Male College Research Articles

Measuring the Effect of Carbohydrate Mouth Rinsing on Late Positive Potential Responses using Electroencephalogram (EEG)

The current study intended to advance comprehension regarding the impact affective neurobiological changes can have on cognition and athletic performance. Two primary objectives of the study sought to: 1) Further establish understanding of the mechanisms behind using carbohydrate mouth rinsing to enhance performance and 2) Provide additional support for particular unidentified oral receptors. Male and female University students (n=24) completed four experimental trials where solutions were mouth rinsed for 30 seconds (three x 10 seconds) prior to electroencephalogram (EEG) and affective picture processing (APP) testing. The solutions included water, taste-matched artificial sweetener, taste-matched and artificially sweetened maltodextrin, and taste-matched glucose. Following the rinsing bouts, participants viewed and categorized 60 randomized pictures (30 positive and 30 neutral) while late positive potential (LPP) EEG amplitudes and latencies were amassed for future analysis. After omitting four outliers, the midline-electrode Fz produced statistically significant (p=0.03) results when sorting and analyzing each solution independently for the positive and neutral picture sets. The relative difference between the positive and neutral LPP amplitudes as a function of solution was least pronounced for artificial sweetener (positive=-0.87 μV, neutral=-1.17 μV) and most clearly differentiated for maltodextrin (positive=-0.37 μV, neutral=-1.62 μV). The current study supports and augments previous research that suggests carbohydrate mouth rinsing utilizes central mediated mechanisms to enhance athletic performance. Additionally, the superior LPP activity exhibited by maltodextrin further supports the potential existence of an unidentified receptor within the oral cavity.

Examination of Physical Activity and Life Quality Levels of University Students in Terms of Related Factors

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between physical activity levels and life quality of Amasya University students. The universe of the study consists of university students studying in 6 faculties of the University of Amasya during the 2018-2019 academic year and the sample is composed of 331 (162 female, 169 male) university students. As data collection tools, in order to determine the level of physical activity (Craig, et al., 2003) by the improved validity and reliability study in Turkey (Öztürk, 2005) in order to determine the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. For the deremination of life quality, Fidaner’s (1999) “World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Short Form” was used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods, independent sample t-test and single factor variance analysis (One-Way ANOVA). As a result of the analyses; 262 students attending the research stated that the physical activity areas of the faculties were insufficient and 69 students stated that they were sufficient. When the body mass indexes of the participants were examined, it was found that the majority of 76.4 % of the participants had normal BMI (Global Database on BMI, WHO, 2004) classification. A significant difference was found in the psychological and environmental dimensions of students’ life quality in goodness of the students habiting at home. When it is classified according to physical activity score, it is seen that 65 students studying at the Faculty of Education have a high Met level, while 33 students studying at the Faculty of Medicine have low Met level. It was concluded that students with high levels of MET have higher total life quality scores than students at other levels of MET.

남녀대학생의 1인 가구 선택의향에 관한 연구

남녀대학생의 1인 가구 선택의향에 관한 연구

Leisure Loyalty: The Role of Involvement and Constraints

Although the effect of leisure constraints and involvement on loyalty has drawn attention in recent years, there are a limited number of studies for bicycle users. For this purpose, we investigated a) the main constraints for enrolled university students and the level of loyalty, b) the impact of perceived constraints on bicycle use c) the relationships between variables (leisure constraints, involvement, and loyalty) in the present study. This study consisted of 498 (289 female and 209 male) university students. When the main constraints of university students’ participation were examined, the highest constraints average scores were determined as "infrastructure", "laws and legislation" and "physical and economic" constraints, respectively. The regression analysis demonstrated that bicycle constraints significantly influenced both leisure involvement and loyalty. Besides, the sub-dimension attraction and self-expression of involvement significantly affected participation loyalty. In conclusion, these results suggest that marketing strategies could be improved to strengthen leisure involvement and to minimize constraints in order to increase loyalty.

Examining HPV Awareness, Sexual Behavior, and Intent to Receive the HPV Vaccine Among Racial/Ethnic Male College Students 18-27 years.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) awareness and vaccination among males in the general population is low. Men in general, but particularly racial/ethnic men, are disproportionately affected by HPV. The purpose of this article is to examine college males’ (a) HPV awareness, (b) sexual behaviors, and (c) intention to receive the HPV vaccination. A non-probability sample of all students who self-reported their race/ethnicity and were attending a university in Southeastern United States were contacted by the university registrar’s office and recruited to participate in the 15-minute survey. Males, ages 18–27 years (N = 190), were identified for this study. χ2, t-tests, and binomial logistic regression analyses assessed the relationship between knowing about HPV and HPV vaccine and the intent to receive the HPV vaccination. Findings indicated that 67.4% of the sample identified as Hispanic or Black. Among all men, 73.2% reported previous sexual experience and 49.5% were currently sexually active. There were 79.5% who had previous knowledge about HPV and 55.8% had knowledge about the HPV vaccine; 71.1% of the sample did not intend to receive the vaccine. Hispanic and Black men were less likely to identify as virgins, more likely to be sexually active, and more likely to have sexual experiences at an earlier age compared to White, Asian, and other men. Men with previous HPV vaccine knowledge (28.4%) were more likely to intend to receive the vaccine compared to men who did not have previous knowledge about the vaccine (14.9%). Providing males with information about HPV, its transmission, and possible HPV-related outcomes may increase HPV vaccine uptake.

Comparison of Factors Affecting Diet Factors in Male and Female University Students

Comparison of Factors Affecting Diet Factors in Male and Female University Students

Bridging the Theoretical Gap: Using Sexual Script Theory to Explain the Relationship Between Pornography Use and Sexual Coercion.

Research has consistently shown a relationship between pornography use and sexually coercive behaviors, but this inquiry has yet to fully examine the theoretical mechanisms through which this relationship works. The current study will use a theory that has gained support and attention as a way to understand the relationship pornography use has with general sexual behaviors, but has not been widely used to explain its relationship with sexually coercive behaviors: the sexual script theory. In this theory, scripts are attitudes and ideas about what behavior is acceptable, desirable, and pleasurable, which exist at the societal, personal, and interpersonal levels. Using items that assess all three levels of sexual scripts, a path analysis was used to examine whether sexual scripts mediate the relationship between pornography use and sexual coercion likelihood in a sample of 463 college males. Results of the study provide further support for the theory as a way to explain the relationship between pornography use and sexual behavior, and, in particular, sexually coercive behavior. Findings from the analysis also indicate that the various levels of scripts interact with each other and work together to influence likelihood of sexual coercion, providing further insight into how sexual scripts are manifested in behavior. Finally, the results suggest that pornography use is a multidimensional construct comprised of variables extending beyond frequency of use, such as number of modalities used to view pornography. Future research should continue this line of inquiry, expanding on the operationalization of sexual scripts and pornography use, to strengthen these findings and better illuminate the theoretical understanding of the relationship between pornography use and sexual coercion.

The Most Common Translation Problems Encounter the Saudi Students in Translating Selected Arabic Literary Items and their Point of Views behind these Problems

The current study aimed to investigate the most common translation problems that encountered the Saudi students in translating some of the literary items from Arabic into English. In addition, the study tried to investigate the most difficult terms that the students faced while translating them. Moreover, it aimed to explore the participants’ point of views behind such translation problems. To achieve the purpose of the study, a translation test, which involved 20 items and expressions, was prepared in advance. Furthermore, an interview was made to the participants to ask them about their point of views concerning the reasons behind encountering such translation problems. The sample of the study consisted of 15 male fourth year English-majored university students, who were chosen purposefully, at the University College of Taymaa in the first semester of the academic year 2017/2018 in Saudi Arabia. The design of the study was a qualitative as well as quantitative method. The data that were obtained from the participants’ answers in the translation test as well as the participants’ point of views in the interview were analyzed using the appropriate statistical analyses. The findings of the study showed that the students’ achievement in translating the items of the terms of address was the best compared with their results in the other two groups (lexical and cultural). Moreover, the analysis of the students’ interviews indicated that the lack of practice and lack of translation courses are a main reason in facing such these problems. Based on the findings, the researcher presented some recommendations and suggestions to develop students’ translation competence such as increasing the number of the translation courses that are presented to the students in their studying to have more practice in the process of translation. Moreover, more concentration should be given to the lexical, cultural, and terms of address problems in translation. Besides, students must be trained on how to use the bilingual dictionaries in the process of translation to get the intended meaning while rendering from Arabic into English and vice versa.

Person- and Incident-Level Predictors of Blame, Disclosure, and Reporting to Authorities in Rape Scenarios.

Rapes perpetrated during college are both common and underreported. Research highlights that several person- and incident-level factors relating to gender and sexuality may diminish reporting, by themselves and as they pertain to attributions of blame for the assault. In this study, male and female college students (N = 916) read vignettes describing a rape perpetrated by a man against a woman, a man against a man, or a woman against a man. Participants rated the blameworthiness of both perpetrator and victim and rated the likelihood that they would disclose the rape to social ties or health services or report it to authorities if they were in the victim's position. We found that male gender and heterosexual orientation predicted higher victim blame, lower perpetrator blame, and lower likelihood of disclosure, although relative endorsement of masculine gender ideology seemed to be driving these associations, as well as predicted lower likelihood of reporting to authorities. Controlling for other factors, vignettes portraying a woman raping a man led to a lower likelihood of disclosing or reporting the assault, compared with a male-on-female rape. We also found that the effects of female-on-male rape and traditional masculine ideologies tied to rape disclosure partially by decreasing blame to the perpetrator, which itself carried a unique influence on decisions to report. Our findings overall indicate that factors related to gender, sexuality, and blame have myriad influences and may contribute to low rates of disclosing rape to important outlets.

VARIABLES EXPLAINING THE ONLINE LEARNING READINESS LEVEL OF STUDENTS: TURKISH VOCATIONAL COLLEGE EXAMPLE

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relative importance of previous web-based course familiarity, computer ownership, computer use (years), amount of time spent on a computer (hours/day), social media use (Facebook), e-mail checking frequency, and smartphone use on online readiness of students. These are often provided as selective demographic characteristics in online learning readiness literature, yet their relative importance on online readiness has not been studied. The study was conducted on 633 male military vocational college students, involved in an online teaching environment. Online Learning Readiness Scale and a detailed information sheet were used for data collection purposes. The data were analyzed through a hierarchical linear regression analysis in four steps. According to results, nearly 17% of the variation in students’ online learning readiness levels was explained by the predictor variables. First, as pre-entry characteristics, previous web-based course familiarity, computer ownership, texting and Internet use by a mobile phone explained 8%. In the second order, variables referring further engagement behaviors with technology, computer use in years and the amount of time spent on a computer (hours/day) explained an extra 4.5%. Third, the variables, corresponding to regular/habitual use, Facebook use and e-mail checking frequency, explained another 4.5%. The results indicated that previous web-based course familiarity, the computer use (years) and e-mail checking frequency were the significant variables, predicting students' readiness to online learning. Article visualizations:

Abstract C91: Exploring the role of social determinants on HPV vaccine intentions and uptake among ethnoracial minority college students

Abstract Background: HPV-related diseases and cancers disproportionately affect low-income and ethnoracial minorities. HPV vaccines have the potential to reduce ethnoracial disparities in HPV-related diseases and cancers; however, HPV vaccine uptake has remained sub optimal. To achieve the greatest impact, public health campaigns should focus on improving HPV vaccine coverage where it is weakest. They should also explore more subtle but potentially significant determinants of HPV vaccine initiation and completion. The social determinants of health approach may be useful in explaining the disparities in HPV vaccine uptake rates. Methods: Ethnoracial minority male and female college students (n=956) recruited from a large public university in the southeast US completed a 20-minute web-based survey in the fall of 2011. Survey items were adapted from previous research of psychosocial HPV studies among men and women, and were based on constructs from the Health Belief Model and Social Cognitive Theory. This analysis examined self-reported data on participants' sociodemographics, HPV knowledge, HPV vaccine status, intent to receive HPV vaccination, and the importance of health provider recommendation for the HPV vaccine. Univariate analyses examined the sample distribution; bivariate analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between sociodemographics and HPV knowledge, intent, and importance of provider recommendation; and multinomial logistic regression analysis examined associations between the importance of a provider to recommend the HPV vaccine and HPV-related variables previously listed in the bivariate analysis. Results: The mean age of the sample was 23.6 years (SD=6.629) years. The sample was mostly women (74.4%), Hispanic or Latino/a (46.3%), not married (75.4%), insured (76.9%), and completed 2 years or less of college (41.9%). Frequency distributions indicated that 88.5% reported that they were knowledgeable about HPV, 79.7% reported that they were knowledgeable about the HPV vaccine, and 62.1% had a place where they could receive the vaccination. In addition, 29.6% of the sample reported receiving at least 1 dose while 22.7% of the sample reported that they intend to get the HPV vaccine. Bivariate analyses showed that participants most likely to have previous HPV knowledge were women (91.8%; p < 0.001) and participants with an undergraduate or graduate degree (92.2%; p = 0.036). Participants who were most likely to have previous HPV vaccine knowledge were most likely to be women (86.8%; p < 0.001), possess an undergraduate or graduate degree (88.7%; p=0.001), and married (87.7%; p < 0.001). Participants who reported having received at least one dose were more likely to be women (37.7%; p <0.001), have completed 2 years of college or less (35.7%; p <0.001), and not married (31.8%; p=0.01). Those who had 2 years of college or less (27.9%; p<0.001) and not married (25.2%; p=0.01) were more likely to intend to get the HPV vaccination compared to participants with more education and married, respectively. Participants who indicated that the importance for a health care provider to recommend the HPV vaccine was very important were most likely to have 2 years of college or less (52.9%; p=0.02).Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that participants who do not believe that the provider recommendation is important or somewhat important were less likely to have received a dose of the vaccine (p<0.001), and less likely to have a place to receive the vaccination (p=.008; p=.003, respectively). Conclusions: As ethnoracial minorities continue to grow in the United States over the next several decades, it is imperative that we not only improve HPV vaccination rates overall, but also focus on high-risk populations to prevent HPV-related disparities. Taking a social determinants of health approach in HPV-related disease and cancer prevention will be necessary to achieve equity and eliminate HPV-related disparities. Citation Format: Natalie D. Hernandez, Dexter Cooper, Stephanie Kolar, Christopher Wheldon. Exploring the role of social determinants on HPV vaccine intentions and uptake among ethnoracial minority college students [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr C91.

Disordered eating: Influence of body image, sociocultural attitudes, appearance anxiety and depression - a focus on college males and a gender comparison

This study is the continuation of a broader eating disorder study with a focus on males, which examines the influence of body image, sociocultural attitudes, appearance anxiety, and depression on d...

Parental Confirmation and Emerging Adult Children’s Body Image: Self-Concept and Social Competence as Mediators

Through a lens of confirmation theory, this study examined how parental confirmation acceptance and challenge was related to emerging adults’ body image, and how these associations were mediated by social competence and self-concept. This study also examined whether the hypothesized links differed by parental and child sex. Male and female college students ( N = 447) completed an online questionnaire. A multiple-group analysis generally supported the proposed mediation model, providing a somewhat complex picture of associations among key concepts in terms of which component of confirmation was associated with certain components of body image and through which mediator varied as a function of parental sex. Unlike parental sex, child sex played a minimal role in the current study. This research underscores the utility of employing a confirmation perspective in understanding the mechanisms of how family interactions are related to body image.

Spiritual Intelligence as a Correlate of Mental Health of Male and Female University Students

This study aimed to observe the effect of spiritual intelligence on mental health among university students. The sample comprised o f200 university students (100 males & 100 females) doing post-graduation with the age range of 19-27 years. The tools used for data collection were The Spiritual Intelligence Scale (King, 2008) and The Mental Health Inventory (MHI-38) (The RAND Corporation, 1983). Pearson's Product Moment Correlation was applied to find out the effect of four dimensions of spiritual intelligence (i.e.. Critical Existential Thinking, Personal Meaning Production, Transcendental Awareness & Conscious State Expansion) on the six component of mental health (i.e.. Anxiety, Depression, Loss of Behavioral/Emotional Control, General Positive Affect, Emotional Ties & Life Satisfaction). The results depicted that among male students: Anxiety had a negative and a significant correlation with personal meaning production, transcendental awareness and conscious state of expansion. Depression had a negative and a significant correlation with personal meaning production and transcendental awareness. Loss of behavioral/emotional control had a negative and a significant correlation with personal meaning production and transcendental awareness. General positive affect was positively and significantly correlated with conscious state of expansion. Whereas, the result revealed that among female students: Loss of behavioral/emotional control was significantly and a negatively correlation with personal meaning production and consciousness state of expansion. General positive affect had a significant and positive correlation with conscious state of expansion. Life satisfaction was significantly and positively correlated with personal meaning production and conscious state of expansion. Thus, it can be concluded that spiritual intelligence had a positive effect on mental health of the selected sample.

남녀 대학생의 지각된 공정성과 이성교제만족도의 관계에서 갈등해결전략의 조절효과

본 연구는 대학생의 지각된 공정성이 이성교제만족도에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고,지각된 공정성과 이성교제만족도의 관계에서 갈등해결전략의 조절효과를 성별에 따라 검증하였다.연구 가설의 주효과로는 지각된 공정성이 이성교제만족도에 미치는 영향을 설정하였고,조절효과로는 둘 간의 관계에서 부정적 갈등해결전략이 남녀차이를 나타낼 것으로 예상하였다.연구 결과로는 지각된 공정성과 이성교제만족도는 정의 관계를 나타내었고,남자의 경우에는 “양보”와 “지배”가,여자의 경우에는 “회피”와 “지배”가 조절효과를 나타내었다.본 연구는 지각된 공정성과 이성교제만족 간의 관계에서 갈등해결전략의 성차에 따른 조절효과를 살펴보았다는 점에서 의의를 가질 수 있겠다.이러한 연구결과를 토대로 대학생들의 이성교제에서 지각된 공정성의 중요성과 다양한 갈등해결전략의 차별적 효과에 대해서 논의하였다.

Sexual assault interventions may be doing more harm than good with high-risk males

Based on legal requirements and other considerations, there have been many well-meaning interventions intended to reduce sexual assault on university campuses throughout the US. There is no legal requirement, however, to evaluate the effectiveness of these programs, and few evaluations have been conducted. Those that have suggest that at best only a small number of these interventions have been effective and those involve bystander interventions. More importantly, there has been very little research examining the effects of such interventions on men at high risk for sexual aggression, who presumably are a key target of such interventions. Research on similar campaigns in other domains should have alerted investigators to the possibility of boomerang reactance effects wherein interventions can actually have the opposite of the intended effects for high-risk college males. The few studies that directly have examined this possibility indeed are supportive of the substantial likelihood of such negative effects. Commonly used interventions may fail with high-risk men because they are likely to generate “hostility reactance” — one of the key causes of both sexual violence itself and the unintended adverse effects of the interventions. We address the question of why universities have failed to address this possible effect of interventions and why previous reviews have not highlighted this possible danger.

Risk and Prevalence of Self-Perceived Voice Disorders in Male and Female University Professors

Risk and Prevalence of Self-Perceived Voice Disorders in Male and Female University Professors

Perceptions related to cardiovascular disease and physical activity behavior in Arab men: A qualitative study

ObjectivesTo describe the daily physical activity of Arab men living in the United States and to understand how perceptions of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk influence their inclusion of physical activity into their daily routine. MethodsA qualitative descriptive method using a semi-structured face-to-face interview with each participant was conducted. Twenty young college males (age 26 ± 4 years) were recruited from Arab American community centers. ResultsThe qualitative inductive content analysis revealed three main themes: impact of perceived CVD risk on physical activity behavior and perceived barriers and motivators to be physically active. Arab men primarily perceived gaining weight as the most important CVD risk factor that could promote their physical activity behavior. ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that unawareness about CVD risk and barriers to regular physical activity must be considered in any intervention to engage Arab men in regular physical activity.

Black Male Persistence in Spite of Facing Stereotypes in College: A Phenomenological Exploration

Stereotypes often create threatening environments for Black males on college campuses. This study sought to break the deficit narrative surrounding Black males in college by highlighting how they persisted despite facing stereotypes. Six participants were included in this study. Through interviews and naturalistic observations, we explored how participants articulated their experiences with stereotypes, how they dealt with those experiences, how the experiences shaped future endeavors, and how they used strategies to dispel stereotypes and persist through threatening experiences. Findings suggest (a) the participants dealt with internalized feelings due to stereotypes; (b) stereotypes were reinforced in various ways; and, (c) they persisted despite stereotypes by confronting, ignoring, and dispelling stereotypes, as well as alleviating pressures associated with stereotypes. In addition, the participants offered advice for other Black males as they matriculated through college. The paper closes with a discussion, which includes implications for practice and future research.

Do novice and experienced rowers adopt different pacing strategies and do their physiological and metabolic responses show optimisation?

<p>El objetivo fue evaluar las estrategias de ritmo y las respuestas metabólicas y fisiológicas de remeros novatos y experimentados, en distancia de 2000m. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 7 remeros universitarios y de clubes, 5 de los cuales eran novatos (edad 22.4±2.6 años, altura 182.6±8.4 cm, peso 79.7±8.9 kg), y 2 experimentados (edad 23.0±4.2 años, altura 194.1±4.1 cm, peso 90.3±2.0 kg). Todos los participantes realizaron una prueba de 2000m en un ergómetro de remo, seguidos por 3 pruebas en orden aleatorio (500m, 1000m, 1500m) a la velocidad y tiempo de carrera establecidos según la primera prueba de 2000m. La última sesión fue un test de <sub>2max</sub>. Durante estas pruebas se realizó análisis de gases, hematología, frecuencia cardiaca, tiempos parciales, velocidad de carrera y distancias. La acumulación de lactato en sangre (BLa) en los remeros novatos se incrementó progresivamente y se estabilizó en los últimos 500m. Los remeros experimentados aumentaron gradualmente la acumulación de lactato, pero lo mantuvieron en el tercer cuarto (1000-1500m), lo que les permitió mayor acumulación en el cuarto final (1500-2000m). El volumen de consumo de oxígeno ( <sub>2</sub>) aumentó linealmente hasta los 500m finales en los remeros experimentados, mientras que en los remeros novatos fluctuó durante toda la prueba. Respecto al ritmo, los remeros novatos siguieron la estrategia “all-out” esperada, mientras que, inesperadamente, los remeros experimentados disminuyeron la velocidad progresivamente hasta el punto medio (1000m), en el que mantuvieron una velocidad de 5.10m<sup>.</sup>s<sup>-1</sup>. Estos resultados sugieren que a un determinado nivel fisiológico y metabólico, los remeros experimentados están más adaptados a las demandas de una regata de remo de 2000m. Sin embargo, parece que no siempre siguen una estrategia “J-Shaped”.</p>