Male Holotype Research Articles

CONTUMACIOUS BEASTS: A STORY OF TWO DIASTYLIDAE (CUMACEA) FROM ARCTIC WATERS

Abstract A full description of the subadult male holotype of the diastylid Ektonodiastylis robusta, new genus, new species, is presented, as well as of the adult male and adult female of E. nimia. Ektonodiastylis nimia is transferred from Brachydiastylis to Ektonodiastylis. The family definition of Diastylidae is expanded. The implications of this expansion on the systematics of the Cumacea in general, and Diastylidae and Gynodiastylidae in particular, are discussed.

Rediscovery of the New Zealand diving beetle Rhantus plantaris Sharp, and notes on the south west Australian R. simulans Régimbart, with an identification key (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)

The New Zealand diving beetle Rhantus plantaris Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae), although comparatively large (10.0–10.5 mm), has not been reported since its description. Until this publication, only the male holotype was known. It has been questioned whether this species was a part of the New Zealand fauna. The rediscovery of the species is reported, based on a small series collected from near Christchurch. The specimens were taken from a roadside pond at about sea level. Collection details and distributional notes are given for the rare south western Australian species Rhantus simulans Régimbart, 1908 which appears to be a peatland swamp specialist. An illustrated key to the New Zealand and Australian Rhantus species is included.

Brachistosternus telteca (Scorpiones, Bothriuridae), una nueva especie de la República Argentina

Brachistosternus telteca (Scorpiones, Bothriuridae), a new species from Argentina. The new species B. telteca is described. It occurs in Argentina, in the province of Mendoza (Departamento Lavalle). The male holotype was collected in the Telteca reserve. The new species does not belong to any of the subgenera described for the genus, due to its trichobothrial pattern.

<i>Scythris saarelai</i> sp. n. from southern Spain and further records of <i>Scythris mariannae</i> Bengtsson, 1991 with a new synonym (Lepidoptera: Scythrididae)

Scythris saarelai sp. n. is described from southern Spain. Three males and two females were collected by net in late March and early April 1998 on hot, dry slopes in two different localities. The small, dark moth is difficult to separate from many other scythridids without examining the genitalia.
 Three further specimens (2 ♂♂, 1 ♀) of Scythris mariannae Bengtsson, 1991, a species previously known only by the male holotype, were found in Spain, prov. Malaga. The external appearance of these specimens differs from the habitus of the holotype. However, the male genitalia are identical. The examination of the female genitalia was showed that Scythris annae Bengtsson, 1997 syn. n. is a junior synonym of S. mariannae.

A troglomorphic geophilomorph centipede from southern France (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha: Geophilidae)

Geophilus persephones n. sp. is described based on a male holotype from the cave Gouffre de la Pierre Saint-Martin (France). The species is the first troglomorphic and possibly troglobitic geophilomorph thus far known, with very elongated antennae and legs, and abundant sensory setae. Affinities are discussed with the aid of a cladistic analysis. The holotype exhibits striking degenerative traits and developmental anomalies.

Redescrições e notas sobre duas espécies de Cyrtoneurininae (Diptera, Muscidae)

Redescription is made for Cyrtoneurina geminata (Stein, 1904), herein considered as a good species (not synonym of Cyrtoneurina gemina as stated in Carvalho et al. 1993). The type-scries of Paracyrtoneurina gluta (Giglio-Tos, 1893) (see Pamplona in press) is analysed and the male holotype and a female paratype are redescribed.

Galeicles kooymani sp.n. a New Grasshopper (Eumastacoidea: Thericleidae: Afromastacinae) from Chad Republic

-The genus Galeicles was described by Descamps (1977). He included in the genus two species. G. teocchii Descamps (as type species) and G. parvulus Descamps, both from the Central African Republic. In the present paper a new species G. kooumani is described from Chad. Galeicles kooymani sp. n. Figs. 7-9, 12,13, and 15 Type.-Holotype male. CHAD, Handa park, nr. Sarh, 23.III.1991 Kooyman Natural Hisory Museum, London (NHM) Description and Diagnosis.-MALE. Size small. Differs from G.parvulus to which it is related most closely, in slightly more slender build, more acute apex of head (compare Figs. 6 and 9) and detailed structure of external genitalic appendages (compare Figs. 7, 8 with 1, 2, and 4, 5). Lobes of last abdominal tergite smaller than those of G. parvulus. Coloration brownish, with paler areas; head and apex of abdomen with darker brown maculation. Sub-ocular spot on cheeks light brown; hind femur pale yellowish-green, hind tibiae bluish-green basally, yellowish apically. FEMALE. Exhibits rather more distinctive diagnostic features than male. Ovipositor valves shorter (Figs. 12, 13), with fewer teeth than in G. parvulus (Figs. 10,11). Tooth on upper outer apical corner of hind knee in sp.n. (Fig.15) less acute than in G. parvulus)(Fig.14). General coloration green to bluishgreen; subocular spot on cheeks a contrasting bright scarlet. Median dorsal band narrow but strong, contrasting yellowishwhite, bordered with black. Hind femora the colour of body, lunules of hind knee brown; hind tibiae greenish basally, brownish, apically. Measurements (mm).-Male: Size small, length of body 9 mm, hind femur 7x1.7 mm, pronotumn 1.8 mm long by 2.2 mm high. Female: Size nearly twice size of male length of body 1617 mm, hind femur 8x2.3 mm, pronotum 2.7 mm long x 4 mm high. Distribution.Known only from Republic of Chad, West Africa. Specimens examined.Besides male holotype all paratypes. Same data as holotype but 2 females, 23 vii 1991 Kooyman NHM Discussion.-Closely agrees with Descamps (1977) criteria of his tribe Galecleini (Afromastacinae) and the detailed description of the genus Galeicles Descamps 1977, based so far on two species G. teocchi Descamps 1977 from Central African Republic and G. parvulus Descamps 1977 from Cameroon and Zaire. The new species from southern Chad is structurally fairly close to its congeners; the principal distinction is in the much shorter length of the median lobes of the last abdominal tergite and the shape of the subgenital plate, the pattern of the lateral pronotal lobe is also distinctive. (Compare Figs 1-3b with a and c). The new species extends the recorded distribution of the genus almost to the northernmost limit of the distribution of Thericleidae in western Africa as represented by Adelothericles nigeriae Descamps, 1977 in Gombe, northern Nigeria. The new species is dedicated to its collector, Dr. Christiaan Ko yman of D.F.P.V., AGRHYMET, Niamey, Niger.

New species of flea (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) from Spain.

The male holotype and female allotype of Echidnophaga iberica Ribeiro, Lucientes, Osacar & Calvete, a new species of rabbit flea from the Zaragoza area, northeastern Spain, is described on the basis of examination of a type series of six males and 13 females. Similarities of the new species with other species of the genus Echidnophaga are discussed and a key to identification of the four known Mediterranean species of the genus is provided.

The systematic position ofMoana expansa(Homoptera: Cicadidae), with reference to sound organs and the higher classification of the superfamily Cicadoidea

A recently discovered male of the cicada Moana expansa from Upolu Island, Western Samoa, allowed a full description of this species; the only other adult specimen known is the damaged male holotype. Phylogenetic analysis, based upon study of the new specimen, shows that M. expansa was incorrectly placed in a separate subfamily Moaninae of the Cicadidae. The genus Moana proved to be the sistergroup of Aceropyga. Three species constituting the Aceropyga aluana group, A. aluana, A. novaeirelandicae and A. obliqua, are transferred to Moana. A cladogram for Moana and the species (groups) of Aceropyga is presented. Some critical comments are given on the classification of the Cicadoidea, which is mainly based upon absence or presence of tymbal and accessory sound organs and related structures.

An abnormal, parasitized pseudoscorpion—holotype ofPedalocreagris tethysĆurčić (=Bisetocreagris ussuriensis(Redikorzev), n.syn.) (Arachnida: Chelonethi: Neobisiidae)

The holotype male of the pseudoscorpion Pedalocreagris tethys Ćurčić, 1985 has been re-examined and found to be parasitized by an unidentified nematode. The supposed absence of the tactile seta of the telotarsus of leg IV in this species is shown to be a teratology, affecting only right leg IV of the holotype. Pedalocreagris Ćurčić, 1985 is synonymized with Bisetocreagris Ćurčić, 1983; Pedalocreagris tethys, the type species, is shown to be a junior subjective synonym of Bisetocreagris ussuriensis (Redikorzev, 1934).

Osrhoes coronta Druce, the New World palaeosetid moth: A reappraisal, with description of a new type of female genital apparatus (Lepidoptera, Exoporia)

AbstractThe monobasic Colombian genus Osrhoes is redescribed on the basis of the male holotype and a female paratype of O. coronta Druce, 1900. Osrhoes is unique among the exoporian moths so far known in having a long internal duct from the ductus bursae to a chamber adjacent to the ovipore, a functional analogy of the 'ductus seminalis' of ditrysian Lepidoptera; the subgenital plates are very large and completely fused in the midline, i.e., there is no 'intergenital cleft'. Strong reasons for retaining Osrhoes in the non-ditrysian grade are the homoneurous venation and large forewing jugal lobe, while apomorphies supporting its assignment to the Exoporia-Hepialoidea include, e.g. its elongate intercalary sclerite, postapical Rs3, male genitalia with typical hepialoid hinged juxta/trulleum complex and lack of sclerotized phallus. The absence of inter-M crossveins and the extreme reduction of the maxillae are currently considered diagnostic traits of the family Palaeosetidae, which is otherwise represented by three small Australasian genera. The wing proportions and absence of a forewing 'anal loop' in Osrhoes probably also indicate relationships to palaeosetids. Although the status of the crossvein character as an apomorphy is debatable, it is preferred at present to uphold the tentative àssignment of Osrhoes to the Palaeosetidae.

The Second Collection of, and Variation in, the Rare Neotropical Toad Bufo peripatetes

In 1923, Helen Thompson Gaige collected a single, large (70 mm snout-vent length) male toad (UMMZ 58430) from the Atlantic slopes of upland western Panama (above Boquete, Chiriqui Province on the trail to Almirante, 1500 m). This animal was considered to be Bufo simus by Taylor (1951). Savage (1972) showed that the name B. simus cannot be applied to any North or Central American species, and proposed that the Panama toad represented a distinct species, B. peripatetes. Recently, our attention was directed to a series of toads obviously conspecific with the holotype of B. peripatetes from a second locality, Cerro Bollo, about 80 km ESE of the type locality, on the border between Chiriqui and Bocas del Toro Provinces, about 23 km NNE of San Felix, Chiriqui Province in the area of Escopeta Camp, between 1800-1856 m. These toads were collected during June and July 1980 by R. J. Izor. This sample (USNM 297523-34) includes a series of five adult females (USNM 297525-29), four juveniles (USNM 297523, 297530, 297532, 297534), and three adult males (USNM 297524, 297531, 297533), and permits us to present information on variation, including ontogenetic changes and sexual dimorphism for the species. The toads from Cerro Bollo agree with the holotype (condition in parentheses) except that: (1) the thenar tubercle is wider than the palmar tubercle in five examples, and as wide as the palmar in one (palmar larger than thenar); and (2) the length of the parotoid gland is greater than 75% of the upper eyelid length in seven toads (length of parotoid 75% upper eyelid length). As predicted by Savage (1972), there is marked sexual size dimorphism; females are longer (SVL) than males with proportionally smaller parotoid glands, shorter heads, and longer tibiae (Table 1). The color pattern of males from Cerro Bollo is similar to that of the holotype. The dorsa are uniform tan; the dorsal surfaces of the limbs are tan, with or without vague darker blotches or spots (Fig. 1); the flanks have vague gray marks or distinct dark spots in the groin; the posterior thigh is tan with a few dark spots near the knee, and there is an ocellus-like spot at the knee (light spot completely surrounded by black) in USNM 297531; and the ventral surfaces are tan with a few dark spots on the chest and legs. According to Izor's field notes, the dorsal color of the males is lemon yellow in life. When originally seen two years after preservation, the males were pale yellow and areas now tan or light brown in preservative were of this hue in life. The male holotype (UMMZ 58430) may have been yellow in life but no mention of color is included in the field notes that originally accompanied the specimen. This example has more dark pigment on the groin and thigh areas than the Bollo males, but otherwise does not differ from them

Descriptions of oriental Perlini (Plecoptera: Perlidae)

Three new species of Oriental Perlini are described and Agnetina aequalis (Banks) and A. quadrituberculata (Wu) are redescribed. Agnetina jarai sp. n. (Vietnam), Togoperla shan sp. n. (Thailand), and Tyloperla schmidi sp. n. (Assam), are described, compared with related congeners, and male holotypes are designated for each species.

Two New and One Rare Species of Bothid Flounders from Saya de Malha Bank, Indian Ocean (Teleostei: Pleuronectiformes)

Two new bothid species (Engyprosopon hensleyi and Arnoglossus sayaensis), and another (Parabothus malhensis) previously known only from a male holotype, are described from material recently collected from the western Indian Ocean (Saya de Malha Bank). Engyprosopon hensleyi differs from all known cogeners in having a more slender body, larger number of gill rakers, dark pectoral fins in males and a pair of dark spots on the caudal fin. Arnoglossus sayaensis is distinguished from other known species by a combination of meristic and morphometric characters as well as a unique caudal-fin color pattern that consists of a dark band and six dark spots. Parabothus malhensis is redescribed on the basis of female as well as male specimens. Generic placement is confirmed and sexual dimorphism (interorbital width) is noted for this species for the first time.

Contribución al conocimiento de los ectricodinos americanos. Notas sobre Rhiginia y Pothea

Se describen las nuevas especies de Ectrichodiinae, Rhiginia willinki y R. aimara, del Perú y Pothea (Brachypothea) andina de Bolivia. Se describe e ilustra la genitalia masculina de Pothea (Brachypothea) carvalhoi Carpintero 1980, del Brasil. Se declaran Rhiginia guttata Carpintero y R. argentina Carpintero sinónimos de R. corrugata y R. ruficoria Maldonado, respectivamente. Se presenta una clave para las especies en Pothea (Brachypothea).

Notes on Plecoptera (20)Protonemura towadensis(Kawai, 1954)

The genitalia of the male holotype of P. towadensis (from Honshu) are illustrated. The distinction from P. ermolenkoi Zhiltzova, 1982 (from Sachalin and the South Kurile Islands) is discussed.

Redescription ofChaetocladius glacialis(Lundström, 1915) comb nov.

The damaged male holotype of Hydrobaenus glacialis Lundstrom, 1915 is redescribed and transferred to the genus Chaetocladius Kieffer. The male imago is readily distinguished by the reduced antenna with 10–11 flagellomeres and by hypopygial features. The similarities with the H. lugubris group in all likelihood are due to common adaptations to ground mating.

The shield-backed katylids of Southern Africa: their taxonomy, ecology and relationships to the faunas of Australia and South America (Orthoptera : Tettigoniidae : Tettigoniinae)

This paper reviews the shield-backed katydids (Tettigoniinae, formerly the Decticinae, see Rentz (1979, 1985) for discussion) of southern Africa. Types of all taxa, except one, have been examined and extensive generic reassignments and species' synonymies are made. The tettigoniine faunas of southern Africa, Australia, and South America are analysed and discussed. It is concluded that the faunas of South America and Australia are closer to one another than to that of southern Africa, although the three are related. They are attributed to an ancient Gondwanaland fauna which is reflected in the known distribution of the southern African genera. These are shown to be related to the North American genus Neduba and its relative Aglaothorax. Discussion of analogus structures is presented and Aglaothorax is brought out of synonymy with Neduba on the basis of morphological and cytological evidence. Seventeen species are described, in seven genera; three genera are described as new. Arytropteris Herman is restricted to three species: A. basalis (Walker) is used for A. semiaeneus of authors. Thyreonotus semiaeneus Serville is transferred to a new genus, Alfredectes. A. excisa Peringuey is a new synonym of Arytropteris granulithorax Peringuey. A. pondo is described as a new species. Zuludectes is described to include one species, Z. modestus Peringuey, formerly in Arytropteris. Anarytropteris Uvarov includes two described species: A. fallax Uvarov and A. chirinda, sp. nov., both from Zimbabwe; four specimens are listed as potentially representing distinct species. Namaquadectes is described to include a single species, N. irroratus (Peringuey), known only from the female holotype. Ceresia includes a single species, C. pulchripes Peringuey, represented by the male holotype. Thoracistus Pictet is shown to have three distinct species-groups: the arboreus Group contains a single new species, T. arboreus; the viridifer Group contains T. viridifer (Walker) which includes Arytropteris intricata Peringuey, A. plebeia Peringuey as new synonyms; the peringueyi Group includes T. peringueyi Pictet and T. aureoportalis, T. semeniphagus, T. viridicrus, T. thyraeus, T. jambila which are all described as new. A species represented by females is noted but not described.Alfredectes, gen. nov., includes the earliest described species, Thyreonotus semiaeneus Serville, from the Cape of Good Hope; A. browni, sp. nov., is described and a single species represented by a female is listed but not described. Keys and tables are presented for all species and all taxonomically important structures are illustrated. Karyotypes are presented for Thoracistus aureoportalis, T. semeniphagus, T. viridicrus, T. viridifer.

Notes on plecoptera (16)Tylopygeklapálek, a synonym ofParagnetinaklapálek

The holotype male of Tylopyge planidorsa Klapalek, 1913, the type species of genus Tylopyge Klapalek, 1913 is redescribed. It is a distinctive species of Paragnetina. Genus Tylopyge is a synonym of Paragnetina Klapalek, 1907.

Records and descriptions of oriental neoperlini (Plecoptera: Perlidae)

Three new species of Oriental Neoperla are described and N. microtumida Wu & Claassen is figured and recorded for the first time since the original description in 1934. N. han, sp. n. (Hong Kong), N. mnong sp. n. (Vietnam and Thailand) and N. yao, sp. n. (Vietnam and China) are described and holotype males are designated for each species. Additional records of Phanoperla malayana Zwick, P. simplex Zwick and N. gordonae Stark are given.