Male Holotype Research Articles

A master in disguise? The rediscovery of Misumena bicolor Simon, 1875 (Araneae: Thomisidae)

Misumena bicolor Simon, 1875, an enigmatic species known only from the male holotype collected on Corsica (France), has remained elusive since its initial description. In this study, we report new occurrences of M. bicolor from Sardinia (Italy) and Bavaria (Germany) based on male material, considerably expanding its known distribution. Employing an integrative taxonomic approach encompassing both morphological and COI (barcode) analyses, we confirm M. bicolor as a valid species. As the male of M. bicolor apparently has a distinct coloration, we complement the known distributional data with possible sightings of photographic observations from various naturalist portals and hereby provide additional evidence for the establishment of the species on the French mainland and in Germany.

Redescription of the male of Pelecorhynchus vulpes (Macquart) and first description of the male terminalia (Diptera: Pelecorhynchidae)

Macquart (1850) provided the original description of Pelecorhynchus vulpes (= Pangonia vulpes) based on a holotype male from Chile. His description is brief and lacks many morphological details. Therefore, herein we redescribe, in far greater detail, the holotype male of Pelecorhynchus vulpes (Macquart) and describe and illustrate, for the first time, the morphology of the male terminalia.

On so-called ‘Crimean’ Parnassius apollo breitfussi Bryk, 1914 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

Parnassius apollo (Linnaeus, 1758), known from the Crimea by only few historical specimens, declared here as a species erroneously placed into the Crimean fauna. This erroneous placement was based on mislabelled specimens. We prove that Parnassius apollo breitfussi Bryk, 1914, is a junior subjective synonym of P. apollo suevicus Pagenstecher, 1909, which material in fact was mislabelled over a century ago. We also show that the label ‘Djankoi’ under male holotype of P. apollo breitfussi appeared after 1966 but not when the subspecies was described.

On the Mexican trapdoor spiders: description of a new species of the spider genus Eucteniza Ausserer (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae) from the western coast of Mexico

The trapdoor spider genus Eucteniza Ausserer, 1875 is distributed in North America, with most diversity in Mexico. In this work, a new species is described from the Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve, Jalisco, Mexico: Eucteniza cuixmala sp. nov., was collected from a dry tropical deciduous forest in the western coast of Mexico. The species is described only from the male holotype. Of the 14 species of Eucteniza described so far, eight have been described based only on the male holotype. The description of this new species increases the diversity of the genus to 15 known species, 14 of which are found in Mexico, two in the USA, and one in both countries: E. relata (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895). In addition, we provide an amended taxonomic identification key for males of the genus.

First description of the females of Qinorapalaqinlingana Chou & Wang, 1995 (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) from Shaanxi and Sichuan Provinces, western China.

The family Lycaenidae is a widely distributed and species-rich group with approximately 5300 described species. The rare genus Qinorapala Chou & Wang, with Q.qinlingana Chou & Wang as its type species was established as monotypic. In the original description, Q.qinlingana was described from a male holotype; the female remained unknown. To date, the genus is only recorded from the Qinling Mountains (Shaanxi and Gansu Provinces). In this study, two female specimens, from Shaanxi Province and western Sichuan Province (bordering Yunnan Province) are described and illustrated for the first time. Female specimens of Q.qinlingana from Shaanxi and Sichuan are described for the first time. The species' distribution is updated and a distribution map is provided.

Expanded morphological description of the Drogons False Garden Lizard, Pseudocalotes drogon (Squamata: Agamidae) from Peninsular Malaysia.

Species in the genus Pseudocalotes are generally rare and known only from a few specimens. Pseudocalotes drogon was described based on a single male from Frasers Hill, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. During a recent field survey at Frasers Hill, a female specimen was collected and identified as P. drogon based on morphological characters and a molecular phylogenetic analysis. The morphological description of P. drogon is expanded here, based on the male holotype and the newly collected female specimen.

Description of a new species of Deinodryinus from Ecuador: D. hubeni sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae).

A new species of Deinodryinus Perkins, 1907, D. hubeni sp. nov., is described from Ecuador, Tungurahua Province. The new species can be recognized by having the antennal setae shorter than breadth of antennomeres, the face completely sculptured by subparallel longitudinal keels, the paramere with distal extremity covered with sensorial lamellae and with inner proximal branch covered with lamellae and wrapping penis. The male holotype is compared with the known males of all other Neotropical species of the same genus. The key to the Neotropical males of Deinodryinus is modified to include this new species.

On a Remarkable New Genus and Species of Alpheid Shrimps (Malacostraca: Decapoda: Caridea) from the Tropical Western Atlantic

Synalpheopsis gen. nov. is established for a remarkable new alpheid species, Synalpheopsis laureae sp. nov., presently known only from the male holotype collected at 111–162 m east of La Désirade, Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles. Synalpheopsis gen. nov. peculiarly combines features of two genera, Alpheopsis Coutière, 1897 and Synalpheus Spence Bate, 1888; however, it is presumably closer to the former genus. The new genus is characterised by the moderately developed orbital hoods, well-developed rostrum and orbital teeth, sixth pleonite without articulated flap, tip of the third maxilliped with crown of spiniform setae, chelipeds with two strong teeth on distolateral margin and lacking snapping mechanism on finger cutting edges, and gill formula without mastigobranchs and setobranchs.

A new freshwater amphipod (Amphipoda, Gammaridae) from the Fakıllı Cave, Düzce Türkiye: Gammarus kunti sp. nov.

Aquatic species (such as fish, amphipods, isopods, hirudineans etc.) adapted to environmental conditions can live in caves connected to groundwater. The species of Niphargus and Gammarus are the most commonly encountered amphipods in caves. Türkiye is very rich in terms of karst areas and is home to more than 2000 known caves. Fakıllı Cave, located in Düzce Province in the Western Anatolian Region, has a length of 1071 m. A new amphipod species belonging to the Gammarus genus has been identified from the cave and named as Gammarus kuntisp. nov. Some of the characteristic features of the newly-identified species can be listed as “Medium-large size; smooth body, well-developed and reniform eyes; non-prolonged extremities; antennal gland cone is straight and long; second antenna with setose peduncular and flagellar segments; medial palmar spine present; posterior margin of pereopod 3 densely setose; anterior margins of pereopods 6 and 7 armed with spines only; epimeral plates not pointed”. Although the mentioned features are generally seen in epigean species, the members of this species were sampled from the dark zone of the Fakıllı Cave. The partial sequences of the COI (573 bp) and 28S (914 bp) genes of the newly-described species, Gammarus kuntisp. nov., were generated. The pairwise genetic distances between the new species, Gammarus kunti sp. nov. and other species ranged from a minimum of 16.23% (G. tumaf) to a maximum of 28.27% (G. roeselii) for the COI gene and a minimum of 0.88% (G. tumaf) to a maximum of 6.81% (G. balcanicus) for the 28S gene. Phylogenies generated by the NJ and ML methods, based on the combined data, assigned the new species as an independent lineage with high support values. In addition, the ASAP method identified the new species as a single MOTU independent of other species. G. tumaf and G. baysali are the sister taxa of G. kuntisp. nov. Detailed descriptions and drawings of the extremities of the male holotype and the female allotype are given and the morphology of the newly-identified species is compared with its relatives.

The Australian issid planthopper genus Orinda Kirkaldy, 1907: New subgenera, new species, host plant and identification key (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae)

A new subgenus of Orinda Kirkaldy, 1907, Montorinda subgen. nov., is described to accommodate two new species from southeastern Queensland, O. (Montorinda) eungellana sp. nov. from Eungella National Park and O. (Montorinda) montana sp. nov. from Mount Walsh National Park. The new species are compared to the other species of the genus and a new subgenus Scapulorinda subgen. nov. is described to accommodate Orinda (Scapulorinda) scapularis (Jacobi, 1928), leaving a single species in the subgenus Orinda: O. (Orinda) lucindae (Kirkaldy, 1906). Illustrations of the male holotype, a female paratype and male genitalia are provided for both new species as well as habitus and wing of O. (Scapulorinda) scapularis (Jacobi, 1928), the most closely related species, for comparison. The type series of the O. (Montorinda) montana sp. nov. was collected on Grevillea whiteana Mc Gill. (Proteaceae). The genus Orinda is only recorded from Queensland and now contains four species.

Lithoscaptus aquarius sp. nov. (Decapoda: Cryptochiridae) Described from a Catalaphyllia jardinei (Scleractinia) out of the Aquarium Trade

A new species of gall crab collected from elegance coral, Catalaphyllia jardinei, is described in this paper. The male holotype was collected from a reef tank in Germany in 2016, and it is described here using integrative taxonomy. This species, named Lithoscaptus aquarius sp. nov., is the thirteenth assigned to the genus. It is morphologically and phylogenetically closest to Lithoscaptus semperi, a cryptochirid associated with Trachyphyllia geoffroyi. Like L. semperi, it has a large, broad W-shaped depression on the anterior half of the carapace, but the carapace surface of L. aquarius sp. nov. is smooth overall, lacking spines or tubercles. This new species is so named because it was found in a reef tank after searching in vain for material during fieldwork campaigns over the course of several years.

Revision of the Neotropical genera Sumichrastia Townsend, 1916 and Myioscotiptera Giglio-Tos, 1893, with a new junior synonym proposal (Tachinidae: Dexiinae: Dexiini)

ABSTRACT Sumichrastia Townsend, 1916, and Myioscotiptera Giglio-Tos, 1893, monotypic genera of Dexiini restricted to the Neotropical Region, are revised. A redescription and photographs of the female holotype of Sumichrastia aurea (Giglio-Tos, 1893), in addition to the first recognition, description and photographs of the male are given. This genus belongs to the group of Dexiini with spine-like setae on the abdomen. Furthermore, a redescription and photographs of male holotype are given for Myioscotiptera cincta Giglio-Tos, 1893, in addition to a new specific synonym: Oberonomyia palpalis Reinhard, 1964 new junior synonym of M. cincta. Updated diagnoses are given for Sumichrastia and Myioscotiptera to help differentiate them from the other Dexiini genera. Finally, a brief biography of the collector of both holotypes, the Swiss naturalist François Sumichrast, is given. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D7147DE5-BA93-4B32-9D16-0C53CB80D2F5

Orthochirus stockwelli (Lourenço & Vachon, 1995)'nin Morfolojisi Üzerine ve Dişinin İlk Deskripsiyonu (Scorpiones: Buthidae)

Orthochirus stockwelli (Lourenço & Vachon, 1995) was originally described based on male holotype specimen from Bandar-Abbas (Hormozgan) under the genus Paraorthochirus. The morphology of this species is redescribed here based on the specimens collected from Bandar-Abbas on the basis of both sexes. The original description includes a female, but very little information was given on its morphology and does not include illustration belonging to the female. Therefore, the female is described for the first time in this study.

New Acantharadus and Kema species (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Aradidae) from Halmahera Island, Indonesia

Acantharadus flora sp. n. and Kema pamae sp. n. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Aradidae: Mezirinae) from Halmahera Island, Indonesia are described and figured. Photos of the male holotypes of K. bloetei Usinger et Matsuda, 1959 and K. papuasica Kormilev, 1971 and non-type females of A. quaternarius (Bergroth, 1886), male and female of K. acutissima Kormilev, 1971 as well as a female of K. lobulata (Kormilev, 1953) are presented, with comments and a key to Kema species. A. quaternarius is reported from Sumatra for the first time.

Acrida bara, synomymous with A. sulphuripennis (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Acridinae)

The male holotype of Acrida bara Steinmann, 1963 from the Budapest collection (HNHM) was studied and found to be identical to Acrida sulphuripennis (Gerstaecker, 1869). Consequently, Acrida bara syn. nov. is synonymized with A. sulphuripennis.

On the genus Ammonius Thorell, 1899 (Mygalomorphae, Barychelidae): description of the female of A. pupulus, a new species and new distribution records

Among the 40 genera of Barychelidae, only nine genera are described from the African continent. Thorell (1899) described Ammonius Thorell, 1899 based on a male from Cameroon. In 1965 Benoit added more information from the holotype, with detailed illustrations of the male palp bulb and the eye group. Since then, few taxonomic revisions or new species of Barychelidae have been proposed from the African continent. Ammonius can be distinguished by the strongly pronounced retrolateral lobe of the male cymbium and the aspect of the bilobed spermathecae of the female. We redescribe the holotype male of A. pupulus Thorell, 1899 and describe the female for the first time. Additionally, a new species is described: Ammonius benoiti sp. nov., from Ivory Coast. The morphology of the tarsal setae is presented through SEM photographs. New distribution records of the genus are provided.

First report of a coreid bug Aurelianus yunnananus Xiong, 1987 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae) from India

Aurelianus yunnananus Xiong, 1987 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomomorpha: Coreidae: Coreinae: Mictini) is reported for the first time from India. It was collected from Tripura, in the eastern part of our country. Brief redescription and several photos, including those of the male genitalia, are provided along with the images of the male holotype and female allotype. This report also adds the genus Aurelianus to the known Indian Coreidae genera.

A new species of the Curtonotum platyphallum species-group (Diptera: Curtonotidae) from Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park, Republic of Congo

A new species of Curtonotum Macquart is described and figured from Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park, Republic of Congo, based on the unique male holotype from disturbed Guineo-Congolian rainforest. The new species clearly belongs to the Curtonotum platyphallum species-group in sharing the synapomorphy of the basiphallus with an angulate ventrally expanded and concave process. Additional key couplets are provided to distinguish the new species from its congeners.

Um caso de ocorrência em massa de Sandalodesmus araujoi () em um município de São Paulo, Brasil e descrição da fêmea até então desconhecida (Polydesmida, Chelodesmidae)

Abstract Somatic characters are shared by many Chelodesmidae groups, and generic placement and species identifications traditionally have been based on gonopodal morphology. Female genitalic characters have been largely neglected and are rarely photographed or illustrated. This is rather unfortunate as the morphology of female genitalia presents important characters and may be decisive for developing a more robust family classification. We describe the heretofore unknown female of Sandalodesmus araujoi (Schubart, 1946), previously known only from the male holotype collected in São Paulo, Brazil in December 1943; discuss the utility of female genitalic characters for species delineation in Sandalodesmus; and report the first case of a mass occurrence in the Chelodesmidae. While an attempt at a formal diagnosis of Sandalodesmus females based on genitalic characters is premature, the vulvar morphology of the three taxa examined in this study suggests that female genitalia are species-specific. Some characters (i.e., asymmetric valves, presence of digitiform projections and reduction of setae on the internal basal portion of the valves) are constant between the species, suggesting utility for generic-level delineation. Mass occurrences of millipedes are typically unpredictable and likely related to variations in environmental conditions and/or anthropogenic modifications of natural habitats. Although the mass occurrence of S. araujoi reported herein was only observed once, the event coincides with the mating period of millipedes during the rainy season in Brazil. On the other hand, the region where the species was found has been the target of intense urban development, including replacement of natural habitats with residential areas, which may have influenced its population dynamics.

A new species of Colobothea Lepeletier & Audinet-Serville, 1825 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae) from Peru, French Guiana, and Brazil, with notes on Colobothea hirtipes (Degeer, 1775)

Colobothea batesi sp. nov. is described based on specimens from Peru, French Guiana, and Brazil. Photographs of the male holotype and one female paratype are provided, as well as photographs of a male and a female of C. hirtipes (Degeer, 1775) to facilitate comparison. Notes on host plants of C. hirtipes are also provided.