Male AIDS Patients Research Articles

Evaluation of therapeutic response to algorithm assisted improvement of oral mucosa damage in male AIDS patients

HIV/AIDS is now the biggest cause of mortality in Africa and the fourth highest cause of death globally. Half or more of HIV-infected individuals and as many as 80% of AIDS patients develop oral lesions. People living with HIV/AIDS may benefit from early testing, diagnosis, and treatment if oral lesions are detected, as they are the initial clinical characteristics of the infection and strong indicators of immunodeficiency. Oral candidiasis (OPC), oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL), oral Kaposi’s sarcoma (OKS), and HIV-associated periodontal diseases were the subjects of this comprehensive review designed to assess the available data for the management of these and other common oral mucosa damage that are linked to HIV. Further exacerbating the condition are host variables such as xerostomia, smoking, dental caries, oral prosthesis, diabetes, and cancer treatments. A separate portion of this Worldwide Workshop discusses the treatment of salivary gland illness linked with HIV. Oral mucosa injury in AIDS patients does not have a reliable diagnostic approach. Improving the early diagnosis of Oral Mucosa damage in male AIDS patients was the primary goal of this work, which sought to construct an Artificial Intelligence (AI) diagnostic model with high sensitivity. To demonstrate a Gradient Boosting Regression (GBR) based method for assessing the efficacy of treatments for oral mucosa damage in AIDS patients. Both investigation and diagnostic applications may benefit from this predictor. Results show that, compared to existing models, the suggested AI and GBR methods can accurately predict oral mucosa deterioration in AIDS patients. This study significantly contributes to the profession by improving the accuracy of diagnoses and providing useful information for treatment options.

Relationship between electrocardiogram and findings of serum protein, transaminase and chest CT in male AIDS patients

Relationship between electrocardiogram and findings of serum protein, transaminase and chest CT in male AIDS patients

Disseminated Mycobacterium thermoresistibile Infection presented with Lymphadenectasis in an AIDS patient: case report and review of literature

BackgroundNontuberculous mycobacteria disease is a common invasive infectious disease in patients with HIV. However, Mycobacterium thermoresistibile association with lymphadenectasis is unusual in AIDS patients.Case PresentationThis report covers the case of a 25-year-old male AIDS patient infected with Mycobacterium thermoresistibile. The case was identified via pathogen-targeted next-generation sequencing (ptNGS).ConclusionThis is the first report of disseminated M. thermoresistibile infection presented with lymphadenectasis in an AIDS patient. Prompt diagnosis and antimicrobial treatment are crucial.

A case of paraplegia due to asymptomatic varicella-zoster virus infection in AIDS patient unexpectedly diagnosed by CSF metagenomic next-generation sequencing

BackgroundVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) infection may induce central nervous system complications in HIV/AIDS patients. However, it is rare to have paraplegia caused by VZV infection but no herpes zoster clinically. Asymptomatic VZV infection in HIV/AIDS patient increased the difficulty of diagnosis.Case presentationWe reported a 41-year-old male AIDS patient with rare asymptomatic VZV infection-induced paraplegia after his anti-retroviral therapy initiation. MRI of the spinal cord showed the morphology of the thoracic spinal cord was irregular and locally inflated. The patient was confirmed as VZV induced thoracic myelomyelitis by using the cerebrospinal fluid for metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS).ConclusionsmNGS may contribute to disease diagnosis for asymptomatic VZV infection-induced myelitis.

Analysis on the epidemic features of male HIV-infected and AIDS patients by sexual transmission in Shandong Province from 2007 to 2016

Objective: To analyze the epidemic features of male HIV-infected and AIDS patients by sexual transmission in Shandong Province. Methods: Data on HIV-infected people and AIDS patients (HIV/AIDS) were derived from HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Response Information Management System. To analysis the epidemiological data of male HIV/AIDS by sexual transmission reported in Shandong Province from 1997 to 2016. Results: A total of 8 584 HIV/AIDS were reported by heterosexual transmission or homosexual transmission from 2007 to 2016. 2 421 cases were reported by heterosexual transmission and 6 163 cases were reported by homosexual transmission. Among cases infected by heterosexual transmission. The average age of cases infected by heterosexual transmission was (38.13±12.39) and (31.62±10.22) among cases who infected by homosexual transmission (t=24.95, P<0.001). 84 cases were reported by homosexual transmission and 138 cases by heterosexual transmission from 2007 to 2008, and 6 079 cases were reported by homosexual transmission and 2 283 cases by heterosexual transmission from 2009 to 2016. A total of 770 cases were dead after reported. Among the dead cases, 337 cases were infected by homosexual transmission and 433 cases by heterosexual transmission (χ(2)=328.21, P<0.001). 61.4% of the dead cases by heterosexual transmission were no longer than 6 months after reported and 54.3% in homosexual transmission (χ(2)=3.96, P=0.047). Conclusion: Homosexual transmission has been the main transmission of HIV/AIDS in Shandong Province. Epidemiological features and social demographic characteristics of each sexual transmission were different. As part of HIV cases developed to death in 6 months.

Impact of Social Support on Quality of Life among AIDS Patients in Kashmir Province of Jammu and Kashmir, India

Since 1981, AIDS remains one of the alarming issues in public health. It kills more than 39 million people globally. In this silent killer disease, patients not only suffer physiologically and economically but psychologically too. Their psychological well-being, mental health and quality of life also affected. The cardinal objective behind the present research was to investigate the effect of social support on quality of life of AIDS patients. Further, the study strived to find the level of social support and quality of life among male and female; married and unmarried AIDS patients. This study consisted sample of 60 AIDS patients with equal number of male and female patients selected through purposive sampling technique. Quality of Life was measured by Quality of Life Scale and for assessment of Social Support among patients Enriched Social Support Inventory was applied. For statistical analysis Mean, t-Test, Pearson Correlation and One Way ANOVA was applied by using SPSS 16.0 version. The findings show that male and married AIDS patients have a better level of quality of life than female and unmarried AIDS patients; they also receive more social support than female and unmarried patients. The results also revealed that two demographical variables gender and marital status are negatively significant correlated with Social Support and Quality of Life. Concurrently Social Support was found positively significant correlated with quality of life. On the basis of the findings in the present study we may conclude that gender, marital status as well as Social support are influential variables in quality of life. All these three variables have their impact on quality of life.

Study of Mycoplasma pirum infection and related factors among male HIV/AIDS patients

To investigate the infection status of Mycoplasma pirum among male HIV/AIDS patients in Jiangsu and analyze the risk factors. The genome sequencing of Mycoplasma pirum was completed for the first time. Male HIV infected individuals and AIDS patients confirmed in Jiangsu province were enrolled for 4 repeated cross-sectional studies by means of detecting the first flow urine sample and venous blood sample collected and questionnaire survey after informed consent. Genome sequencing was conducted for Mycoplasma pirum by using Illumina Hiseq 2000 sequencing platform. A total of 1 541 HIV/AIDS patients were surveyed in this study. The infection rates of Mycoplasma pirum was 15.4%. The patients who received no HAART had higher risk to be infected with Mycoplasma pirum (OR = 1.344, 95% CI: 1.008-1.792). Otherwise, high CD4⁺T counts was a protective factor for Mycoplasma pirum infection (OR = 0.600, 95% CI: 0.444-0.810). Based on the sequencing result, the genome size of Mycoplasma pirum was 850 704 bp, the GC content was 24.21% the genome contained 708 genes, the total length of genes was 734 085 bp, the average length was 1 037 bp, accounting for 86.29% of genome. More attention should be paid to the high infection rate of Mycoplasma pirum among male HIV/AIDS patients in the future AIDS prevention and control. The first genome sequencing of standard Mycoplasma pirum strain was completed in this study (registering serial number: AZHZ00000001), which can provide evidence for the further research of gene function and pathogenic mechanism of Mycoplasma pirum.

Central Nervous System Paracoccidioidomycosis in an AIDS Patient: Case Report

Up to now, over 200 patients with paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) associated to HIV infection have already been reported; however, the central nervous system involvement in this coinfection was rarely reported. This paper presents a 35-year-old Brazilian male AIDS patient who developed pulmonary PCM successfully treated with itraconazole. At the antiretroviral therapy starting, he had 32 CD4(+) T cells baseline count and high viral load levels. After 9 months, he presented severe fungal meningoencephalitis diagnosed by sublenticular enhanced nodular lesion at computerized tomography and magnetic resonance brain imaging and a positive Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis smear and culture from cerebrospinal fluid. At the time, a sixfold increase in CD4(+) T cell count and undetectable viral load level were evidenced. The patient received amphotericin B during 1 year presenting slow but progressive clinical improvement, and he is currently asymptomatic and without neurological disabilities. To our knowledge, this is the second case report of a patient with neuroparacoccidioidomycosis associated to HIV infection.

A Study on the Impact of Counseling in Resolving Psychosocial issues of HIV/AIDS Patients

HIV as an illness affects the person first and foremost at the biological level in the form of an aggressive virus that compromises immunity. Every illness experience represents a unique and dramatic negative experience for the patient; it is associated with a profound and authentic psychological engagement of patients themselves and the significant people in their lives. One of the major challenges faced by India is the rapid growth of HIV/AIDS and its devastating impact upon human life. The AIDS patients suffering from severe anxiety and acute depression are unable to adjust within the given environment. Several studies have found that a substantial proportion of the chronically mentally ill report engaging in HIV risk behaviors. HIV infection adds stress to the already compromised coping skills of the mentally ill, while mental illness itself may increase the risk behavior and thus predispose the affected person to HIV. HIV-infected adults live in a social and cultural environment, and the economic and political conditions of the state that they live in directly affect these people. In this complex context there are specific developmental stages that all adults, regardless of their HIV status, tend to go through. The present study aims to assess the role of counseling as an effective technique for reducing psycho-social problems of AIDS patients. The sample comprised of 25 AIDS patients (17 male and 08 female). Purposive sample was used to select AIDS patients fromtwo ART Centers of Mysore City. Their age ranged from 20 to 40 years. The data was collected through interview schedule. Findings showed that counseling proved to be very effective therapeutic technique for reducing Psycho social problems of AIDS patients. Gender differences were also observed. Male AIDS patients experienced more psychological problems as compared to females.

The management of retroperitoneal giant schwannomas in AIDS patients: A case report

Retroperitoneal schwannomas are a rare disease. During the potent antiretroviral therapy era, the incidence of AIDS-defining cancers has decreased, while the incidence of non-AIDS defining cancers has increased; however, the existence of a relationship between benign or malignant schwannomas and AIDS remains unclear. Although a case of ethmoid malignant schwannoma in an AIDS patient was first reported in 1993, no additional reports of schwannomas associated with AIDS have been published since. In the current study, the case of a 30-year-old male AIDS patient with a large benign retroperitoneal schwannoma is presented. The ideal treatment of retroperitoneal schwannomas is complete excision. However, controversy exists over the necessity of negative soft tissue margins, particularly when adjacent tissue or viscera must also be removed. In the current case study, due to the immune dysfunction in AIDS patients, the incidence of malignancy could not be completely excluded prior to surgery and a significant risk of short-term relapse or malignancy following partial tumor resection was present. The patient underwent complete resection with partial superior mesenteric artery excision in order to attain negative margins, and recovered well. A follow-up was performed 1 year after the procedure and the patient was well and a CT scan demonstrated no evidence of recurrence. However, the long term efficacy of this procedure requires continued observation in this patient.

A case of ano-rectal tuberculoma simulating cancer in Aids

We report a case of ano-rectal tumour clinically diagnosed as cancer in a 36 years old male AIDS patient. Pathology analysis of the biopsy specimen revealed tuberculosis. The tumour regressed enormously and the general condition of the patient improved during the follow upwith anti-tuberculous and ARV therapy. Not all tumour-like lesions that occur in immune depressed patients are neoplasia. This is a case of a rare localization of a common diseaseand highlights the importance of pathology analysis of specimens in diagnosis and management of patients even when clinical presentation of the case appears so obvious.

Phenomenological Analysis of Male AIDS Patients' Experiences on Adaptation Process

Phenomenological Analysis of Male AIDS Patients' Experiences on Adaptation Process

A novel human adenovirus hexon protein of species D found in an AIDS patient

To date, human adenoviruses are classified into 53 types (types 1-51 and types 53 and 54), which have been grouped into six species named A through F, and the recently identified type 52 has been proposed as member of a new species, G. Type classification is based on type-specific epitopes within loop 1 (L1) and loop 2 (L2) of the hexon protein, which contain seven hypervariable regions that are responsible for type specificity. In this paper, we present the characterization of an adenovirus strain isolated from a male AIDS patient in Cordoba, Argentina. This strain was found to be a member of species D by genomic Sma I restriction analysis. Sequencing of the L1 and L2 regions of the hexon gene and immunological characterization by virus neutralization revealed this hexon to be unique and distinct from the previously identified hexons of types within species D. A seroepidemiologic study in the human population of Cordoba showed that this strain was not endemic in the local human population.

A Case Report of Recurrent Salmonella Meningitis in an Adult AIDS Patient in the United States

The authors present a case of Salmonella sepsis and meningitis with a recurrence of the meningitis in a 36-year-old Hispanic, male AIDS patient. They discuss the mechanisms and routes in general and speculate on these items in this patient from the information available. Meningitis diagnosis and treatment in general and specifically in Salmonella cases are reviewed as well as the variations in AIDS patients. The probable reasons for the recurrence and etiology are discussed.

Disseminated Balamuthia mandrillaris Amoeba Infection in an AIDS Patient from Brazil

This report describes a 32-year-old male AIDS patient. He presented with a clinical picture characterized by severe headache, blurred vision, and fever that had lasted for 10 days. At admission, no remarkable neurologic abnormalities were observed. Cranial tomography showed a ring-enhanced lesion with edema and a mass effect in the right occipital lobe. The initial diagnosis was toxoplasmosis, and treatment of this was administered. However, 5 days later, the patient's clinical status worsened and he died. The necropsy showed necrotizing and hemorrhagic encephalitis, with trophozoites similar to an amoeba species. Furthermore, the kidneys, adrenal glands, thyroid gland, and liver were also involved. The amoeba Balamuthia mandrillaris was identified by an immunofluorescence test.

Fisher/Gullain–Barré overlap syndrome in advanced AIDS

Human immunodeficiency virus-associated Guillain-Barré syndrome typically occurs early in HIV infection before AIDS develops. We report a 56-year-old male AIDS patient, who developed overlapping Fisher/Guillain-Barré syndrome despite markedly decreased CD4 cell counts. Serum anti-GQ1b IgG antibody was positive. His condition improved rapidly after immunoglobulin treatment. This indicates that Fisher/Guillain-Barré syndrome may occur even in severely immunosuppressed patients and that anti-ganglioside antibody production is possibly mediated by a T cell-independent process.

Lymphocyte subsets and viral load in male AIDS patients with major depression: Naturalistic study

This study investigated the relationships between lymphocyte subsets and viral load in AIDS patients with and without major depression. During a 7-year period, a total of 60 male hospitalized AIDS patients were recruited in this study. The diagnosis of major depression in patients was made by the same psychiatrist according to the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders criteria. All patients had data for CD4, CD8 and CD4/CD8, and only 42 patients had viral load data. Of 60 AIDS patients, 32 patients had received highly active antiretroviral therapy and received subsequent assessment of lymphocyte cell counts 1 month later. Using ancova with age adjustment, the authors found that patients with major depression (n = 22) had significantly lower CD8 cell counts than patients without major depression (n = 38). However, CD4 cell counts and CD4/CD8 ratios were not significantly different between these two groups. In addition, there was no significant difference in viral load between patients with major depression (n = 16) and patients without major depression (n = 26). Of 32 patients received highly active antiretroviral therapy, 14 patients with an antidepressant (e.g. fluoxetine 20 mg/day) had significantly decreased CD4 and not CD8 cell counts and significantly reduced CD4/CD8 ratios during a period of 1 month. In conclusion, these results suggest that AIDS patients with major depression had significantly lower CD8 cell counts and might have a more severe inflammation/immunity reaction than patients without major depression.

FDG PET in Primary Effusion Lymphoma (PEL) of the Pericardium

Abstract: We present the FDG PET images of a 49-year-old male AIDS patient with a history of Kaposi sarcoma who presented with increasing shortness of breath. The computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest showed a massive pericardial effusion, which was tapped. There was no other clinical or radiologic evidence (otherwise negative CT scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis) of lymphoma. A whole-body PET scan was performed after the intravenous administration of 11.0 mCi of F-18 FDG. The images showed physiological uptake in the myocardium, a photopenic defect around the heart corresponding to the pericardial effusion, lined by a hypermetabolic pericardium, consistent with neoplastic involvement. There was no other evidence of active neoplastic disease. Histopathologic analysis of the pericardial fluid showed findings characteristic of primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and chemotherapy was started.

Gastrointestinal and cutaneous AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma: different activity of liposomal doxorubicin according to location of lesions

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) continues to be a frequent neoplasm in third world AIDS patients. We carried out a prospective study to evaluate the effectiveness of liposomal doxorubicin (LD) in gastrointestinal KS patients as well as its differential clinical activity depending on the location of the lesions. The study included 15 male AIDS patients aged between 25 and 35 years (mean: 27 years) with more than 25 cutaneous lesions and extensive gastrointestinal KS. They were treated with LD, 20 mg/m(2) every 21 days, for six cycles. Eleven (73%) of the patients obtained a complete response of the gastrointestinal KS lesions and four (27%) a partial response. Regarding cutaneous lesions, only two (13%) of the patients reached a complete response, six (40%) a partial response and seven (47%) stabilized their disease. By applying Fisher's test we found a significant difference (P < 0.00035) when comparing the effectiveness of LD in gastrointestinal lesions in relation to cutaneous lesions. We conclude that LD is more effective in gastrointestinal KS and can be recommended in patients in third world countries with extensive gastrointestinal lesions.

Mycoplasma penetrans infections and seroconversion in patients with AIDS: identification of major mycoplasmal antigens targeted by host antibody response

We examined Mycoplasma penetrans-specific antibodies in sera of five male homosexual AIDS patients from whom M. penetrans was isolated during the disease process. No consistent immune reaction pattern could be recognized in Western blot using whole cell proteins. Serum samples obtained prior to M. penetrans isolation reacted with a number of M. penetrans proteins, most likely due to non-specific cross-reactions. Further analysis revealed that patients produced prominent antibody reaction to lipid-associated membrane proteins (LAMPs) of M. penetrans at the time of mycoplasma isolation, which could not be observed for serum samples obtained prior to M. penetrans isolation. The positive antibody reaction was mainly directed against two major LAMPs of M. penetrans with molecular mass of 35 and 38 kDa and produced a distinctive pattern of positive immunoreaction bands. Our observation suggested that, comparing with whole mycoplasmal proteins, LAMPs were more specific target antigens in serological assays for M. penetrans infection.