Male Carpenter Research Articles

Identification of thoracic gland constituents from maleXylocopa spp. latreille (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae) from arizona

Some male carpenter bees (Xylocopa spp.) possess massive propodeal exocrine glands that produce copious quantities of multicomponent blends of lipoidal material. Some of these compounds are volatile, producing a "flowery" aroma that can be easily detected several meters downwind from a territorial male. Chemical characterization of these secretions showed them to be blends of terpenoid compounds or fatty acid derivatives. InX. varipuncta, the mixture is composed of alltrans-geranylgeraniol, alltrans-farnesal, and an isomer of 3,7, 11-trimethyl-2,7,10-dodecatrienal in an approximate 9∶6∶1 ratio. The secretion ofX. micheneri contains isopropyl oleate, (Z)-11-eicosen-1-ol, oleyl alcohol, and methyl palmitate at approximately 63∶24∶11∶1. We hypothesize that these compounds act as pheromones that aid in attracting and holding conspecific females to symbolic nonresource encounter sites where mating occurs. They also appear to have utility as chemotaxonomic markers at the subgeneric level.

Growth rate and the cost of calling activity in male carpenter frogs, Rana virgatipes

Energy stress during the breeding season and relationships between calling activity and growth were investigated in male carpenter frogs, Rana virgatipes. This species has a prolonged breeding season of up to three months in Southern New Jersey. Monthly collections made in 1985 revealed that both dry mass and percent body lipid decreased throughout the breeding season but sharply increased at the end of the breeding season. Observations of free-living males showed that small males were more likely to gain mass than large males during the breeding season. All males gained mass at higher rates after the breeding season. A simultaneous record of calling activity and mass change was obtained for 42 males. Males called on 95% of nights, indicating that they rarely ceased their reproductive activities. Small males tended to have low calling efforts and high growth rates. When the effect of initial mass was removed, growth rate was negatively correlated with calling effort among small males. This is the first demonstration of a direct tradeoff between a reproductive activity and growth in an anuran.

Histopathological changes of the nasal mucosa in active and retired nickel workers.

Histological examinations were made on nasal biopsy specimens from the middle turbinate in 318 active and 15 retired nickel workers and in 57 controls, to study the prevalence of nasal carcinoma or possible precancerous mucosal changes in nickel-exposed individuals. The histopathological changes were evaluated according to a point-score scale, and the results were correlated to age, smoking habits, duration and type of nickel exposure and to nickel concentrations in nasal mucosa, plasma and urine. The explanatory values of these factors on the histopathology were estimated by stepwise multiple regression analysis. Two nickel workers from the roasting/smelting department (0.6%), both employed 28 years at the plant, had nasal carcinoma. Epithelial dysplasia was found in about 12% of active and 47% of retired nickel workers. One of the controls, a male carpenter, had dysplasia. These histopathological changes may be precancerous lesions, as they are almost exclusively found in active and retired nickel workers with enhanced risk of nasal carcinoma. Loss of respiratory epithelium and development of squamous epithelium were regarded as unspecific histopathological changes. These changes were seen in all groups, even though in significantly higher incidence in the nickel-exposed groups. Duration of nickel exposure, type of nickel-refining work and tobacco consumption were the independent variable that, taken altogether, had the highest explanatory values for the histopathological changes.

Bees of India (Apoidea), their Behaviour, Management and a Key to the Genera

Abstract Most people know the honey bees, Apis mellifera, and perhaps also the big black carpenter bees, Xylocopa spp., so conspicuous on the plains and favourite subjects for romantic poetry. As early as Vedic times, several sorts of bees were generally recognized. The “bhramara,” “bhowra” or carpenter bees (Xylocopa) were apparently used to carry messages, as homing pigeons are used today. These bees can return to their nests when released as far away as four kilometres, and they are large enough to carry small pieces of paper glued to the thorax. An ingenious technique was used by thieves, who kept some of these bees in a small box “bhramara-karandaka,” from which they were released at night, to fly into and extinguish lamps in the houses to be robbed (Monier-Williams, 1899). In ancient and modern poetry, these insects symbolize a libertine, lover or bearer of love messages; their beauty is also appreciated, for instance, “In Chet, agreeable is the Spring and beautiful the bhowra” (Sri Guru Granth Sahib). The territorial hovering, courtship, and fighting of male carpenter bees was called bee sport or “bhramara vilasita” in Sanskrit (Monier-Williams, 1899).

Chemoreceptor Responses of All Castes of a Carpenter Ant to Male-derived Pheromones1

The mandibular gland secretion of male carpenter ants ( Camponotus herculeanus [L.]) stimulates females to swarm from the nest and into flight when male flight is at a maximum (Holldobler and Maschwitz 1965). In the laboratory the male mandibular gland secretion elicited a slight excitation in workers, but males did not respond. Brand et al. (1973a, b) subsequently identified the major volatile components in the mandibular glands of C. herculeanus as methyl 6-methylsalicylate and 3,4-dihydro-8-hydroxy-3-methylisocoumarin (mellein). The same compounds dominated the secretions of 2 closely related species, C. pennsylvanicus (DeGeer) and C. ligniperda Latreille.

Caste-Specific Compounds in Male Carpenter Ants

Three caste-specific substances new to arthropod glandular secretions occur in the mandibular glands of male ants of five species in the genus Camponotus. These volatile compounds, which are not found in alate females or workers, have been identified as methyl 6-methyl salicylate, 2,4-dimethyl-2-hexenoic acid, and methyl anthranilate. The free acid has not been described previously.

Vascular Insufficiency of the Colon as a Complication of Abdominal Aortic Surgery

Vascular insufficiency of the descending colon, as a complication of abdominal aortic reconstructive surgery, occurs with sufficient frequency that its radiological findings should be appreciated. The incidence of colon infarction following abdominal aortic resection varies between 1 and 10 per cent (Bernatz, 1960; Smith and Szilagyi, 1960). Since cases of this particular entity were difficult to find in the radiological literature, it was decided to report the following case. F.M., No. 142098, is a 60-year-old white male carpenter who entered Colorado General Hospital in September of 1962 with the chief complaint of progressive decrease in the calibre of his stools. In August of 1961 the patient was diagnosed as having porphyria hepatica. An abdominal aneurysm was also discovered at this time. A barium enema, done because of symptoms not too unlike those which necessitated his most recent admission, was interpreted as within normal limits (Fig. 1). A graft replacement of the aneurysm was contemplated, bu...

PRIMARY LUNG CANCER TREATED BY RESECTIONAL SURGERY, REPORT OF 2 CASES

1. The author presented two cases of primary lung cancer successfully treated by resectional surgery. 2. The 1st case was 42 years old house wife, diagnosed as round cell carcinoma histological. The onset of the symptoms was about one and half years ago. Right side upper lobectomy and partial resection of middle lobe was done and the patient is living well for 7 years after the surgery to day.(1964) 3. The second case was 56 years old male (carpenter as occupation), histological proved as squamous cell carcinoma. The onset was about two years ago. Treated by a resection of the middle lobe and survived for one year. 4. The author believes that a lasing cure may be expected in the 1st case and that it was very worthy while even in the second case as a palliative treatment. 5. Although the majority of the patients are still very afraid of the lung surgery in this country, these patients accepted it rather easily because of the diagnosis of the cancer, hopeless sentence otherwise, and the severe physical symptoms such as bloody sputum. chest pain and cough. 6. It is thought to be fhe first case report of successful treatment for primary lung cancer by pulmonary resection in this century in 1957. 7. Besides above tho cases the author has experienced three more operative cases of primary lung cancer, two cases were squamous cell type and inoperable, remaining one case was undifferentiated cell type and died few days after the pneumonectomy. If add up five more clinically diagnosed cases to above, it will make ten cases of primary lung cancer during last three years in the medical department of Pusan University Hospital and it means is not a rare disease even in this country in 1957.

Thyroid Dysfunction in a Patient with Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis

THE PROBLEM OF eosinophilia rarely focuses attention on the gastrointestinal tract. Instead, it brings to mind allergic disorders, parasitic infection, and diseases of the skin and hematopoietic system. Recent hematology texts do not mention the gastrointestinal tract as a cause of increased circulating eosinophils, except in parasitic infection. Eosinophilic granuloma of the gastrointestinal tract only occasionally is associated with an impressive increase in the eosinophilic count. Recently a patient with gastrointestinal symptoms, eosinophilia, and hypothyroidism was studied at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital. This unusual case is presented with a brief discussion of eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Report of a Case A 65-year-old male carpenter was admitted to the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in June, 1954, because of malaise, joint pain, shaking chills, fever, and profuse sweating. Penicillin therapy was ineffective and 2 days prior to entry he developed nausea and vomiting. Medical History .—Bilateral polycystic kidney disease was documented by urograms at

Guillain-Barré syndrome in infectious mononucleosis; report of a case with recovery following administration of cortisone.

THE PROTEAN manifestations of infectious mononucleosis include various neurological syndromes, most commonly a type of lymphocytic meningitis. 1 The Guillain-Barre syndrome is a rare and potentially serious complication. Although an exact enumeration of previously reported cases is difficult because varying diagnostic criteria were used, 14 probable examples of the Guillain-Barre syndrome in infectious mononucleosis may be cited 2 (Table). The 15th case, herein reported, is unusual for two reasons: (1) the patient was by far the oldest recorded and (2) recovery coincided with the administration of cortisone. Although cortisone has been reported to be of value in the treatment of other types of the Guillain-Barre syndrome, 3 its use has not previously been described in polyneuritis due to infectious mononucleosis. REPORT OF CASE A white male carpenter, aged 58 years, entered the Fresno Veterans Administration Hospital on April 5, 1952, because of increasing weakness of the legs and arms. Two months previously he