problem-solving rumination and knowledge sharing with coworkers, based on the self-regulatory perspective of goal progress theory.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 166 male construction workers (nested within 19 male leaders) who completed the total of 1,642 daily diary questionnaires. Further, a group-mean centering approach and several control variables were used in order to improve causal inferences of the results.FindingsIt was found that instrumental leadership predicts problem-solving rumination (an intrapersonal self-regulatory process) and knowledge sharing with coworkers (an interpersonal self-regulatory process), which, in turn, result in creativity.Originality/valueIn addition to motivational processes that explain the relationships between several leadership styles and creativity, the current research found a crucial role of instrumental leadership in predicting creativity.

A Vision Without Borders: Magonismo and Mexican Women

Recent scholarship on the Magonista movement centers around the actions of the male leadership, without fully exploring their acceptance of women’s involvement. In fact, Mexican women, through this intelligentsia movement, were able to challenge social expectations and fully participate in political activism during the Mexican Revolution. As a result, Mexican women understood their political power, and were motivated to create radical movements of their own. In the end, Mexican women practiced a feminism that was concerned with multiple issues that impacted Mexican communities on both sides of the U.S-Mexico border. In this work, I closely analyzed contemporary speeches, correspondence and newspaper articles that have shown the Magonistas’ views on women and the women’s perceptions of themselves as revolutionaries. In essence, my work closely follows the theory of Feminism Transfronterizo, which connects the Mexican women's notion of feminism with their activism against racial discrimination and U.S imperialism, and their involvement in labor organizing. Overall, my work shows that Magonista ideals taught women to fight for their communities experiencing institutional oppressions. Additionally, the Magonistas' support and invitation for women, reinforced the idea of women’s worth as individuals and their potential for leadership. Thus, my work demonstrates that the Magonistas' vision for a more egalitarian society became universalistic with the inclusion of women. More importantly, Mexican women’s participation in the Magonista movement expanded their perceptions of feminism.

Token versus Team Work: Women in the Local Bodies of Nepal 2017

Taking the local elections data 1992, 1997 and 2017, and reviewing the development of institutions, the paper argues that the institutional shift has numerically boosted women from token to titled group in the local bodies of Nepal. It has provided a space to boost political leadership among women which does not necessarily lead to team work. Both formal and informal factors significantly hider women to make a team work. Party framework and anti-defection laws make elected women extremely loyal and accountable to the male dominated party leadership and limit their full participation. Similarly, mindset of the male political leaders and masculine social settings significantly prevents elected women to form a team work, and facilitates for full and meaningful participation in the local bodies. However, there are many hopes and aspirations that increase women as a titled and potential group helping them to push for women friendly policies based on how they negotiate with their male counterparts.

‘It Was Just the Club from Nowhere:’ The Montgomery Bus Boycott, the Gastro-Politics of Black Domestic Women, and Liberation Theology Futures

This article posits Georgia Gilmore and the “Club to Nowhere”—a crucial fundraising arm of the Montgomery Bus Boycott—as a critical vector in a larger tradition in the U.S. In Black movements for Black liberation, food and food production are engaged as a communal pedagogy for constructing agency, behavioral reform, economic power, resistance, and sustainable social transformation. While Montgomery preachers made speeches, activists strategized, and male leaders debated the place of women in the Black liberation project, Gilmore and her cadre of Black women domestics secured thousands of dollars to fund the movement by selling soul food staples. Through their labor, “The From Nowhere” transformed the socio-political and epistemological positionality of Black domestic women into a valuable intellectual resource for generating a movement for social change. Consequently, Gilmore reminds contemporary and future liberation theologians that interrogating and re-envisioning our epistemologies is essential to sustainable revolutionary social praxes. Working at the juncture of history, ethics, and critical theory, I look to Gilmore and “The Club from Nowhere” for historical reflection on the intersections of food, race, gender, and the future of liberation theologies.