Diagnosis Of Male Breast Cancer Research Articles

93 The role of nurses in raising the awareness in early diagnosis of male breast cancer: a case report

93 The role of nurses in raising the awareness in early diagnosis of male breast cancer: a case report

Male Breast Cancer: 9 Year Experience and Review in Mid-Western Ireland

Introduction: Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare condition, which accounts for less than 1% of all breast cancer diagnoses. Because of this, there is a paucity of focussed work available and most data is derived from female breast cancer studies. Recently, there has been speculation of increased incidence, and we sought to verify this by reviewing our own experience with MBC. Methods and Materials: A retrospective analysis was designed to include patients seen at our institution from 1 st July, 2000 until 31 st July 2009, and information was derived from the patients' records. Results: Seven (7) patients were found, with an average age of 66.6 years. All patients had discovered their lumps on self- breast examination as their main presenting complaint, and none noted any other breast symptoms such as mastalgia, bleeding or discharge. Four (4) patients were found to have a family history for malignancy, including female breast, prostate, lung and gastric cancers and Hodgkin lymphoma. Two (2) patients were found to have been exposed to gynaecomastia-inducing agents for extended periods of time. One (1) patient had undergone chest wall irradiation for Hodgkin lymphoma 30 years prior to his diagnosis of MBC. 86% were diagnosed on histology, with 100% of these having ductal cancer, with 100% oestrogen-receptor positivity and 86% progesterone-receptor positivity. Conclusion: Patients with MBC are an uncommon within our institution. Features associated with its presentation compare to what is published within the literature.

Male breast cancer: clinical-epidemiological characteristics of 1189 Brazilian patients

Purpose: To describe the clinical-epidemiological features of male patients with breast cancer in Brazil.Methods: Data from male patients with breast cancer treated from 2000 through 2009 were obtained from the Brazilian Hospital Cancer Register databases. Descriptive statistics were performed.Results: A total of 1189 male patients were included. The mean age at diagnosis was 59.6 years (± 13.6). Tumours were categorised as clinical stage I (14.3%), stage II (38.3%), stage III (34.1%) and stage IV (13.3%). The most frequent histological type was invasive ductal carcinoma (83.7%). The first course treatment (alone or combined) consisted of chemotherapy in 53.2%, surgery in 49.2, radiation therapy in 36.8 and hormonal therapy in 21.0%; 3.4% of cases did not receive treatment. Treatment modality varies according to the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage. The inadequate response rate was 15.9%, and 7.4% of patients died after the first course of treatment. Adequate response according to the first-course cancer treatment, after adjusted for clinical stage, was associated with being Caucasian (odds ratio (OR) = 2.50; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.35–4.65) and submitted to chemotherapy (OR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.28–0.74).Conclusions: Male breast cancer diagnosis is often made in the advanced stage. Consequently, patients were subjected to more aggressive treatments, with poorer clinical response.

Bilateral synchronous breast cancer in an elderly man: A case report

Bilateral synchronous breast cancers are seen extremely uncommonly in men. In this report, we describe a case of synchronous bilateral breast cancer in an elderly male without any significant risk factor. A 75-year-old male was presented with mass in right breast. After thorough clinical evaluation he underwent modified radical mastectomy for excision of tumor. Histopathologically, it was invasive duct carcinoma of grade II, stage II and positive for estrogen and progesterone receptors. Patient was managed with radiotherapy, adjuvant chemotherapy and oral tamoxifen 20 mg daily. After three months new lump in contra lateral breast was noticed. Again patient underwent modified radical mastectomy with diagnosis of invasive duct carcinoma of grade II and stage II. He received radiotherapy and hormone therapy. We managed the case of synchronous bilateral breast cancer successfully at our center. After bilateral modified radical mastectomy patient received radiotherapy, adjuvant chemotherapy and hormonal therapy with tamoxifen. Proper clinical evaluation, mammography and fine-needle aspiration cytology play important role in diagnosis of male breast cancer. In depth studies focusing on etiopathology of the disease are necessary to optimize the management of male breast cancer patients.

Clinicopathologic characteristics and survival of male breast cancer

Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease and accounts for <1 % of all breast cancers. We retrospectively analyzed clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of MBC patients who were diagnosed in our hospital between March 2002 and March 2012. The median age of diagnosis of MBC was 62 years, which was 9 years older than female breast cancer (FBC) patients. The highest proportion of MBC patients was in the 50-59-year age group. The percentage of invasive ductal carcinoma in MBC was much higher than in FBC (P = 0.000). The positive rate of estrogen receptors in MBC patients (87.9 %) was significantly higher than in FBC patients (P = 0.048), whereas HER-2 was positive in 17.2 % of MBC patients, which was significantly lower than in FBC patients (P = 0.001). There was a consistent significant difference in luminal subtypes of FBC and MBC patients (P = 0.000). The overall survival rates of MBC were significantly higher than FBC (P = 0.004). HER-2-positive patients had a statistically worse prognosis than HER-2-negative patients (P = 0.040). Lymph node metastasis and larger tumor size were also associated with poorer prognosis (P = 0.056 and P = 0.088). The level of hormones was examined in 7 patients, and abnormal hormone levels were detected in 4. The FBC patients were significantly different from the MBC in clinicopathologic and prognostic characteristics. HER-2 positivity was an important factor for prognosis.

Analysis on the clinical and prognostic features of 71 male patients with breast cancer

Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease, with clinical and prognostic features still controversial. The aim of this study was to discuss the clinical characteristics and prognosis of MBC. Clinical data related to 71 MBC patients was reviewed. The radio of MBC to female breast cancer (FBC) was 42:10 000. Age related to the diagnosis of MBC ranged from 43 to 84 years with the median age as 62 years old, older than the FBC patients (t = 6.355, P = 0.000). The percentage of invasive ductal carcinoma in MBC patients was much higher than in FBC patients (χ(2) = 29.875, P = 0.000). The positive rate of estrogen receptor (ER) was significantly higher than those in FBC patients and the positive rates of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) were less frequently (χ(2) = 3.741, P = 0.048 and χ(2) = 12.845, P = 0.002) seen. Data from the univariate and multivariate analysis showed that the 3-, 5- and 10-year survival rates of MBC were 82.6%, 74.0% and 47.4% respectively, significantly higher than those in FBC patients (P = 0.004, P = 0.046). Patients with positive HER-2 showed worse prognosis than HER-2 negative patients in MBC patients (χ(2) = 4.219, P = 0.040). There were significant clinic-pathologic and prognostic differences between FBC and MBC patients. The HER-2 positivity seemed to be an important factor for the prognosis and treatment of patients with MBC.

Current status and progress of male breast cancer diagnosis and treatment

Male breast cancer is rare,it mainly caused by the interaction of the genetic factors,hormone levels,way of life,and the environment.Its clinical manifestations are indolent tumors.The diagnosis method includes clinical medical examination and imaging examination,and pathology examination.The treatment is in reference to the female breast cancer treatment model,including surgery,chemoradiotherapy and endocrine therapy.Tumor size and axillary lymph nodes involvement are independent predictors of overall survival. Key words: Breast neoplasms, male ; Therapy

Male breast cancer in veteran population: Retrospective analysis of VACCR database.

1031 Background: Male breast cancer (MBC) accounts for less than 1% of all breast cancers. Its rarity has to lead to extrapolation of its clinical, pathological characteristics and treatment from female breast cancer studies. Methods: A total of 939 patients diagnosed with male breast cancer from 1995 to 2009 were identified from the VA Central Cancer Registry (VACCR) database. Age, race, histology, lymph node status, hormone status, and type of treatment received data were collected. Results: Out of 939 patients, 697 (74.2%) were white, 227 (24.2%) were black, and 14 patients were listed as unknown. Median age was 68 years (range 23-93 years). Pathological T-stages were as follows:T1=237 (25.2%),T2=304 (32.4%),T3=25 (2.7%),T4=62 (6.6%), and unknown 259 (27.6%). Of the total, 681 (72.5%) were ductal carcinomas whereas 549 (58.5%) were ER/PR positive. 315 (33.5%) were lymph node positive, 325 (34.6%) were lymph node negative, and 299 (31.8%) were unknown. Histologically grade 2 (37.5%) was most commonly reported followed by grade 3 (23.4%) and in 25.7% grade was unknown. 292 (31.1%) patients received only surgery while 489 (52.1%) received surgery with adjuvant chemotherapy, radiation or a combination of both, 73 (7.8%) patients received either chemotherapy, radiation or hormonal therapy alone, 85 (9%) did not receive any therapy. After surgical resection, 287 (30.6%) received adjuvant hormone therapy.Overall median survival was 6.92 years. 5-year survival for each stage were as: stage 1= 80.6%; stage 2=59.8%; stage 3= 47.6%; stage 4= 25%. Median survival for lymph node positive patients is 6.4 years and in lymph node negative 9.4 years (p=0.003, HR 0.69). Conclusions: MBC survival rates are lower than female breast cancer. Median age of diagnosis of MBC is higher than their female counterparts and more than half of them are hormone receptor positive. Lymph node status plays a significant role in survival of MBC patients. Due to rarity of the disease further multi-institute studies are required for more in-depth understanding and analysis of this uncommon disease. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Matched-pair analysis of female and male breast cancer: a comprehensive cohort study.

Abstract Abstract #4129 Introduction:&amp;#x2028; Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease accounting for approximately 1% of all breast carcinomas. Due to the low incidence treatment guidelines based on prospective studies are lacking. Presently treatment recommendations are derived from the standards for female breast cancer. However, those approaches might be inadequate because of distinct gender specific differences in tumor biology of breast cancer. This study was planned in order to elucidate potential differences between female and male breast cancer in both tumor biological behavior and clinical practice.&amp;#x2028; Patients and Methods:&amp;#x2028; MBC diagnosed 1995-2007 (region Chemnitz/Zwickau, Saxony, Germany) was retrospectively analyzed. Tumor characteristics, treatment and follow-up of the patients were documented. In order to highlight potential differences matched-pairs of female and male breast cancer patients were created. Each MBC was matched with a female counterpart (FBC) that showed accordance in at least 5-7 tumor characteristics (age, TNM, grade, hormone receptors, HER2 stage).&amp;#x2028; Results:&amp;#x2028; FBC and MBC (n=113 patients each) were evaluable for this analysis. For MBC the following tumor characteristics were documented: &amp;gt;60% advanced stages (T2-4), only 6% well differentiated, 42.5% nodal-positive, 86% hormone-sensitive (ER-positive 79.2%, PR-positive 76.9%), 6.2% HER2 positive.&amp;#x2028; 83.2% of MBC had a mastectomy/axillary dissection (FBC 49.0%), 55% adjuvant radiotherapy (FBC 66.7%), 64% adjuvant systemic therapy (FBC 80.6%), 32.7% chemotherapy (FBC 49.5%) and 47.8% endocrine treatment (FBC 60.1%). 31% of MBC had a relapse (FBC 25.9%), 68.1% overall survival (OS) (FBC 70.4%), 98 months (FBC 76 months) median survival time. In univariate analyses reduced OS of MBC was significant associated with advanced tumor stages (p&amp;lt;.005), poor histological grade (p&amp;lt;.05), receptor negative (p&amp;lt;.05) and nodal-positive tumors (p&amp;lt;.05). Furthermore adjuvant radiotherapy showed survival benefit. However, in multivariate analysis only tumor stage showed statistical significance (p&amp;lt;.01). Regarding these tumor characteristics no OS differences could be observed between FBC and MBC. However, MBC showed a trend to a shortened survival for receptor negative tumors in comparison to FBC (p=.055).&amp;#x2028; Discussion:&amp;#x2028; 1. Delayed diagnosis of MBC; 2. Our study showed more advanced and undifferentiated tumors with a high percentage of nodal positivity; 3. In our analysis these unfavorable tumor characteristics were not related to a poor OS; 4. We found no significant differences regarding disease outcome between FBC and MBC; despite of a more aggressive adjuvant treatment for FBC. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4129.

Multiple primary tumors in men with breast cancer diagnoses—a SEER database review

Male breast cancer (MBC) comprises 1% of all breast cancers and less than 1% of cancer cases in men. After a diagnosis of MBC, men are at risk of developing a second primary cancer, particularly a second primary breast cancer. The objective of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the population of men diagnosed with a second malignancy, specifically a second MBC. Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, 4,873 male patients diagnosed with invasive or in situ breast cancer from 1973 to 2004 were identified and data from patients who developed a second MBC were reviewed. Additional non-breast primary cancer diagnoses were also recorded. A review of 4,966 records corresponding to 4,873 patients revealed 4,462 invasive and 504 in situ breast cancer events. Of the 4,873 patients, 93 (1.9%) were identified with a second MBC. Among the 4,873 patients with MBC, 1,001 (21%) have other non-breast primary cancer diagnoses recorded in the SEER registry. Although MBC is uncommon, these patients are at risk of a contralateral breast cancer and second primary non-breast cancers. Our findings support that men with breast cancer would benefit from continued long-term surveillance for breast cancer and appropriate screening for non-breast cancers.

Review article Male breast cancer - an andrological disease: risk factors and diagnosis

Gynaecomastia, the enlargement of the male breast, is considered as an andrological disease. To date, a review on male breast cancer (MBC) has not been published in an andrological journal. The papers underlying this review were published from authors of different institutions: Clinical Genetics, Dermatology, Gynaecology, Internal Medicine, Oncology, Pathology, Psychiatry, Radiology and Surgery. MBC accounts for approximately 1% of breast cancer patients. A total of 182 men died of breast cancer in 1999, in Germany. In the US, 1500 new cases per year occur. MBC accounts for <5% of surgically removed breast lumps. Diseases with increased oestrogen action increase the risk of MBC. Mutations of distinct genes are estimated to account for up to roughly 10% of MBC. BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations are responsible for approximately 80% of the families with hereditary breast cancer. The diagnosis of MBC is not possible without histological examination. Different diagnostic procedures such as clinical diagnosis, sonography, mammography, fine-needle biopsy and core needle facilitate the decision whether a biopsy is necessary.

Radiographic characteristics of male breast cancer.

The authors studied 171 male breast tumors (20 cancers and 151 benign lesions) from 1969 to 1977. A proposed symptomatic triad can lead to an early radiological diagnosis of male breast cancer, even without evidence of advanced disease: small mass, well defined contours, and eccentric location in relation to the nipple.