Anti-feminist Research Articles

Voice of Protest in Nepali Poetry by Women

This article explores feminist voice in selected poems of four Nepali female poets. They are: "Ma Eutā Chyātieko Poshtar" ["I, a Frayed Poster"] by Banira Giri, "Pothī Bāsnu Hudaina" ["A Hen Must not Crow"] by Kunta Sharma,"Ma Strī Arthāt Āimai"["I am a Female or a Woman"] by Seema Aavas and "Tuhāu Tyo Garvalai" ["Abort the Female Foetus"] by Pranika Koyu. In the selected poems they protest patriarchy and subvert patriarchal norms and values that trivialize women. The tone of their poems is sarcastic towards male chauvinism that treats women as a second-class citizen. The poets question and ridicule the restrictive feminine gender roles that limit women's opportunity. To examine the voice of protest against patriarchy in the selected poems, the article takes theoretical support from French feminism, though not limited to it. The finding of the article suggests that Nepali women have used the genre to the political end, as a medium to advocate women's rights.

A Discourse on Gender Asymmetry in Khaled Hosseini’s A Thousand Splendid Suns

This paper is an attempt to explore gender disparities in Afghanistan from a South-Asian perspective. Social and cultural construction of Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Srilanka is more or less similar. Women suffer at many levels i.e. domestic, social and institutional leading to dehumanizing, belittling, oppressing in sexist terms. The theme concerns widespread violence in Taliban regime outside and at the domestic front at the same time. The girls are seen as economic liability while the boys are proof of social and economic security. The socio-political conditions and male hegemony are the two oppressive instruments under which the Afghan women suffer silently. The three women characters of the novel, Mariam, Laila and Nana fall prey to political and cultural stigmas. They are silenced and made invisible objects in the hands of their father, husband and male chauvinists of the society. It is a kind of double affliction, the women of the novel are compelled to undergo the overlapping oppression of hegemonic masculinity amid social and cultural expectations. It also investigates the female characters’ attempts of resistance to such discriminatory practices.

Interview with Tunde Kelani

AbstractIn this interview with the Nigerian filmmaker, Tunde Kelani, film scholar Tunde Onikoyi explores the universe of Kelani’s cinematic vision, particularly as it relates to Thunderbolt (2002) and Dazzling Mirage (2014). Although produced twelve years apart, what binds them is a common humanitarian narrative temperament. Onikoyi and Kelani discuss his films in broader terms, exploring literary references, Kelani’s interest in health, and how cinema convey his creative tendencies. The interlocutors investigate the effects of “magun,” male chauvinism, and patriarchal idiosyncrasies in contemporary Nigeria. Kelani shares his filmmaking vision, and reflects on the future of Nigerian cinema in framing African story-telling.

Kunti’s cry: Responses in India to the cause of emigrant women, Fiji 1913–16

The publication in August 1913 of a letter attributed to Kunti, an Indian woman in Fiji, raised an outcry in India. First, the Hindi press took it up; then the Marwaris of Calcutta organised a campaign for the relief of emigrant labourers; and finally, the protection of Indian women in Fiji became a part of the nationalist campaign against indentured labour. This article examines the ideological basis of the agitation, arising from traditional male chauvinism merging with the anti-colonial upsurge, treating especially the reaction in the Hindi press, the Marwari intervention and the nationalist campaign.

Marriage is a Mirage

Indian female writers attempt to depict the problems of women in the modern society dominated by male chauvinism and in rural India in particular, touching the feministic sensibilities. These female writers handle astonishing variety of themes. Among the women modern writers of fiction Kavery Nambisan occupies a unique place for more than one reason.She has begun her literary career by writing numerous children’s books. Female characters in her novels truly feel that love and marriage are not mere accidents but it is a trap and a cage where emotional stress haunts them through lack of care, bondage and love.
 The character ‘Shari’ of Kavery Nambisan’s second novel Mango–Coloured Fish (2000), is a young girl, who is caught in a complex, entanglement of uncertainties and disillusionments, and she has different notions about the institution of marriage. Nambisan successfully depicted the contemporary younger generation pre and past marriage dilemmas and ordeals effectively and lively. The protagonist Shari wants to trace out her self-identity and freedom in this world and this is clearly presented in the novel Mango –Coloured Fish.

La cara femenina de la policía en el giallo italiano actual

After a brief historical excursus about Italian giallo and woman’s debut as its main character, this essay focuses on female protagonists as members of police institutions and their characterization through key samples. The purpose consists in increasing the academic studies dealing with current Italian giallo as a social mirror and breaking out of the male chauvinism bias of the genre and the police institution that is no longer realistic.

Women in leadership: Interrogating associated covert and overt Paranoia

The issue of gender and leadership, especially of women in leadership, has undoubtedly remained a crucial subject matter of discussion in contemporary politics and leadership not only in Africa, but globally too. Scholars have made several attempts to express their different shades of opinions regarding the issue based on their individual consciousness and understanding of the issue as the case may be. This has thus given rise to the prevailing scale of mixed feelings that always surround discussions about the issue; thus entrenching a strong feeling of paranoia about it. Through qualitative research approach, explored through observation and analytical literature review, and further anchored on the Functional Leadership Theory, the paper interrogates the covert and overt manifestations of the feeling of paranoia that often attend the issue of women in leadership generally. It makes a case for not only integrating women in leadership positions in every sphere of life in the society, but also in giving them a chance at the top where it really matters.
 Keywords: Gender, Leadership, Male Chauvinism, Paranoia, Patriarchy, Politics, Women

Islamic Feminism from A Liberal Muslim Perspective

The challenge addressed herein are impacts from feminism on Muslims in particular. The authors discuss this based on an understanding of the position of women in the west vis-à-vis variegated Muslim societies. Some believe that Islamic feminism obtains full sovereignty for women and thus gel with western rejection of male chauvinism and dominance with arguments straight from the Quran. Liberal Muslim feminists believe a woman must be given equal considerations in various circumstances to include inheritance rights, legal testimony and so forth. Based on hermeneutic interpretations, socio-historical analysis and relativism, Muslim feminists believe the Quran needs a robust dusting and reinterpretation that allow socio-historical reconsiderations for this worthy cause. Since Muslim societies embrace Islam and its prevailing patriarchal culture, it is difficult to accept the concept of Islamic feminism. This paper investigates feminism from a liberal muslim perspective. A literature review provides a thematic analysis that refers to emerging trends in gender issues. Findings reveal that ideas and practices regarding rights and freedom seek to enhance the status of women. The discussion solely focuses on historical and contextual analysis to realize the expanding potential of feminism’s path to freedom of choice in the Islamic context.

Connecting Structures: Resistance, Heroic Masculinity and Anti-Feminism as Bridging Narratives within Group Radicalization

This article pursues two objectives. First, it provides a literature review of research on group radicalization and, second, building on previous research about narratives and their influence on radicalization, it introduces a new concept for comparative radicalization studies: bridging narratives. We use this term to address commonalities in the ideological elements found across various radicalized groups. As narratives shape perceptions of the world and guide processes of identification, they assume an important (internal) function in group formation. At the same time, various radical groups (ethnic nationalists, Salafist-jihadists and militant leftists) share core ideological elements, commonalities that can lead to the creation of new coalitions and unexpected alliances (an external function). The common factor among them are constructed conceptions of the adversary – be they modernity, universalism, Jewish people or feminism. Such constructions allow for the fabrication of an enemy as well as specific conceptions of hierarchical social orders. We analyze two examples in this context: anti-feminism (including heroic or toxic masculinity) and the resistance dispositif that promotes vigilante terrorism. This approach allows us to investigate processes of group radicalization while also taking into account their ideological content as well as the formal effects of such content on processes of group-building and the dynamics of radicalization. In the final section, we provide recommendations for action.

Профилактика гендерного насилия: множество точек зрения, единый дискурс? / пер. с исп. Н. Дормидонтовой, А. Кашина, К. Персовой, Е. Яниной

Органический закон 1/2004 о комплексных мерах защиты от гендерного насилия (LO 1/2004) предполагает формальное признание мужского шовинизма и связанного с ним насилия вопросом государственной важности в Испании, так как речь идет о нарушении прав человека. Такой вид насилия можно расценивать как результат исторически сложившегося неравноправия мужчин и женщин и постоянной дискриминации женщин, поэтому необходимо предпринимать комплексные меры и сделать ставку на профилактику. Спустя годы после принятия LO 1/2004 наше общество все еще страдает от последствий гендерного насилия. Задача по профилактике остается нерешенной на всех этапах, равно как отсутствует и исчерпывающая оценка применения этого закона. Цель настоящей работы заключается в формулировании критических замечаний о так называемой вторичной профилактике гендерного насилия, о трактовке этого понятия и его применении в различных сферах: социальной, правоохранительной и юридической.

Trabajadoras sexuales de Cochabamba: una aproximación sociodemográfica

Objetivos: identificar el perfil sociodemográfico de las trabajadoras sexuales del departamento de Cochabamba. Método: el estudio fue no experimental, transversal y descriptivo, realizado en el Centro Departamental de Vigilancia, Información y Referencia - CDVIR, con una muestra de 433 trabajadoras sexuales. Presenta un nivel de confianza de 95% y error muestral de 4,63%. El instrumento fue un cuestionario autoaplicable validado por el Comité de Docencia e Investigación del Instituto Psiquiátrico San Juan de Dios, en el cual se utilizaron variables que fueron sometidas a estudios de frecuencias y medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Se cumplieron con los principios de la Declaración de Helsinki. Resultados: las trabajadoras sexuales son jóvenes, provenientes de la zona urbana de las ciudades del eje troncal del país, no tienen compañero fijo, tienen hijos, un alto nivel de escolaridad, no practican ninguna religión, consumen bebidas alcohólicas con regularidad, iniciaron la vida laboral y el trabajo sexual a temprana edad, sin familiares conocedores del trabajo, menos de cinco años de ejercicio de la actividad, deseos de dejar el trabajo sexual, pero sin condiciones de hacerlo por las necesidades económicas. Conclusiones: las mujeres que ejercen el trabajo sexual tienen una carga familiar alta y dificultades de acceder al mercado laboral formal para generar ingresos para subsistir y mantener la prole, resultado de la feminización de la pobreza, del machismo de la sociedad y estilo social patriarcal, asociado al desamparo del Estado. Es necesario cambiar el paradigma de la mujer en la sociedad para cambiar esta realidad.

“She sat at the window”: women’s portrait in Joyce’s (1914) and Chopin’s (1894) short stories

In this research we analyse the construction of the female identity in the short story “Eveline”, written by James Joyce in 1914, and “The Story of an Hour”, written by Kate Chopin in 1894. Also, we identify if and, if so, how the male characters present in both narratives influence the attitudes of their protagonists, Eveline and Louise, as well as what they might mean for the construction of both tales. Our main theoretical framework is that of gender studies, inasmuch as women’s role in literature has usually been defined by men who are marked by a tendency of reproducing patriarchal and male chauvinist patterns and objectifying female identity. Feminist literary criticism, thus, gives room for women to be seen in literature, as well as it gives a place of speech for women to fight against these consolidated patterns of phalocentrism. Our findings demonstrate how Joyce’s “Eveline” (1914) and Chopin’s “The story of an hour” (1894), although written over one hundred years ago, have still much to say concerning the patterns of women representation in a patriarchal society. Our hope, with this article, is to raise awareness for the relevance of gender studies as an analytical lens at a moment when the urgency of changing women’s role in society seems to have become unquestionable.

Dalit Feminism: A Voice for the Voiceless in Aruna Gogulamanda’s “A Dalit Woman in the Land of Goddesses”

Dalit Feminism is feminism, which has great significance in the contemporary casteist society. It aims at equality, right, and justice for the lowest strata of the society, that is, Dalit Women. Aruna Gogulamanda’s “A Dalit Woman in the land of Goddesses” focuses on the double-edged swordf marginalization, which a Dalit woman has to suffer in the patriarchal casteist era, both as a woman and also as a Dalit. She is a poet who articulates her voice for the voiceless section of the society, that is, the Dalit women, who are suppressed in the hands of male chauvinism.

DISCOURSE OF NATURALIZATION OF THE PSEUDO-NATURAL EQUALITY IN GENDER HIERARCHY: A WOMAN MADLY IN LOVE

The study is an attempt to concentrate on the discourse of subjugation and marginalization of ‘weaker’ gender in the hierarchy of social construction. The endeavour is made to delve deep into the heart of the social structure, follows underneath from the marginalized perspective of a woman that is of Farida Cooper in the novel. In the novel she fights all the odds and inconveniences as she faces in this society of male chauvinism. She wants to live her life on her own terms despite all the obstacles and difficulties in the society and family as well. Family is the place where the power politics between the genders is ingrained and from here patriarchal discourse begins to force women to live the life of periphery with non-existence.

ARBITRARY RULES OF PATRIARCHY: A PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE OPPRESSOR AND THE OPPRESSED IN WHERE THERE IS A WILL

The present paper intends to deal with the arbitrary rules of patriarchy in the play ‘Where There is a Will’ by Mahesh Dattani. The attempt of the paper is to depict the rule of one man in the house that curbs the liberty of each and every family member. The psychological interpretation of the play aims at studying the minds of the oppressor and the oppressed. Dattani’s play deals with the unfair imposition of male chauvinism to rule the lives of other family members that result in arguments and detachment. The paper focuses to deal with the various incidents of the play to highlight the superficial authoritative attitude of the patriarch of the house. The portrayal of the general mind set is to be dealt with in the paper so as to clarify the fact that the oppressed class is highly burdened with the superiority of the males in the selected play. The paper discusses how a patriarch crosses all his limits to control the lives of his family members even after his death. The present paper tries to point out the fact that the oppressor and the oppressed both are responsible for the deteriorating condition of the whole society. The paper has to justify the title to the extent so as to target the futility of ruling over the minds.

Condemnation of Patriarchal Preeminence in Sula

Published in 1973, the black writer Toni Morrison’s novel Sula narrates a journey of the main protagonist Sula, who after learning that male chauvinist forces have perennially stunted her spontaneous growth, decides to protest and rebel against those very forces. This article analyzes the novel from feminist lens to explore how far the main protagonist Sula denies hierarchical order of male superiority. The paper provides critical remarks about Sula, then employs feminism as a theoretical tool, and applies the same theory to analyze the text to present Sula’s resistance.

A Study Of Spectators Perception About The Women Objectification In Commercials Of Pakistani Electronic Media

The Western media has conducted extensive research on the objectification of women and has now become an established research field for feminist scholars. However, in Pakistan, the representation of women in television advertising and their objectification has received little attention. This research paper tries to describe the point of view of the spectators in contrast to the women objectification in TVCs. Survey research technique has been applied for the examining the views of 200 respondents of the survey and were classified based on gender. Usually, the advertisers use women as the marketing object to attract the attention of the consumers .The study reveals that women are portrayed as sex object for sexual satisfaction due to male chauvinist society. This study concludes that portrayal of women in advertisements is objectified sexually and uses women as commodity to capture the consumers. Overall evidence of female portrayal as a sex object is found in television commercials in Pakistani media and these commercials do not reflect culture and traditions of Pakistan.

A COLIGAY E AS MEMÓRIAS DOS TORCEDORES DO GRÊMIO

Diferentes manifestações associadas ao futebol produzem representações de gênero e sexualidade dentro de uma lógica heteronormativa, machista e homofóbica. No Brasil, as manifestações verbais realizadas pelos torcedores nos estádios passaram a ser colocadas em questão. Em 2016, a FIFA impôs sanções pecuniárias à CBF pelo comportamento dos torcedores durante jogos das eliminatórias para a Copa do Mundo de 2018. No Grêmio podemos entender que vivemos certa “ressurreição” da Coligay, torcida homossexual do clube entre o final da década de 1970 e início de 1980. Não chegamos a vislumbrar a hipótese de seu retorno à Arena neste momento, entretanto um livro e um curta metragem já foram produzidos sobre ela e o clube “oficializou” sua existência em seu novo museu inaugurado no início de 2016. Através de diálogos com pequenos grupos de torcedores no estádio, no dia dos jogos, buscamos saber como estes indivíduos percebem, enquanto sujeitos torcedores, esse ressurgimento da Coligay. Os embates do presente produzem ressignificações acerca do passado das torcidas e da história dos clubes, em particular acionando os marcadores gênero e sexualidade.

Ideology Towards Gender in the Postcolonial Scenario

Post colonialism involves the study of the experiences in terms of slavery, migration, suppression and resistance, race, gender, culture and education of ex-colonial societies all over the world. In order to rise the attention and understanding of these factors, colonized people wrote literary works which remain as a documentary proof of imperialism. The main ideology of discrimination in postcolonial is that the West looked down the East as the “Other”. The aim of this study is to explore the gender issues in the post-colonial scenario and how males and females are portrayed in the selected postcolonial literary texts: short stories such as “Post master’ written by an Indian writer Tagore, and “Divorcee’, a Nigerian story, written by Ken Saro Wiwa. This study is based on descriptive and analytical methodology incorporating postcolonial gender based postcolonial and sociological theories. The findings reveal that the female characters are dominated, discriminated and degraded by the male counterparts. Thus, it can be possible to say that the ideology of post colonialism clearly defines the gender marginalization in the male chauvinist society.

Country of Women? Repercussions of the Triple Alliance War in Paraguay

Skewed sex ratios often result from conflict, disease, and migration, yet their long term impact remains less understood. The War of the Triple Alliance (1864-1870) in South America killed up to 70% of the Paraguayan male population. According to Paraguayan national lore, the skewed sex ratios resulting from the conflict are the cause of present-day low marriage rates, high rates of out-of-wedlock births and a generally male chauvinist culture. We collate historical and modern data to test this conventional wisdom in the short and the long run. We examine both cross-border and within-country variation in child-rearing, education and labor force participation in Paraguay over a 150 year period. We find that more skewed post-war sex ratios are associated with higher out-of-wedlock births, more female-headed households, and better female educational outcomes, even after the first returned to normal. Cross-country comparisons suggest that Paraguayan women are less likely to be employed than those in neighboring districts in Argentina and Brazil, but that within Paraguay, they are more likely to be employed where the sex ratio shock was more severe. The impacts of the war persist into the present, and are seemingly unaffected by variation in economic openness, uncertainty, or traditional norms.