Male Head Research Articles

Predictors of Households’ Adoption of Gas Cooking Stove in Some Rural Communities of Abia and Ebonyi States, Southeast Nigeria

This paper aims at the factors that predict household’s adoption of gas cooking stoves in selected rural communities of Southeast Nigeria. Leaning on theories of Knowledge gap, Groupthink, Technological determinism and Innovation Diffusion, it explores the theme of adoption as a selective process while interrogating the idea of an energy ladder. The paper probes the factors that accentuate poor energy choices in the face of availability of the better domestic energy source, gas. Based on data from 600 respondents, 300 from each of the southeastern Nigeria states of Abia and Ebonyi, an ordinal regression in the form of a Generalized Linear Model was used to predict the proportional odds of the dependent ordinal variables. Parameter estimates of the regression model predicting ordinal likelihood (odds) of using cooking gas indicate that none of the categories underage bracket were significant. The odds of households with male heads having very high usage of cooking gas stove were 1.563 (95% CI, .882 to 1.830) times more than that of households with female heads. The odds are against larger households; households with heads that are of lower education levels; households that regularly cook with fuelwood and those with lower income. The study recommends advocacy to bridge the knowledge gap and a subsidization regime that can overcome the income challenge.

The Genus Heterogynis Rambur, 1866 (Heterogynidae, Lepidoptera): Congruence of Molecular, Morphological and Morphometric Evidence Reveal New Species in Serbia

The Heterogynidae are a small family of moths consisting of a single genus Heterogynis and sixteen described species distributed in the Mediterranean region. A species new to science, Heterogynis serbica sp. nov., is described from the locality of Srebrenac, Mt. Kopaonik, Republic of Serbia, Balkan Peninsula, by applying an integrative taxonomic approach using morpho-anatomical characteristics, wing morphometics and DNA barcoding. Male genitalia, scanning electron micrographs of adult male head anatomy, abdominal tergites/sternites, cocoons and habitats of the closely related species H. serbica sp. nov. and H. zikici are discussed and illustrated. Photographs of adult males and females, cocoons, plants in which the cocoons were found and habitats are shown. Importantly, marked differences in genital structure and other morphological characters were noted. These differences were confirmed with forewing morphometrics and COI-based DNA barcoding results. Additionally, DNA barcodes for H. serbica sp. nov. and H. zikici were compared against previously available data for the genus to evaluate the phylogenetic relationships. We conclude that deep, previously unknown and unexpected intrageneric morphological diversity exists in the genus Heterogynis.

Assessing the Prevalence of Burnout Among Female Microvascular Head and Neck Surgeons.

Background: Research has not explicitly explored differences between male and female microvascular head and neck (MHN) surgeon burnout, which should be identified and addressed to ensure career satisfaction and longevity. Objective: To measure and compare the prevalence of burnout among male versus female MHN surgeons. Methods: A prospective questionnaire based on the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was distributed through a web-based survey to the American Association of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons and American Head and Neck Society in 2021 and 2022. Additional variables collected included demographics, relationship and parental status, academic rank, annual salary, and COVID-19-related questions. Results: One hundred thirteen surveys were collected. Twenty-nine (25.7%) were women and all completed MHN surgery fellowships. Women trended toward more emotional exhaustion than men (2.8 mean MBI vs. 2.3 mean MBI) but reported similar personal achievement (4.8 mean MBI vs. 4.9 mean MBI). Men experienced less workplace sexual harassment (p < 0.001). Women experienced more burnout (69% vs. 39%, p = 0.006) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: Female MHN surgeons reported in this survey to experience more workplace sexual harassment and higher COVID-19-related burnout than their male counterparts.

Taking high-stakes venture to make ends meet? Determinants and impacts of international migration of Ethiopians to the Middle East

Ethiopia is one of the major origins for international migrants to the Middle East in Africa regardless of the risks and the abuses that migrants face. The study aims to analyse the determinants of international migration of Ethiopians to the Middle East and its impact on the income of households staying behind particularly in the Dessie Zuria district of the Amhara region in Ethiopia. Data were randomly collected from 346 households and analysed using descriptive statistics, logit regression, and Propensity Score Matching (PSM) models. The logit regression analysis indicates that bigger family size, network with migrants/returnees, and the presence of peer/family pressure influence the probability of international migration positively. On the contrary, being a male household head, ownership of larger farmland and livestock, and participation in additional non-farm activities determine international migration negatively. The findings from the PSM model revealed that international migration increased the annual income of migrant-sending households by 13,079.51 ETB per year over non-migrant sending households. However, the benefits enjoyed by the families staying behind have been at the expense of migrants, whose income is hard-earned and they often take a risky route to reach the destination regions. The findings call for an integrated policy approach to control population pressure that depletes the key financial and physical assets of households in the origin and thus forces individuals to look for alternative livelihood strategies such as migration. Location-specific policy interventions are needed to create non-farm and alternative livelihoods, improve agricultural productivity, and access information to reduce exaggerated and misleading information about the destination areas.

Women's Participation in Simultaneous Village Head Elections in Bandung Regency

The simultaneous village head election in Bandung Regency in 2021 was attended by 194 male village head candidates and 13 female village head candidates. The lack of women running for village heads can be seen from the driving and inhibiting factors. This study aims to determine the driving factors and obstacles for women participating in the simultaneous election of the Village Head in Bandung Regency in 2021. A qualitative approach, the literature study method, was used in this study. The research data is sourced from journal articles that have been published and are available on Google Scholar. This study found that the factors driving women to participate in simultaneous Pilkades in Bandung Regency include: first, female village head candidates understood their political freedom. This can be seen in his participation in the candidacy for village head in the simultaneous Pilkades in 2021 in Bandung Regency; second, the education and abilities of women who continue to develop. This can be seen in female village head candidates' access to education and capabilities in the simultaneous 2021 Pilkades in Bandung Regency.

Analysis of Conflict Management Practices and Strategies at the Elementary School Level in District Rahim Yar Khan

The study was intended to analyze the conflict management, practices, and strategies at the elementary school level in District Rahim Yar Khan. In this article, challenges faced by teachers and head teachers in management practices and strategies at the elementary level will be discussed, as well as dynamic management strategies to resolve issues between teachers and administration are addressed. To analyze the role of leadership in promoting quality education at the elementary level, all the male and female teachers (4128) and head teachers (316) at the elementary level from District Rahim Yar Khan were considered as population. The descriptive survey design and stratified random sampling techniques were employed to accomplish the goal. A 45-item self-structured questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale was utilized to collect the data from 1534 participants (1376 teachers &amp; 158 head teachers). The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS both descriptive (mean, standard deviation, and frequency value) and inferential statistics (i.e. Independent Samples t. test and ANOVA). It is employed to know the difference between participants’ opinions based on demographic variables i.e. gender, locality, designation, qualification, and teaching experience. As a result, methods and strategies for managing conflicts have a positive impact on academic performance by creating a less tense atmosphere in the classroom. In short, skillful conflict management paves the way for honest communication, collaborative decision-making, consistent feedback, and speedy resolution of problems.

Role of Leadership in Promoting Quality Education at the Elementary Level

This study was conducted to find out the role of leadership in promoting quality education at the elementary level. The objectives of the study were: to investigate the role of leadership, to assess the head teachers’ opinion regarding the implementation of quality indicators, and to ascertain the difference between head teachers’ opinions regarding the role of leadership in promoting quality education. To achieve these objectives, this study used a descriptive survey design. All the male and female head teachers (171 males and 145 females) of elementary schools and 302 head teachers (157 males and 145 females) of high schools from the four Tehsils (Rahim Yar Khan, Khan Pur, Liaqat Pur, and Sadiqabad) of District Rahim Yar Khan participated in this survey. The population was small therefore census sampling technique is used. The whole population was considered as a sample of the study. A 45-item questionnaire, self-structured was used. 618 questionnaires were distributed among the head teachers and 583 questionnaires were finally returned and the response rate was 94.33%. The data were analyzed by using SPSS and a combination of descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that leadership plays an ample role in promoting quality education at the elementary level.

"Leaderless" resistance? An anatomy of female leadership in Orang Asli grassroots movements

This article unpacks community-level female leadership among Malaysia’s indigenous Orang Asli community. The power dynamics of this community’s relationship with state institutions have been uneven. Critics accuse the authorities of infantilizing the community, through gendered and patriarchal behaviour (for example, male government officers only interact with male heads of communities). Based on the fieldwork including seven interviews with female and male Orang Asli grassroots leaders of an independent, pro-indigenous movement – one which is apparently “leaderless” in terms of its organizational structure – we show how they challenge the abovementioned attitudes through neo-empowerment and agentic efforts, through collective narratives of the environment, camaraderie and compassion. These grassroots efforts also appeal to a new cohort of indigenous people, embody gentle negotiation strategies, and recognize gendered discourses of agency and control. We show how this leads to the creation of a more inclusive, progressive, and feminist-driven empowerment strategy, eventually building resistance to traditional patriarchal structures.

Gender disparity in livelihood diversification among rural households in Osogbo Agricultural Development Programme (ADP) Zone of Osun State, Nigeria

Livelihood diversification is a coping strategy that functions as a cushioning effect owing to dwindling income from agriculture. This study examined the significant differences in income between males and females before and after livelihood diversification. The multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to select the respondents. Data were collected through the administration of well-structured questionnaires and were analyzed using both descriptive and multiple regression analyses. The mean annual income of male and female household heads before livelihood diversification was N195,200 ± 4,135 and N220,203 ± 5,300, respectively, while annual income after livelihood diversification averaged N206,195 ± 6,540 and N275,105 ± 4,100 for male and female, respectively. Age (p < 0.01) and years of formal education (p < 0.05) both had positive influence, and farm size (p < 0.01) which was negative were the determinants of livelihood diversification among males. The determinants of livelihood diversification of females were age (p < 0.05) which was negative, while positive factors included household size (p < 0.05), and access to credit (p < 0.01). It was concluded that livelihood diversification increased the earnings of the rural dwellers, with females earning higher marginal incomes than their male counterparts. The study, therefore, recommended that government policy focus on assistance for female rural dwellers in credit accessibility should be strengthened.

Review on Adoption of Improved Soya Bean Technologies: Empirical Evidence from Ethiopia

Soybean is a legume crop grown in the tropical, subtropical, and temperate climates which are used for food and animal feed. However, the production and productivity of soybean is low and improvement in production and productivity depends on the extent to which a household has applied the recommended production technologies. The review was aimed to identify the determinants of adoption and intensity of improved soybean varieties to generate information that helps to understand and evaluate the key challenges in Ethiopia. The review showed that sex of household, age of household head, education, farm experience, participation in training, and extension service affect the adoption of improved soya bean varieties positively and significantly while the distance to the nearest market affects adoption of improved soya bean varieties negatively and significantly. On the other hand, the intensity of adoption was affected by age, soya bean farm experience, participation in training, and size of livestock holding. Most of the studies reviewed in this paper indicated that sex has a significant positive impact on the adoption of improved soya bean varieties. However, the participation of female households in the adoption process indicated that 15% of female-headed households and dominated by 85% of male household heads. Therefore, to improve the adoption of modern agricultural technologies like improved soya beans the following recommendations are forwarded. Female-headed households should get emphasis in all activities of the promotion of new technologies. On the other hand, evidences showed that the huge oil factories in Ethiopia like W. A and BK are using soya bean as a major input to their production. Consequently, those industries demanding a higher amount of soya bean as an input and they are creating a backward linkage to smallholder soya bean producer farmers. For instance, W. A's edible oil factory alone needs 20,000 hectares of land to run the business and 500,000 quintals of soya bean requires per year. Therefore, it can improve smallholder farmers' livelihood by creating market opportunities to supply their products directly to factories. Thus, the promotion of new soya bean varieties, strong linkage between farmers and factories and comprehensive studies on the adoption and impact of soya bean should get attention from the regional and federal government of Ethiopia.

Domination, social norms, and the idea of an emancipatory interest

Domination, social norms, and the idea of an emancipatory interest

Insights into agropastoral communities’ innovations in uganda's cattle corridor

The rate and scope of environmental shock and stresses are now unprecedented in sub-Saharan Africa resulting into increasing intensity and unpredictability of climate change impacts in particular drought. The innovation efforts to enhance adaptive capacity of livelihoods and production systems are on increase. Innovation includes the new ways of doing things differently or improving the existing technologies. Within the agropastoral areas, existing entreprenueral innovations used and factors influencing success are unassessed. Across-sectional household survey among 426 respondents undertaken in March –June 2022, was used to collect perquisite data on innovation adoption. Principal component analysis (PCA) and multivariate probit regression models were used to characterize entreprenueral innovation to drought and its determinants among agroapstoral communities. Results showed agropastoral entrepreneurial abilities were exhibited through soil and water management and product enhancement innovation. Multivariate probit model results also revealed that having improved main house roof, access to improved water sources and memberships loan based organizations significantly increased innovation adoption while male household head, level of education, membership to agricultural based organizations and distance to crop markets significantly reduced innovation adoption. While, agropastoralists adopted many innovations it was in a reactive than proactive manner with limited entrepreneurial skills causing ambiguous effects. We recommend ample follow up research to help unearth the proceses and interlinks between innovations and entrepreneurship skills among agropastoralists.

Weaponizing Resilience: Women in the Trenches and Fringes of Pandemic Pedagogy

This study foregrounds the conflicting social pressures that women educators in the United States face in dealing with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in higher education. Narratives from three standpoints interweave to provide three perspectives on pandemic-informed practices that can build resilience as an inclusive rather than simply an individual process. The three points of view are: a mother in a non-tenure track teaching position who juggles caregiving duties; a male department head navigating how to energize allyship within a neoliberal educational system that suppresses acknowledgment and support of caretaking; and interactions among members of the Facebook group Pandemic Pedagogy, a global social media hub for educators adjusting to the pandemic’s impact. Collectively, these standpoints constitute a critical autoethnographic multilogue to deconstruct and remediate the systemic gender inequities exposed and exacerbated by the pandemic. The three perspectives converge on implementing feminist ethics of care as both a philosophical and practical foundation for constructively cultivating resilience at the personal, community, and institutional levels.

LEADERSHIP EMPOWERING BEHAVIORS: GENDER-BASED COMPARATIVE STUDY AT SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL

The study compared the leadership empowering behaviors of male and female secondary school heads in Pakistan. Main purpose of the research is to collate captaincy empowering conduct of male &amp; female educational leaders at the secondary level. The sample was comprised of 564 teachers including 379 males &amp; 185 females employing a stratified random sample technique. In this study, quantitative and descriptive methodologies were used. A standardized tool “Leader Empowering Behavior Questionnaire” was used for data collection. Data was collected and analyzed using the mean, standard deviation, &amp; independent samples t-test. Results explored that there is significant difference (t = 3.160, p = .002) between leadership empowering behavior among male (mean = 5.73, SD = .30) and female leaders (mean = 5.64, SD = .31) on whole. Male leaders were found to have better leadership empowering behavior than female leaders. Thus, it was recommended from results that female educational leaders should further improve and adopt leadership empowering behavior for better organizational productivity and female educational leaders should further improve their empowering behavior so as to stimulate potential of their subordinates for better performance and commitment in diverse situtions for desired outcomes.

Gods, Goddesses, and Mortals for the 21st Century: The Reinstallation of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts Collection of Ancient Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Art

Gods, Goddesses, and Mortals for the 21st Century: The Reinstallation of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts Collection of Ancient Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Art

Employment Participation and Determinants of the Gender Wage Gap in the Head of the Household

The distortion model becomes a problem in development planning, including in the development goals of reducing discrimination and concerns. These two things are closely related to gender expectations on work participation. The purpose of this study was to estimate the gender pay gap at the work participation rate of household heads in Magelang during the Covid-19 pandemic. The analytical tools used are Probit regression and the decomposition of the Blinder-Oaxaca model. The model decomposes wage differentials by gender. The study uses the 2020 SAKERNAS data. The results show that work participation for male household heads is determined by the marginal effect of work experience, age and area of residence, not education level and number of family dependents, while female household heads are only determined because of the number factor. family responsibilities. Furthermore, the potential work experience of male household heads has a significant negative effect. Research findings from the Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition calculation show that the difference in wages between groups of household heads during the Covid 19 pandemic proved statistically significant. The role of the government is expected to be more active in disseminating policies related to gender in the labor market and exercising control over business actors in implementing labor regulations.

The Feudal and Political System in Pakistan: A Historical Analysis of South Punjab (1969-1990)

The term "feudalism" is often used to describe a social order in which land is held by an elite group that is not subservient to a monarchy or government. In return for their service to the king or his kingdom, his subjects are granted land. In the feudal system, the male head of the family (typically a large joint family) is accountable for the maintenance of the home and the land that has been bequeathed to him. It is true that the social structures of feudalisms in Medieval Europe and Medieval India shared some similarities; however, the feudalism that developed in Pakistan (which was a descendant of Indian feudalism) had its own unique roots and characteristics that were shaped by local history (such as the influence and intent of invaders) and culture. According to land reforms adopted in 1959, each individual's yearly produce from 500 irrigated and 1000 non-irrigated acres was capped at 36,000 index units. This study looks at what happened to feudalism in Pakistan's Southern Punjab between 1969 and 1990, and it offers solutions to the problems that led to its decline.

Provenance of sculptural limestones in protohistoric Provence (SE France): Insights from carbonate rock petrography and stable isotope geochemistry

The combination of a detailed analysis of microfacies, diagenetic features and isotopic signatures (carbon and oxygen) of limestones from protohistoric statues and the comparison with substantial regional petrographic and geochemical databases have proven to be successful for constraining the provenance and providing insights into the production of statuary materials in Provence during the Iron Age. The limestones forming the sculptures from Roquepertuse (twin-headed “Hermes”, the lintel with horses and the warrior seated cross-legged) and Rognac (warrior seated cross-legged) are interpreted to derive from lower Barremian carbonate formations from La Fare Massif, likely from near Coudoux, based on 1) micropalaeontologic markers (orbitolinids), 2) grain size, texture and grain composition (oolitic, oobioclastic and bioclastic grainstones), 3) dissolution features affecting ooid cortices and 4) carbon and oxygen isotope signatures. The bryozoan-echinoderm association and the occurrence of Amphistegina suggest that the bust of warrior from La Cloche oppidum (3rd to 1st century BCE) is made of a Miocene limestone from La Couronne Formation. Its isotope composition suggests a provenance from quarries located at Anse du Verdon or possibly further west. The fragment of scapulary tunic found in a disturbed archaeological context dated of 6th to 2nd century BCE on the Baou de Saint-Marcel oppidum, in Segobrige territories east of Massalia, is made of a vuggy limestone whose clotted peloidal-fenestral fabric and isotope signature are consistent with local, lower Pleistocene travertines. The young male head from the Ziem Museum was made of a planktonic foraminiferal, quartz-free limestone with Heterohelix for which no analogue is known in the region, thus suggesting that its place of manufacture is likely to be located outside Provence. Finally, the analyzed set of limestones from protohistoric sculptures, and of certain Provençal provenance, derive from stone production sites geographically close (<20 km) to the places of discovery. A set of non-invasive in situ techniques has been also used to discriminate among the possible sources (magnetic susceptibility, X-ray fluorescence chemical analysis, sound velocity, photogrammetry), but they appeared non discriminant for the present case.

Destination Elsewhere: Displaced Persons and Their Quest to Leave Postwar Europe by Ruth Balint

<i>Destination Elsewhere: Displaced Persons and Their Quest to Leave Postwar Europe</i> by Ruth Balint

An empirical investigation of the dynamic linkages of land access and food security: Evidence from Ethiopia using system GMM approach

In this work, we empirically investigate how land acquisition and food security interact dynamically in Ethiopia's rural and small-town areas. Apparently, connections between the two issues getting more attention, yet dynamic links between them remain unexplored. This paper utilizes a moment-based generalized systems approach (SYS-GMM), and tests in panel data models. The results of system GMM estimates using data for 3288 households from 2011–12 to 2018–19 confirm that the lagged dependent variables were negative (-1.359) with statistically significant, which justifies the specification of the dynamic panel model and the adoption of the two-step system-GMM for estimating DPD analysis, which further validates the dynamic adjustment process and the lagged effect. It also confirmed that adult equivalence (a proxy for family size, and tropical livestock unit all exhibit elastic relationships i.e., −3.101 and 1.23 respectively at a 1% level of significance, while the other statistically significant predictors were found to have an inelastic relationship with food security (<1). Here, the response of food security to changes in a household's total livestock assets, adult equivalence, and yearly food consumption per adult equivalence is quick, as a proportionate change in these variables would result in a higher proportionate change in the level of a household's food security. The study further revealed that families with female heads (FHHs) experience more food insecurity than households with male heads. FHHs, however, are 11% less likely than male-headed families to be food secure. The results are further confirmed using different diagnostic tests which include serial correlation and Sargan/Hansen tests. The results are further confirmed using different diagnostic tests which include serial correlation and Sargan/Hansen tests. The robustness of the GMM results was confirmed by the pooled OLS, difference GMM, and the fixed effect model results. To this end, interventions and policies should be adopted to decrease the food insecurity of households in the long run in Ethiopia.