Male Bonnet Research Articles

A role for inhibin in regulating fsh levels in the adult male bonnet monkey

A role for inhibin in regulating fsh levels in the adult male bonnet monkey

Effects of O3 on submucosal gland of bonnet monkey trachea

In the past, ozone inhalation studies have focused on the lower airways and lung parenchyma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of ozone on submucosal glands of upper airways. Six adult male bonnet monkeys were exposed to 0.64 ppm ozone continuously for 7 days, and three were exposed to chamber conditions without ozone. The animals were exsanguinated under barbiturate anesthesia. The trachea and lung were fixed by airway infusion of Karnovsky's fixative, which was adjusted to pH 7.4 and 440 milliOsmols. Sagittal sections of ventral trachea were embedded in glycol methacrylate and Araldite 502 for light and electron microscopy. One micrometer methacrylate sections were stained with Alcian blue-periodic acid Schiff (AB/PAS). Selected areas of Araldite-embedded tissue were sectioned for transmission electron microscopy, stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and examined with a Zeiss EM 10. Volume percentages of the lumen, granular and nongranular regions of fhe gland and the duct wall, respectively, were estimated by stereologic methods on AB/PAS stained sections.

248. Role of prolactin(PRL)in regulation of the nocturnal surge of teatosterone(T) in the bonnet monkey (Macaea radiata)

Earlier studies from this lebordory have shown thet adult male bonnet monkeys exhibit nychthemrel rhythmicity la the secretion of serum 'T' the levele reehlng peek by 22OOhr. Of the gonedotropine cnelyeed only serum PRL showed a concommitent increme with T(Biol.of Reprod. 24,814, 1981). In the present study mMinietretion of l rgobromocryptin (EBC) either by i.v.route(2mg)or by naeel l pr~(100~)reeulted in blockade of nocturnal increase of both PRL end T(Controle T-18.6ng/ml: PRL 130=29ng/ml: EBC treated T-2.2&1.2ng/ml; PRL n.d.to 15nng/ml). Adminietretion of N oPRL could not reverse the effect of EBC. Although, increaeed serum PRL induced by injection of Chlorprommine did not result in increase in serum 'T' during the dey time, the nocturnel 'T' surge could not be obeeerved. EBC treeted monkeys, however, showed normal testosterone response to exogenous hCG. These IeSUlte a0 SwgeStive of high levels of PRL me&in6 reeponeiveneee of testes to tonic levels of serum IX. (Aided by grant8 from ICMR, Kew Delhi, WHO, Geneva eld FPF, India).

Diurnal variations of serum testosterone levels in the male bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata)

Diurnal variations in serum testosterone levels were studied in six adult maleMacaca radiata. Though the testosterone levels fluctuated considerably during the 24-hr period, a distinctive diurnal pattern characterized by lower concentrations during day hours and higher concentrations during night hours was observed.

Regulation of testosterone rhythmicity by gonadotropins in bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata).

In an attempt to study the factor(s) that regulates production of nychthemeral testosterone surges in adult male bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata), serum levels of testosterone, LH, FSH, and prolactin were monitored during a 24 h period. Only prolactin showed a significant increment in its levels coincident with that of the testosterone surge. The relationship between LH and testosterone production was studied by 1) observing the responsiveness of testes, in terms of testosterone production, to one or two injections of oLH (1 mg/injection) given 12 h apart at 0900 and 2100 h; and 2) monitoring the effect on testicular testosterone production of LH antiserum injection given at 1000, 1700, and 2100 h. That each LH injection brought about an increment in testosterone level of equal magnitude suggests that the difference in responsiveness of the testes to unchanging levels of LH at morning and night hours is not due to any alteration in substrate availability at the two time intervals. The LH antiserum experiments indicate that irrespective of the time of its administration the nocturnal surge of testosterone, which normally occurs at 2200 h, is blocked. While the antiserum prevents a rise in testosterone level, it appears not to influence basal testosterone production. The results further show that even at 2100 h, when surge testosterone production is already initiated, the testis is still highly sensitive to lack of LH, antiserum injection bringing about within 2 h a significant reduction in testosterone levels (by 69% in experimentals vs 11% in controls).

A need for FSH in maintaining fertility of adult male subhuman primates.

Adult fertile male bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata) were continuously deprived of endogenous follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) support for 240 days by injecting them with 1 ml of characterized monkey antiserum to oFSH every 48 hr; control monkeys received during the same period normal monkey serum instead. Testicular function was assessed at periodic intervals by (a) carrying out differential counting of sperm in the ejaculate obtained and (b) determining the hyaluronidase activity as well as in vitro 3H thymidine incorporation into DNA of testicular tissue removed at biopsy. Both the quality (viability and motility) of the sperms voided and the total sperm counts showed marked decreases as a function of time of immunization, the first significant reduction being noted by 100 days. FSH deprivation affected both the biochemical parameters used to test testicular functionality they being reduced at ∼200 days by 50%–60%. The fertility of these monkeys was evaluated at periodic times after 90 days of treatment by means of mating studies. FSH deprivation had rendered the monkeys incapable of impregnating any of the females used. Testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels remained unchanged following FSH antiserum injection. With cessation of antiserum treatment testicular function and fertility were completely restored to normalcy, indicating that the observed effect was specifically due to FSH deprivation. This study thus provides conclusive evidence for the involvement of FSH in maintenance of testicular function and fertility in the adult male primate.

Social development of bonnet macaques from six months to three years of age: A longitudinal study

Observations of age-sex class associations of three young female and five young male bonnet macaques born in the spring, 1975, were taken semiannually over three years beginning in the fall, 1975. Analysis reveals several patterns: (1) both males and females show continuous decline in association with age mates; (2) solitary time of females peaks at 1.5 years after which they begin to associate with adult females; (3) solitary time of males peaks at 2.5 years after which they associate predominantly with sub-adult males; (4) both males and females showed higher association with juveniles of the same sex than of opposite sex; and (5) both males and females showed annual cycles of association with some age-sex classes. These results are best understood with reference to the natural breeding cycle of the animals and the different life histories of male and female macaques in the wild.

Effect of Chronic Neutralization of Endogenous FSH on Testicular Function in the Adult Male Bonnet Monkey – Assessment Using Biochemical Parameters

The effect of long‐term passive immunization with a specific homologous antiserum to ovine FSH on testicular function in the adult bonnet monkey was studied. Testicular function was assessed by studying biochemical parameters such as hyaluronidase activity and the rate of incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA of testis in vitro.The above parameters were determined in one group of monkeys at 210 days and in another group at 130 days after initiation of antiserum treatment. The testis of both groups of monkeys showed a marked reduction in the rate of [3H]thymidine incorporation into testicular DNA as well as in hyaluronidase activity compared to the corresponding control animals. Further, on withdrawal of antiserum treatment in one set of monkeys, a clear recovery was observed in these parameters, thus demonstrating that the earlier observed effects were specifically due to lack of FSH.The results clearly indicate that chronic lack of FSH affects testicular function in the adult monkey and it is suggested that FSH could have a positive role in spermatogenesis in the adult sub‐human primate.

Effect of constant light on nychthemeral variations in serum testosterone in male Macaca radiata.

CIRCADIAN and seasonal variations in reproductive functions of mammals have been investigated extensively1. Serum testosterone exhibits a nychthemeral variation in man2–6 and the rhesus monkey7,8. Exposure of laboratory rodents which are nocturnal in habit to continuous illumination causes precocious puberty in immature rats and hamsters9, and constant oestrus in cycling rats due to elevated gonadotropins10. Conversely, prolonged exposure to darkness causes atrophy of testes in the hamster due to suppression of circulating FSH and LH11,12. Relatively less information is available on the effects of light on reproduction in the human and non-human primates. From a study of the effects of constant light on serum testosterone in the male bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata), we have found that M. radiata shows a nychthemeral variation in serum testosterone.

Sexual behavior during successive ejaculations in bonnet and pigtail macaques.

AbstractDuring tests of sexual behavior which permitted multiple ejaculations, male bonnet and pigtail macaques were found to differ on a number of traditionally defined behavioral parameters. Although pigtail tests were terminated by a more stringent criterion, they were longer in duration and more ejaculations were recorded than in the bonnet tests. Pigtail males required relatively more intromissions for initial ejaculations and somewhat fewer on successive ejaculations. Bonnets, on the other hand, generally ejaculated on the first mount of a test and then exhibited increased numbers of intromissions to successive ejaculations. Although both species exhibited increases in successive postejaculatory intervals, the changes were more gradual for the pigtails.

Sexual Behavior of Male Bonnet Monkeys in the Laboratory

Sexual Behavior of Male Bonnet Monkeys in the Laboratory