Male Glands Research Articles

Histological changes of the skin during postembryonic development of the crested newt Triturus ivanbureschi (Urodela, Salamandridae)

BackgroundAmphibian skin has been studied for many decades, especially the metamorphic changes in the skin of frogs. Less attention has been paid to salamander skin. Here, we describe changes in the skin structure during postembryonic development in a salamandrid species, the Balkan crested newt Triturus ivanbureschi. MethodUsing traditional histological techniques we examined the skin in the trunk region of three premetamorphic larval stages (hatchling, mid larval and late larval) and two postmetamorphic stages (juvenile, just after metamorphosis, and adult). ResultsIn larval stages, skin consists only of the epidermis, which gradually develops from the single epithelial cell layer in hatchlings, to a stratified epidermis with gland nests and characteristic Leydig cells at the late larval stage. During metamorphosis, Leydig cells disappear, and the dermal layer develops. In postmetamorphic stages, skin is differentiated on stratified epidermis and the dermis with well-developed glands. Three types of glands were observed in the skin of the postmetamorphic stages: mucous, granular and mixed. Gland composition appears to be stage- and sex-specific, with juveniles and adult female being more similar to each other. In juveniles and adult female, there are a similar proportion of glands in both dorsal and ventral skin, whereas in adult male granular glands dominated the dorsal skin, while mixed glands dominated the ventral skin. ConclusionOur results provide a baseline for future comparative research of skin anatomy in salamanders.

Trans-axillary single port insufflation technique-assisted endoscopic surgery for breast diseases: Clinic experience, cosmetic outcome and oncologic result.

With an increasing demand for postoperative cosmetic effects in breast diseases, the single port by trans-axillary incision and air-inflation system, which provided better space and spared the assistant the effort of retraction, is widely used in clinic surgical treatment for multiple breast diseases. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, patients who underwent trans-axillary single-incision surgery at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital between December 2020 and July 2022 were included in the study. We collected and analyzed data on age, fertility history, ultrasound grade, clinical stage, pathological results, oncological prognosis, patient-centered cosmetic outcome, etc. A total of 115 cases were included, of which 33 patients with benign disease underwent mass resection, 68 patients with malignant tumors underwent mastectomy. 10 patients had a special type of breast lesion. A mastectomy was performed in 4 patients with male mammary gland development. Of the 115 cases, the maximum mass diameter was 3.00 ± 1.644 (0.6-8.5) cm. Blood loss during surgery was 85.77 ± 50.342 (10-200) ml. The surgery took 131.84 ± 59.332 (30-280) minutes to complete. The patient spent a total of 5.05 ± 2.305 (2-18) days in the hospital. And the length of surgical incision in all patients was 3.83 ± 0.884 (3-8) cm. All patients were very satisfied with the appearance of their breasts after dressing. 94.78% of patients were satisfied with the position of the incision. Through this study, we believe that in benign breast diseases and malignant breast tumors, trans-axillary single port insufflation technique-assisted endoscopic surgery has oncological safety and an aesthetic effect for most people with breast diseases.

In vitro induction of prostate buds from murine urogenital epithelium in the absence of mesenchymal cells

The prostate is a male reproductive gland which secretes prostatic fluid that enhances male fertility. During development and instigated by fetal testosterone, prostate cells arise caudal to the bladder at the urogenital sinus (UGS), when the urogenital mesenchyme (UGM) secretes signals to the urogenital epithelium (UGE). These initial mesenchymal signals induce prostate-specific gene expression in the UGE, after which epithelial progenitor cells form prostatic buds. Although many important factors for prostate development have been described using UGS organ cultures, those necessary and sufficient for prostate budding have not been clearly identified. This has been in part due to the difficulty to dissect the intricate signaling and feedback between epithelial and mesenchymal UGS cells. In this study, we separated the UGM from the UGE and tested candidate growth factors to show that when FGF10 is present, testosterone is not required for initiating prostate budding from the UGE. Moreover, in the presence of low levels of FGF10, canonical WNT signaling enhances the expression of several prostate progenitor markers in the UGE before budding of the prostate occurs. At the later budding stage, higher levels of FGF10 are required to increase budding and retinoic acid is indispensable for the upregulation of prostate-specific genes. Lastly, we show that under optimized conditions, female UGE can be instructed towards a prostatic fate, and in vitro generated prostate buds from male UGE can differentiate into a mature prostate epithelium after in vivo transplantation. Taken together, our results clarify the signals that can induce fetal prostate buds in the urogenital epithelium in the absence of the surrounding, instructive mesenchyme.

A deeper insight into the sialome of male and female Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes

IntroductionDuring evolution, blood-feeding arthropods developed a complex salivary mixture that can interfere with host haemostatic and immune response, favoring blood acquisition and pathogen transmission. Therefore, a survey of the salivary gland contents can lead to the identification of molecules with potent pharmacological activity in addition to increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the hematophagic behaviour of arthropods. The southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus, is a vector of several pathogenic agents, including viruses and filarial parasites that can affect humans and wild animals.ResultsPreviously, a Sanger-based transcriptome of the salivary glands (sialome) of adult C. quinquefasciatus females was published based on the sequencing of 503 clones organized into 281 clusters. Here, we revisited the southern mosquito sialome using an Illumina-based RNA-sequencing approach of both male and female salivary glands. Our analysis resulted in the identification of 7,539 coding DNA sequences (CDS) that were functionally annotated into 25 classes, in addition to 159 long non-coding RNA (LncRNA). Additionally, comparison of male and female libraries allowed the identification of female-enriched transcripts that are potentially related to blood acquisition and/or pathogen transmission.ConclusionTogether, these findings represent an extended reference for the identification and characterization of the proteins containing relevant pharmacological activity in the salivary glands of C. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes.

Dimorphic frataxin and its gene regulation by sex steroids in hamsters

The role of frataxin (FXN) has been studied extensively in Friedreich ataxia patients, however, the molecular bases underlining the sex steroid-dependent gene expression profiles of FXN in adult tissues are unknown. I describe the molecular characterization of hamster FXN by examining the sexually dimorphic expression and its regulation by sex steroids. Sequence analysis of FXN cDNA showed 630bp-long ORF encoding 209 amino acids. qPCR analysis revealed that FXN is detected in a wide range of tissues, with the highest expression in the heart, liver, and epididymis, and the weakest expression in the lung, spleen, uterus, and gut. In the male Harderian gland (HG), castration decreased FXN expression, while dihydrotestosterone (DHT) administration reestablished levels. FXN expression levels were higher in the male HG than the female HG. Expression levels in endocrine tissues showed a certain degree of sexual dimorphism; the transcript in the testis was significantly higher than those in the ovary. The effects of the estrous cycle on FXN expression remained unchanged in the HG, ovary, and adrenal glands; however, in the pancreas, the FXN mRNA was overexpressed during proestrus and exhibited sexual dimorphism as compared to the male pancreas. The mRNA expression results indicated that Harderian FXN may play a dynamic role in intracellular Fe of heme required for processing cytochromes and other hemeproteins, also suggesting that the moderate sexual dimorphism present in the HG and gonads could be regulated by androgens, while sexually dimorphic expression of FXN in the female pancreas may be controlled by sex steroids.

The life cycle of Dermacentor nuttalli from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau under laboratory conditions and detection of spotted fever group Rickettsia spp.

Dermacentor nuttalli has been a focus of study because tick-borne pathogens have been widely identified in this tick from northern and southwestern China. The aim of this study was to characterize the life cycle of D. nuttalli under laboratory conditions and to detect spotted fever group (SFG) Rickettsia in the midgut and salivary glands of both field-collected and first laboratory generation adults. D. nuttalli ticks were collected in the field on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau from March to April 2021 and their life cycle was studied under laboratory conditions. Tick identify was molecularly confirmed, and SFG Rickettsia were detected in the midgut and salivary glands of males and females by PCR targeting different rickettsial genes. The results showed that the life cycle of D. nuttalli under laboratory conditions was completed in an average of 86.1 days. High positivity of Rickettsia spp. was detected in the midgut and salivary glands of both males (92.0%) and females (93.0%) of field-collected D. nuttalli ticks. However, a relatively lower positivity (4.0-6.0%) was detected in first laboratory generation adults. Furthermore, sequencing analysis showed that the Rickettsia sequences obtained in this study shared 98.6 to 100% nucleotide identity with Rickettsia slovaca and Rickettsia raoultii isolated from Dermacentor spp. in China. Phylogenetic analysis of Rickettsia spp. based on the gltA, ompA, ompB and sca4 genes revealed that the Rickettsia sequences obtained could be classified as belonging to R. slovaca and R. raoultii clades. This study described for the first time the life cycle of D. nuttalli from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau under laboratory conditions. Two species of SFG Rickettsia were detected in the midgut and salivary glands of males and females in both field-collected and first laboratory-generation adults of D. nuttalli. Our study provides new insights into pathogen detection in ticks in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the relationships among hosts, ticks, and pathogens.

Identification and determination of the absolute configuration of amorph-4-en-10β-ol, a cadinol-type sesquiterpene from the scent glands of the African reed frog Hyperolius cinnamomeoventris.

Hyperolid reed frogs are one of the few families of Anurans known to possess glands that emit volatile compounds used in chemical communication. Hyperolius cinnamomeoventris, a model species, possesses a gular gland on its vocal sac that emits chemicals, and sends visual and auditory signals during calling. Previous investigations have shown that the glandular compounds are typically macrocyclic lactones. However, in this work, we show that another major constituent of the male specific gland is (10R,1S,6R,7R,10R)-amorph-4-ene-10β-ol [(1R,4R,4aR,8aS)-4-isopropyl-1,6-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-ol]. This compound was synthesized for the first time and has the opposite configuration to amorph-4-ene-10β-ol known from plants. A short synthesis using an organocatalytic approach through a tandem Mannich/intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction led to a mixture of cadinols, which was used for the assignment of the natural cadinol structures and their stereoisomers.

Pheromones for amphibian conservation – considering new approaches in conservation breeding programmes

Pheromones for amphibian conservation – considering new approaches in conservation breeding programmes

Ladies in armor: A micro-computed tomographic study of skin calcification in European toads (genus Bufo).

Micro-computed tomography is a powerful tool toward the detailed reconstruction of internal and external morphology, in particular for ossified and other dense tissues. Here, we document and compare the level of calcification in the skin of the head and the parotoids (the external skin glands) in males and females of common and spined toads, Bufo bufo and B. spinosus. In some anurans, including Bufo species, a specific acellular calcified tissue layer within the dermis has been documented (the Eberth-Katschenko, or EK-layer). By a combination of micro-computed tomography and classical histology, we detected additional calcium deposits located in the dermal layer stratum spongiosum, positioned above the EK-layer. We showed that the level of calcification and the presence of additional calcium deposits are size and sex related, increasing in the order B. bufo males, B. spinosus males, B. bufo females to B. spinosus females. The last of these groups is the least variable. Bufo spinosus females have dense calcium deposits in the parotoids and the dorsal and ventral skin. Three-dimensional volume renderings and cross-sectional slices obtained by micro-CT scanning indicate that this approach is a promising technique for further studies on bufonid skin anatomy and geographic variation in skin calcification.

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the mating-responsive genes in the male accessory glands of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

BackgroundMating elicits significant changes in gene expression and leads to subsequent physiological and behavioural modifications in insects. The reproductive success of both sexes is contributed immensely by the male accessory gland (MAG) proteins that are transferred along with sperms to the female reproductive tract during mating where they facilitate several processes that modify the post-mating behaviour. The mating-responsive genes in the MAGs have been identified and reported in many insects but have not been well-characterized in the important agricultural pest Spodoptera litura. Here, we present RNA sequencing analysis to identify mating-responsive genes from the accessory glands of virgin males and males interrupted during mating. ResultsOverall, 91,744 unigenes were generated after clustering the assembled transcript sequences of both samples, while the total number of transcripts annotated was 48,708 based on sequence homology against the non-redundant (NR) database. Comparative transcriptomics analysis revealed 16,969 genes that were differentially expressed between the two groups, including 9814 up-regulated and 7155 down-regulated genes. Among the top 80 genes that were selected for heat map analysis, several prominent genes including odorant binding protein, cytochrome P450, heat shock proteins, juvenile hormone binding protein, carboxypeptidases and serine protease were differentially expressed. ConclusionsThe identified genes are known or predicted to promote several processes that modify the female post-mating behaviour. Future studies with the individual MAG protein or in combination will be required to recognize the precise mechanisms by which these proteins alter female physiology and reproductive behaviour. Thus, our study provides essential data to address fundamental questions about reproduction within and among insects and also paves way for further exploration of the functions of these proteins in female insects.

High-Resolution Transcriptomic Landscape of the Human Submandibular Gland

Saliva-secreting and transporting cells are part of the complex cellular milieu of the human salivary gland, where they play important roles in normal glandular physiology and diseased states. However, comprehensive molecular characterization, particularly at single-cell resolution, is still incomplete, in part due to difficulty in procuring normal human tissues. Here, we perform an in-depth analysis of male and female adult human submandibular gland (SMG) samples by bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and examine the molecular underpinnings of the heterogeneous cell populations by single-cell (sc) RNA-seq. Our results from scRNA-seq highlight the remarkable diversity of clusters of epithelial and nonepithelial cells that reside in the SMG that is also faithfully recapitulated by deconvolution of the bulk-RNA data sets. Our analyses reveal complex transcriptomic heterogeneity within both the ductal and acinar subpopulations and identify atypical SMG cell types, such as mucoacinar cells that are unique to humans and ionocytes that have been recently described in the mouse. We use CellChat to explore ligand–receptor interactome predictions that likely mediate crucial cell–cell communications between the various cell clusters. Finally, we apply a trajectory inference method to investigate specific cellular branching points and topology that offers insights into the dynamic and complex differentiation process of the adult SMG. The data sets and the analyses herein comprise an extensive wealth of high-resolution information and a valuable resource for a deeper mechanistic understanding of human SMG biology and pathophysiology.

Growth hormone enhances the CD34+ stem cells repopulation of the male albino rat thymus gland in cyclophosphamide induced injury: immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study

ABSTRACT Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a chemotherapeutic drug that has a harmful effect on the immune system. Growth hormone (GH) is a peptide hormone that can enhance thymic functions in cases of immunosuppression. Therefore, the present study was performed to study the possible protective effect of growth hormone on cyclophosphamide-induced changes in the rat thymus gland. Sixty-four adult male albino rats were used and divided into three main groups. Group I (Control group). Group II (CP group) received 200 mg/kg body weight CP by a single intra-peritoneal injection. Group III (CP& GH group) received GH in a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight/day by subcutaneous injection starting 5 days before cyclophosphamide injection till the end of the experiment. Administration of CP (Group II) resulted in marked histopathological changes in thymus. Thymic cortex showed depletion of thymoblasts. There was a decrease in CD34 immune positively stained stem cells and an increase in CD68 immune positively stained macrophages. Ultrastructurally, thymoblasts were markedly degenerated and the most of epithelial reticular cells were vacuolated. Administration of GH (group III) showed preservation of the histological structure of the thymus. In conclusion, growth hormone could protect against cyclophosphamide induced thymic damage.

Epidemiology, Evaluation and Surgical Treatment of undescended Testis in North Macedonia in the Period from 2011 to 2020.

Background; Cryptorchidism or undescended testis (UDT) is one of the most common pediatric disorders of the male endocrine glands and the most common genital disorder identified at birth. The main reasons for treatment of cryptorchidism include increased risks of impairment of fertility potential, testicular malignancy, testis torsion, and/or associated inguinal hernia
 Material and Methods; The aim of this study is to show the epidemical distribution of this pathology in the republic of North Macedonia from 2011-2020 and simultaneously show the number of cases in every city of Macedonia. The number of cases (by city) is shown in Table 1.
 All data is provided by the archives of The Institute of Public Health, North Macedonia.
 Discussion: It is very important to find if there is a correlation between the number of undescended testis cases in North Macedonia to the environment, genetics, level of education, level of health care institutions, etc.
 Reduced hormonal levels, reduced fertility and increased risk of testicular cancer are the most common side effects of no treatment or late treatment.
 Conclusion; This condition of the undescended testis is very common, and the possible effects of late treatment or no treatment at all are very risky. So, we have to pay attention to the risks in order to try to provide better treatment at the right point of age.

Effect of starvation and pesticide exposure on neutral lipid composition of the digestive gland of males of the apple snails Pomacea canaliculata

Pollutants as well as starvation usually modify homeostasis of neutral lipids in aquatic organisms. However, studies on the simultaneous effects of both stressors are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of toxicant exposure under starvation conditions on neutral lipids of the freshwater snail Pomacea canaliculata, selected as the model organism. Starved adult male snails were exposed to sublethal concentration of the pesticide cypermethrin (100 µg/L) during 4 and 10 days. Fed snails were sacrificed at the onset of the experiment (T0), along with starved snails exposed to the pesticide vehicle (ethanol) and another group without solvent served as controls. Total lipid content, neutral lipid classes, fatty acid composition, and pesticide accumulation were determined in the digestive gland of snails. The ethanol concentration used was not an additional stressful agent. As expected, starvation caused a decrease in neutral lipid content in the digestive gland of snails with respect to T0 snails. Pesticide exposure caused, on the other hand, an increase in triacylglycerol content compared to ethanol exposure at day 10 of the bioassay. This increment correlated with the bioconcentration of cypermethrin, which was 47% higher by day 10 than by day 4. The fatty acid profile of triacylglycerols in the digestive gland was significantly altered under starvation and pesticide exposure. Stressed male snails showed the ability to preserve polyunsaturated fatty acids, as evidenced by their significant increase with respect to T0 snails. These results suggest that the alteration of lipid homeostasis could be involved in an adaptive mechanism of aquatic organisms to lipophilic and obesogenic pollutants.

Ovarian papillary carcinoma in a Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)

Neoplasms are among the most impacting disease diagnoses in veterinary medicine and have become increasingly common due to the greater longevity of animals as living conditions improved. The Mongolian gerbil is a small rodent species that has become popular recently. In these animals, the occurrence of neoplastic processes is relatively common, mainly tumors of the ventral gland in males and ovarian tumors in females. This work aims to report an ovarian tumor in a Mongolian gerbil Meriones unguiculatus Milne-Edwards 1867 (Rodentia, Muridae). At the initial presentation, the animal had dyspnea, prostration, and increased abdominal volume in the topography of the right ovary of approximately 2 cm. The animal was submitted to exploratory laparotomy because of the emergency nature of the case and the owners’ refusal of additional exams due to financial restrictions. Thus, an ovariohysterectomy was performed, followed by a histopathological examination. The histopathology revealed an ovarian papillary carcinoma affecting both ovaries and cystic endometrial hyperplasia. With surgical removal and drainage of the thoracic fluid, the animal showed good recovery, with general improvement and return to regular activity, with a life expectancy of two years. Currently, the demand for specialized veterinarians for unconventional pets is increasing. This condition allows owners to raise their animals more properly, favoring greater longevity. Knowledge about the prevalence and incidence of diseases in different species is of enormous relevance in establishing the appropriate therapy, improving life quality, and increasing life expectancy in animals’ lives.

An insight into the female and male Sabethes cyaneus mosquito salivary glands transcriptome

Mosquitoes are responsible for the death and debilitation of millions of people every year due to the pathogens they can transmit while blood feeding. While a handful of mosquitoes, namely those in the Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex genus, are the dominant vectors, many other species belonging to different genus are also involved in various pathogen cycles. Sabethes cyaneus is one of the many poorly understood mosquito species involved in the sylvatic cycle of Yellow Fever Virus. Here, we report the expression profile differences between male and female of Sa.cyaneus salivary glands (SGs). We find that female Sa.cyaneus SGs have 165 up-regulated and 18 down-regulated genes compared to male SGs. Most of the up-regulated genes have unknown functions, however, odorant binding proteins, such as those in the D7 protein family, and mucins were among the top 30 genes. We also performed various in vitro activity assays of female SGs. In the activity analysis we found that female SG extracts inhibit coagulation by blocking factor Xa and has endonuclease activity. Knowledge about mosquitoes and their physiology are important for understanding how different species differ in their ability to feed on and transmits pathogens to humans. These results provide us with an insight into the Sabethes SG activity and gene expression that expands our understanding of mosquito salivary glands.

Hesperidin alleviates cisplatin-induced impairment in adult male albino rat's submandibular gland through activation of secretory complex stem cells (Histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical study)

Hesperidin alleviates cisplatin-induced impairment in adult male albino rat's submandibular gland through activation of secretory complex stem cells (Histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical study)

Effect of Nonylphenol on the Structure of Adrenal Cortex in F1 Generation Rats

Previous studies, including our own, indicate that distinct morphological changes in rodent adrenal cortex could be induced by exposure of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC). In the present study, we conducted histological analyses of adrenocortical substructure using a nonylphenol-treated F1 rat model. The adrenal weight of NP-5000 group was significantly declined in female rats (p<0.001), while the adrenal weights of NP-treated groups were not significantly changed in male rats. The thickness of zona glomerulosa layers of female rats in NP-5000 group was significantly declined (p<0.001) but zona fasciculata layers were not changed. The zona reticularis layers of NP-treated group were significantly thinner than those of control group (NP-50, p<0.05; NP-5000, p<0.01). In male adrenal glands, there was no significant change of zona glomerulosa layers in NP-treated groups while the thickness of zona fasciculata in NP-5000 group was significantly decreased (p<0.01). Like female rats, the thickness of zona reticularis in NP-treated groups was significantly decreased (NP-50, p<0.001; NP-5000, p<0.05). Present study demonstrated that the adrenal histology could be altered by low-dose NP exposure in F1 rats, and the effect might be sexually dimorphic. Further study will be helpful for understanding possible adrenal pathophysiology induced by EDC exposure, and EDC-related sexually dimorphic phenomena in rodent adrenals.

Large, infected Cowper’s syringoceles: a rare cause of perineal sepsis in adult men

Urologists and general surgeons alike are familiar with assessing acute perineal pathology. A Cowper's gland syringocele is a rare cystic dilatation of the male bulbourethral gland, typically seen in children. We report the diagnosis and emergency management of two adult cases of large, infected Cowper's gland syringoceles. A comorbid 76-year old was diagnosed with sepsis and penile swelling, but there was no discrete superficial pathology. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a perineal collection communicating with the membranous urethra. A suprapubic catheter was inserted, and aspiration was attempted. Meanwhile, a 55-year-old diabetic presented with severe perineal pain. MRI revealed a deep perineal collection, involving the scrotum and proximal penis. He improved with antibiotics and aspiration of the collection. This rare diagnosis may be more common in older men than previously thought. Pelvic MRI is a key diagnostic tool. A minimally invasive approach is possible in those with considerable perioperative risk.

Changes in pathophysiology of tumor growth and functional activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in rats of both sexes with the development of Guerin's carcinoma on the background of hypothyroidism

Purpose of the study. Was to analyze changes in pathophysiological parameters of transplantable tumor growth and functional activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPT) in rats of both sexes with Guerin's carcinoma in presence of induced hypothyroidism.Materials and methods. The dynamics of tumor growth and average life span were assessed in white alley rats of both sexes with Guerins carcinoma transplanted subcutaneously on the background of thyreostatic induced hypothyroidism. RIA (radioimmune assay) and ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) methods were used to determine levels of thyroid hormones in the blood and thyroid and tumor samples, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the hypothalamus, as well as TSH in the pituitary gland. The experiment included 2 control groups: animals of both sexes with hypothyroidism (control group 1, number of rodents = 15) and animals with subcutaneously transplanted Guerin's carcinoma without hypothyroidism (control group 2, number of rodents = 15).Results. Hypothyroidism in female rats inhibited the tumor growth and improved median survival by 1.8 times (p &lt; 0.05). No such effect was observed in males of the main group. Levels of regulatory peptides of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland declined in females of the main group, while levels of TSH in the pituitary gland in males increased, despite a decrease in TRH by 3.5 times. TSH levels decreased in the thyroid and blood of animals of both sexes; however, a decrease in levels of total and free circulating thyroxine (T4 and FT4) by 1.6 times and by 2.8 times was found in the tumor, respectively; samples of Guerin's carcinoma in males of the main group remained saturated with T4 and FT4 as well as and in control group rodents without induced hypothyroidism.Conclusions. The gender differences in the pathophysiology of the tumor development in presence of hypothyroidism, as well as changes in the functional activity of the HPT axis in experimental animals revealed in this study can probably be associated with sex hormones, which requires further study of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and steroid hormones in peripheral organs and tumor samples.