Male College Research Articles

The Role of Spirituality for Black Male Community College Students

ABSTRACTThrough a qualitative study, the authors aim to understand how does spirituality influence Black male community college students’ success. Spirituality has various definitions between races, cultures, and environments, it is important to define spirituality and to understand the context in which it connects with the demographic spirituality is interacting in. The authors define spirituality as an amalgamation of prevailing thought, which consists of individual beliefs that may or may not be associated with a religious institution, but yet provides meaning to an individual’s life. Black male community college students use familial, aspiration, social, and linguistic capitals throughout their daily interactions with society and the world, to understand how spiritually and God, influences their lives, academic accomplishments, and behaviors.

Relationship between Anthropometric Parameters and throwing Velocity among male Undergraduate College students: A Pilot study

Relationship between Anthropometric Parameters and throwing Velocity among male Undergraduate College students: A Pilot study

Hamstring Flexibility Can Predict Lower Body Anaerobic Power Production in Recreationally Trained College Males

The aim of the present study is to examine the effects of hamstring flexibility on anaerobic power production in recreationally trained college males (n=20) aged 18+ years. A standard sit and reach test was used to determine flexibility levels in the participant’s hamstring muscles. A standard 30 s Wingate test was used to calculate relative anaerobic power produced by the lower extremity. The participant’s fatigue index was also calculated and related to the participant’s hamstring flexibility. Correlation analysis was performed at a statistical significance level of p ≤ 0.05. Sit and reach scores did not significantly predict relative mean power and predict fatigue index (f (1,18)=2.58, p=0.126; (f (1,18)=1.71, p=0.207). However, sit and reach scores significantly predicted peak power (f (1,18)=7.92, p=0.011); relative peak power (f (1,18)=5.31, p=0.033) and mean power (f (1,18)=8.82, p=0.008). In Conclusion, Implementing flexibility specific programs into sports training may have a positive effect on performance in sports involving a power component.

Crossing the Threshold From Porn Use to Porn Problem: Frequency and Modality of Porn Use as Predictors of Sexually Coercive Behaviors.

According to recent statistics, as many as one in five female college students are victims of sexual assault during their college career. To combat what has been called the "Campus Rape Crisis," researchers have attempted to understand what variables are associated with sexually coercive behaviors in college males. Although investigators have found support for the relationship between pornography consumption and sexually coercive behavior, researchers typically operationalize pornography use in terms of frequency of use. Furthermore, frequency of use has been assessed vaguely and inconsistently. The current study offered a more concrete assessment of frequency of use and an additional variable not yet included for pornography use: number of modalities. Beyond examining the relationship between pornography use and sexual coercion likelihood, the current study was the first to use pornography variables in a threshold analysis to test whether there is a cut point that is predictive of sexual coercion likelihood. Analyses were conducted with a sample of 463 college males. Results indicated that both pornography use variables were significantly related to a higher likelihood of sexually coercive behaviors. When both frequency of use and number of modalities were included in the model, modalities were significant and frequency was not. In addition, significant thresholds for both pornography variables that predicted sexual coercion likelihood were identified. These results imply that factors other than frequency of use, such as number of modalities, may be more important for the prediction of sexual coercive behaviors. Furthermore, threshold analyses revealed the most significant increase in risk occurred between one modality and two, indicating that it is not pornography use in general that is related to sexual coercion likelihood, but rather, specific aspects of pornography use.

“Boy’s Club:” Examining sexist humor on types of sexism and femininity ideology using two research approaches

AbstractThe current study examined sexist humor and participants’ level of sexism and femininity ideology using two research approaches: (1) a quasi-experimental design in which participants were primed with sexist humor and (2) a correlational approach using content analysis to estimate exposure to sexist humor in media. It was hypothesized that exposure to sexist humor would influence viewer’s sexist views and femininity ideology. It was also hypothesized that the quasi-experimental design would yield confirmatory results of our initial hypothesis while the correlational design would not. Participants included 1,559 male and female college students who were randomly assigned to three experimental conditions (viewed sexist humor, viewed non-sexist humor, viewed no videos) and then answered questions related to sexism and femininity ideology followed by general demographic items and media viewing preferences. Results confirmed that the quasi-experimental design, in comparison to the correlational design, yielded more confirmatory results in that those exposed to sexist humor had higher scores on all outcome measures examined. Limitations of priming and content analysis are discussed as well as directions for future research.

Psychosocial correlates of HPV vaccine acceptability in college males: A cross-sectional exploratory study

BackgroundMost college males are not immunized against the human papillomavirus (HPV) and are at high risk of HPV infection. Most research of correlates of HPV vaccine acceptability in college males has assessed vaccine acceptability as a binary outcome, e.g., vaccinated or not vaccinated, without considering that some students may not even be aware that the HPV vaccine can be given to males. Our objective was to evaluate the psychosocial correlates of HPV acceptability in college males, based on multiple stages of HPV decision-making. MethodsWe used an online questionnaire to collect data from college men aged 18–26 enrolled at three Canadian universities between September 2013 and April 2014. Vaccine acceptability assessment was informed by the six-stage decision-making Precaution Adoption Process Model (PAPM). We sought information on socio-demographics, health behaviors, HPV vaccine benefits and barriers, worry, susceptibility, severity related to HPV infection and social norms. HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge was measured with validated scales. Psychosocial correlates of HPV vaccine acceptability were assessed with bivariate and multivariate multinomial logistic regression. Actual and perceived HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge scores were calculated. ResultsThe final sample size was 428. Most male college students were unaware that the HPV vaccine could be given to males, unengaged or undecided about getting the HPV vaccine. Significant correlates of higher HPV vaccine acceptability were: increased HPV knowledge, having discussed the HPV vaccine with a healthcare provider, and social norms. Being in an exclusive sexual relationship was significantly associated with lower HPV vaccine acceptability. Students' actual HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge was low and positively correlated to their perception about their HPV knowledge. ConclusionsWe provided a fine-tuned analysis of psychosocial correlates of HPV vaccine acceptability in college males who are in the early stages of HPV vaccine decision-making. Interventions are needed to increase HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge in college males.

The relationships between personality characteristics, cognitive control, and risk behaviors in male and female college students

The relationships between personality characteristics, cognitive control, and risk behaviors in male and female college students

Empirically derived classes of eating pathology in male and female college students

ABSTRACTBackground: The empirical structure of eating disorder (ED) pathology has often been studied in female, clinical samples, leaving questions about the structure of ED pathology in males and nonclinical samples. Method: A latent class analysis was performed on data combined from two different studies (N = 1,751) using the behavioral items in the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q; binge eating, self-induced vomiting, laxative use, and excessive exercise), with the addition of an item representing restraint. Validation analyses examined weight, shape, and eating concern among the classes. Results: Three similar classes emerged for both the men and women’s models: very low ED behaviors, binge eating, and high ED behaviors. Discussion: These results suggest that binge eating occurs within the context of lower symptom and higher symptom presentations, and that the empirical structure of ED symptoms does not differ in men and women in the nonclinical population. Further research is needed to clarify whether ED phenotypes differ in men and women.

Gender Differences between Psychological Well-Being

The study was undertaken to study the psychological well being of male and female college students of district Jalna (M.S.). The sample of the study Consisted 100 college students (50 male students and 50 female students). Randomly secreted from Difference College of Jalna District. Devendra Singh Sisodia and Pooja Choudhary by psychological wellbeing scale was used data collection. The data collected was statistically treated by using mean, SD and one way ANOVA. The findings of the study revealed that there is significant difference between male and female college students on psychological well-being. Furthermore the results highlight that female student has high psychological well-being, efficiency, mental health and interpersonal relations as compared to male students. Male students have high satisfaction and sociability than female college students.

Effect of Dominant and Non Dominant Leg between Male and Female University Student Majoring in Judo during the Cutting Performance

Effect of Dominant and Non Dominant Leg between Male and Female University Student Majoring in Judo during the Cutting Performance

Posttraumatic Stress, Coping Flexibility, and Risky Drinking Among Trauma-Exposed Male and Female College Students: The Mediating Effect of Delay of Gratification

ABSTRACTBackground: The co-occurence of posttraumatic stress (PTS) and risky drinking has been demonstrated in diverse populations, including college students. However, the mechanisms underlying this co-occurrence, as well as the protective factors that may reduce risky drinking among trauma-exposed college students have yet to be fully understood in the literature. Objectives: The present study builds upon self-regulation theories and previous empirical work to determine whether the effects of PTS and coping flexibility on risky drinking were mediated by delay of gratification among trauma-exposed college students. In addition, the potential moderating effect of gender on these relationships was examined. Methods: Participants included 624 trauma-exposed college students (68.4% female) attending a public university in the southeast region of the United States. Data were collected through an online survey. The hypothesized model was examined using a multigroup structural equation modeling approach. Results: As hypothesized, PTS had a significant, positive indirect effect on risky drinking through delay of gratification; however, the effect of PTS on delay of gratification was stronger for males than for females. Results also indicated that the indirect effect of coping flexibility on risky drinking through delay of gratification was significant and negative for males and females.Conclusions/Importance: The findings of this study suggest that delay of gratification might be an important mechanism underlying the co-occurrence of PTS and risky drinking. In addition, our results highlight the potential benefits of coping flexibility for college students coping with PTS.

Gender Norms and Discourses Informing College Men’s Perceptions of Heteronormative Sexual Health Responsibilities and HPV Prevention

Focus group data revealed that despite reporting expectations for high levels of sexual activity, college men primarily identifying as heterosexual were ambivalent about sexual health responsibility and their role in preventing human papillomavirus (HPV). Participants identified shared sexual health responsibility as an ideal but invoked heteronormative gender discourses to rationalize inequality in partnered sexual health. Self-categorization processes based on gender may prevent college males from engaging self- and partnered protective behaviors. Yet, self-categorization processes also enabled college men to envision a future relational identity as husband and father in which they engaged protective sexual health behaviors. Although discourses may signify latent benevolent sexism, they may also make room for behavior change through dissonance or messages encouraging superordinate categorization that urges engaging in preventive sexual health behaviors regardless of gender. Implications for self-categorization processes in HPV prevention are discussed.

Family Size Preferences in a College Student Sample

Background:Family size preferences and birth rate vary across culture, gender, religion, race/ethnicity, and time; yet little is known about how or when people decide how many children to have. Sociobiology suggests that women should invest more time and effort into the decision than men.Objective:The study’s purpose is to examine family size preferences in a sample of male and female college students.Method:A sample of childless, college-aged participants (n=394; 58.7% women) completed a survey about their desires concerning procreation (e.g., “How many children do you want to have?” “How committed to that number are you?” “How old were you when you picked this number?”).Results:Women reported deciding how many children they ideally wanted at a younger age than men, being more committed to that number, and having given it more careful thought. Women also wanted to have their first child at a younger age than men, although men wanted marginally more offspring overall. Participants who used birth control wanted fewer children than those who did not. There were few differences as a function of religion or race/ethnicity.Conclusion:Family size preferences were consistent with sociobiological predictions, with women knowing how many children they wanted at a younger age than men, being more committed to a specific number, having given the matter more careful thought, and wanting to start childbearing at a younger age. Thus, despite recent cultural and societal changes, biological imperatives still appear to influence decision making about this most fundamental of behaviors.

Psychometrics of the Instrument Measuring Beliefs Related to Drug Abuse among Iranian College Students

Background: Researchers in the field of drug abuse need standard instruments in order to investigate the underlying factors behind the inclination to use drugs in different groups of society so that they could be able to design preventive interventions based on those instruments. The aim of this study is psychometrics of the questionnaire of the beliefs related to drug abuse among Iranian male medical college students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 425 male students who were randomly selected to participate voluntarily in the study conducted in two medical universities in Iran. The studied constructs included attitude, outcome expectation, outcome expectancies, self-control and subjective norms. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (ver. 21.0) and Amos software (ver. 21.0). Results: All of the loads of the exploratory factorial analysis were larger than 0.4. The calculated Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) value was 0.906. Overall, five factors under investigation accounted for 61.15 per cent of the variance in the hypothesized model. Cronbach’s alpha for the measured constructs including attitude, outcome expectation, outcome expectancies, self-control and subjective norms were 0.92, 0.90, 0.91, 0.81 and 0.73, respectively. Conclusion: The investigated questionnaire is adequately reliable and valid for measurement of the constructs of attitude, outcome expectation, outcome expectancies, self-control and subjective norms for prediction of drug abuse among Iranian male medical college students.

A Study on Sexual Knowledge, Sexual Attitudes, and Reproductive Health Promoting Behaviors in Male and Female College Students

A Study on Sexual Knowledge, Sexual Attitudes, and Reproductive Health Promoting Behaviors in Male and Female College Students

Parent and Peer Attachment and Assertiveness in College Students

Attachment is a deep and enduring emotional bond that connects one person to another across time and space. Assertiveness can be defined as the ability to express one’s own thoughts, feelings, and beliefs in an explicit and appropriate manner, and to show respect for other’s rights while protecting one’s own. The present quantitative study uses a between group design to study the differences between male and female college students with respect to levels of parent attachment, peer attachment and their dimensions (viz., trust, communication and alienation) and assertiveness. The relationship between mother attachment, father attachment, peer attachment and assertiveness was analysed in both the groups using a correlational design. Purposive sampling was used to collect the data from male (N=200) and female (N=200) college students. Inventory for Parent and Peer Attachment and Rathus Assertiveness Schedule was used. Independent t-test results indicated no difference between males and females with respect to parent attachment, peer attachment and assertiveness. Correlation results indicated a significant positive relationship between assertiveness and the dimensions trust and communication of mother attachment. There was a negative correlation between assertiveness and trust of father attachment and a positive correlation between assertiveness and alienation of father attachment. A negative correlation between assertiveness and the dimensions trust and communication of peer attachment and a positive correlation between assertiveness and alienation of peer attachment were also indicated with correlation. Results also revealed difference in the levels of assertiveness among college students having dominant mother, father or peer attachment. The present study reiterates earlier findings on attachment. Assertiveness in college students could help them build their individual character and personality and help in interpersonal interactions.

The consultation of rugby players in co-developing a player health study: feasibility and consequences of sports participants as research partners

Plain English summary Many funding bodies within the United Kingdom and globally have encouraged public involvement in research. The Department of Health has also called public involvement a sign of good research. Despite the wide acceptance of public involvement improving many aspects of research, from its design to its communication, involvement has varied levels of implementation across different fields of research. Sports people have rarely been involved in research, partly as this research tends not to be funded by mainstream funding bodies. This may lead to a lower research quality, not founded in player (‘service user’) experiences.When creating a study of former rugby player health, we were very keen to involve rugby players, understand their thoughts on player health, and their playing experiences. This article explains how rugby players were involved in several ways, but mainly in group discussions during the design stage. These groups helped to inform our study’s aims and questionnaire, ensure the questionnaire would capture player experiences and answer questions relevant to players, that they would like to understand after their participation in rugby.We found that these groups were easy to arrange, and that in only one session with each group, we were given many ideas of how to improve the questionnaire and study. We believe that other studies in sports should involve sports people, and that this is a useful activity that will change data collection forms and processes, improving the research, helping researchers, and making studies more suitable for players who take part in them.Background Patient and public involvement (‘involvement’) in the UK has increased in accordance with funding requirements, patient-centered health policy initiatives and reporting of the positive impact of involvement for those involved, research and researchers. However, involvement has not been implemented equally across all disease areas and populations. The aim of this process was to involve rugby players across the research cycle of a player health study, ensure the study is player-centred, and that players had approved and informed the design of the study and its questionnaire from their playing experiences.Methods Two group discussions were undertaken with current students who were playing rugby at a Collegiate University. All male and female University rugby players and two College rugby teams were approached to become involved. Sessions were chaired by a player-lead using a topic guide and were audio-recorded and transcribed. Player suggestions were extracted by the player-lead and discussed within the study team for inclusion in the player health study and its questionnaire.Results Players readily engaged with the sessions and made many contributions to the development of the study and the questionnaire. Players discussed whether certain topics were being collected satisfactorily, and whether the questionnaire would encompass their playing experiences or that of other players. Players suggested where answers might be less reliable, and ways in which this could be improved. Players recommended additions to the questionnaire, and questioned researchers on the choice of language, motivation for question inclusion and if measures were standardised or novel. Alterations were made to the questionnaire based on suggestions, where these were agreed by the study team.Conclusions Involving a group of players in the design of a player health study and questionnaire was not an arduous process and was rewarding for researchers. The process resulted in numerous alterations to the questionnaire and its functionality, which may improve response rate, the experience of players participating in the player health study, and their ability to report relevant information aligned with their previous experience. Player involvement in research was feasible to implement and improved not only the questionnaire, but also researcher confidence in the project and player experiences being accurately captured and leading a reliable data collection processes in a population with the potential for cultural bias to affect the ascertainment of health, pain and injury.

Gender role expectations and the prevalence of women as assistant coaches

ABSTRACTWhile the percentage of women head coaches of collegiate teams has consistently declined since 1972, the number of women assistant coaches continues to rise and currently represents the largest group of women employed in college athletics. Because the positions of head coach and assistant coach place similar demands on the women in these roles, the differing trends for these positions are perplexing. Utilizing a framework of role congruity theory and symbolic interactionism, this study considers whether women are clustered in the assistant role because head and assistant coach positions are gender typed, with the head coach being masculine typed and the assistant coach being feminine typed. 403 male and female college athletes were asked to match gender traits with either an assistant coach or a head coach. Results show that masculine traits are aligned with head coaches more than assistant coaches.

Dietary Analysis and Body Composition of Male and Female Costa Rican College Soccer Players

Dietary Analysis and Body Composition of Male and Female Costa Rican College Soccer Players

Relations between Basic Psychological Needs and Health-Related Fitness Measures in Male and Female College Students

Relations between Basic Psychological Needs and Health-Related Fitness Measures in Male and Female College Students