Malatya Province Research Articles

Evaluation of Sexual Function Levels of Women between the Ages of 20-50 Living in Central Malatya [Malatya Il Merkezinde Yasayan 20-50 Yas Arasindaki Kadinlarin Cinsel Fonksiyon Duzeylerinin Degerlendirilmesi

The aim is to evaluate sexual function levels of the women living in Malatya province and determine the factors affecting them. This study was a cross-sectional study. Stratified cluster sampling method was used by the number of admission to the hospital. The study includes 430 women between 20-50 years of age. In the analysis; Chi-square and logistic regression were used. The average age of those entering the study is 38.5±0.5 years. Of the women entering the study, 10.5% are illiterate. Female Sexual Function Index average value of the individuals entering the study (Index of Female Sexual Function =IFSF) has been detected as 26.9±7.8. IFSF score of 69.1% of the patients is under 30, and that of 30% is 30.9. In our study, statistically significant differences (p

A new species of Sisymbrium (Brassicaceae) from Turkey:morphological and molecular evidence

Sisymbrium malatyanum Mutlu & Karakuş is identified as a new species from Malatya Province, East Anatolia, Turkey. Morphological and molecular (entire ITS region) studies proved that this species especially resembles Sisymbrium brassiciforme, S. heteromallum, S. altissimum, S. damascenum, and S. austriacum subsp. contortum. New species and related taxa are discussed in terms of morphological and molecular differences. Epicuticular wax on the fruit surface of the new species was determined. SEM images (hairs on leaf, stem, fruit, stylus, and epicuticular wax crystalloids) and field photographs (habitat, flowering and fruiting shape of habitus, and fruit) are presented.

MALATYA OLİGO-MİYOSEN HAVZASININ BENTİK FORAMİNİFER FAUNASI (DOĞU TOROSLAR, DOĞU TÜRKİYE)

In this study, systematic description of 28 benthic foraminiferal taxa were carried outwhich had been detected in Oligo-Miocene aged Muratli and Petekkaya formationscropping out over wide areas around Akcada¤ town, west of Malatya province in EasternTaurids. Miogypsina globulina which is a cosmopolite species located in Burdigalian agedshallow marine carbonates is described on wide geographical areas ranging from CentralAmerica to Indo-Pacific and Mediterranean Tethys. Miogypsina polymorpha on the otherhand was reported only from Indo-Pacific in stratigraphical records until today.Considering the association of these species, the assumption of a probable marineconnection mentioned between Indo-Pacific and Mediterranean Tethys in Burdigalianperiod in the region was strongly supported. Also considering the presence of markerplanktonic foraminiferal species Globoquadrina dehiscens and Sphenolithus delphix fromnannoplanktons which are described in marls between Chattian and Burdigalian units itwas determined that these marls most probably indicated Aquitanian age

BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL FAUNA OF MALATYA OLIGO-MIOCENE BASIN, (EASTERN TAURIDS, EASTERN TURKEY)

In this study, systematic description of 28 benthic foraminiferal taxa were carried out which had been detected in Oligo-Miocene aged Muratl› and Petekkaya formations cropping out over wide areas around Akcadatown, west of Malatya province in Eastern Taurids. Miogypsina globulina which is a cosmopolite species located in Burdigalian aged shallow marine carbonates is described on wide geographical areas ranging from Central America to Indo-Pacific and Mediterranean Tethys. Miogypsina polymorpha on the other hand was reported only from Indo-Pacific in stratigraphical records until today. Considering the association of these species, the assumption of a probable marine connection mentioned between Indo-Pacific and Mediterranean Tethys in Burdigalian period in the region was strongly supported. Also considering the presence of marker planktonic foraminiferal species Globoquadrina dehiscens and Sphenolithus delphix from nannoplanktons which are described in marls between Chattian and Burdigalian units it was determined that these marls most probably indicated Aquitanian age.

Volatile Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Different Parts from Elaeagnus angustifolia L.

:This study deals with the chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of fruit, flower, leaf and fruit peel from Elaeagnus angustifolia L. growing in Malatya province (Turkey). Identification and quantification of volatile compounds were performed on HS/SPME GC/MS. A total of 53 compounds were identified in all parts of the plant. Metabolic extracts from flower and leaf extracts exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity against Gram positive bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranged from 62.5 to 500 µg/mL. Fruit and flower extracts have the highest antioxidant activity with values ranged from 0.03 to 4.64 for 2.22-azinobis-[3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid] (ABTS) assay and from 0.54 to 4.45 µg trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity/g dry weights (DWs) for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. Among the plant parts, the lowest and the highest total phenolic contents were found in fruit extracts with the values ranged from 0.12 to 6.39 µg gallic acid equivalents/g DW, respectively.

Phenolic compounds and vitamins in wild and cultivated apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) fruits grown in irrigated and dry farming conditions

BackgroundTurkey is the main apricot producer in the world and apricots have been produced under both dry and irrigated conditions in the country. In this study, phenolic compounds and vitamins in fruits of one wild (Zerdali) and three main apricot cultivars (‘Cataloglu’, ‘Hacihaliloglu’ and ‘Kabaasi’) grown in both dry and irrigated conditions in Malatya provinces in Turkey were investigated.ResultsThe findings indicated that higher content of phenolic compounds and vitamins was found in apricot fruits grown in irrigated conditions. Among the cultivars, ‘Cataloglu’ had the highest rutin contents both in irrigated and dry farming conditions as 2855 μg in irrigated and 6952 μg per 100 g dried weight base in dry conditions and the highest chlorogenic acid content in irrigated and dry farming conditions were measured in fruits of ‘Hacıhaliloglu’ cultivar as 7542 μg and 15251 μg per 100 g dried weight base. Vitamin C contents in homogenates of fruit flesh and skin was found to be higher than β-caroten, retinol, vitamin E and lycopen contents in apricot fruits both in irrigated and dry farming conditions.ConclusionThe results suggested that apricot fruits grown in both dry and irrigated conditions had high health benefits phytochemicals and phytochemical content varied among cultivars and irrigation conditions as well. However, more detailed biological and pharmacological studies are needed for the demonstration and clarification of health benefits of apricot fruits.

Five Critically Endangered Species in Malatya Province (Turkey)

Five species endemic to Malatya province in Turkey, Hipricum malatyanum Peşmen (Hypericaceae), Lotus malatayicus Ponert (Fabaceae), Centaurea brevifimbriata Hub.-Mor. (Asteraceae), Chaenorhinum cryptarum (Boiss.et Hauskn.) Davis (Scrophulariaceae), and Phlomis integrifolia Hub.-Mor. (Lamiaceae), are critically endangered in nature, due to the deterioration of the habitats. These species were observed in the habitats for a period of 20 years by the authors. In Malatya province the habitats are gradually disappeared for reasons such as open fields, creating vineyards and orchards, and the effect of erosion.

Alkanna malatyana (Boraginaceae), a new species from East Anatolia, Turkey

Alkanna malatyana (Boraginaceae) is described as a new species to science. It is endemic to the eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. A. malatyana is an obligated chasmophytic species, which colonizes on limestone rocky cliffs, known from a single locality in Levent Canyon, located in Malatya Province. It is related to A. mughlae and it shows some morphological similarities with A. confusa and A. kotschyana, but it clearly differs from them based on the morphological differences presented in the species description. In addition, the conservation status, a distribution map, and notes on the biogeography and ecology of the new species are given.

Bellevalia chrisii sp. nov. (Asparagaceae) from eastern Anatolia, Turkey

Bellevalia chrisii Yıldırım & B. Şahin (Asparagaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from the Malatya province in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Diagnostic morphological characters, a full description and detailed illustrations are provided on the basis of the type specimen and observations of wild populations. It is morphologically similar to B. rixii and B. crassa but is easily differentiated from both by more numerous and wider leaves, more numerous flowers, less dense fruiting raceme, longer fruiting pedicel and by the shape of the capsule. Moreover, it differs from B. crassa by crimson purple perigone and violaceous anthers. Also, it displays some similarities with B. glauca and has previously been confused with it, although it can be easily distinguished by several morphological features.The conservation status, a distribution map and notes on the biogeography and ecology of B. chrisii are provided.

Reseda malatyana (Resedaceae), a new chasmophytic species from eastern Anatolia, Turkey

Reseda malatyana Yildirim & Senol (Resedaceae) is illustrated and described as a new species to science, endemic to eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Reseda malatyana is related to Reseda armena Boiss. It differs from Reseda armena by the following characters: densely smaller, unbranched at the upper part, papillate-hispidulous stems; dark green, thicker, and densely papillate-hispidulous leaves; bigger petals; smaller pedicels; relatively smaller with sinus seeds; oblate-spheroidal, tricolporate, and rugulate pollen grains. R. malatyana is a perennial species that colonizes on marlstone rocky cliffs, known from a single locality in Levent Canyon, located in Malatya Province. It is an obligated chasmophytic species. In addition, the conservation status, distribution map, and notes on the biogeography and ecology of the new species are given. Moreover, the morphological description of Reseda armena, a poorly known and insufficiently characterized species due to its rarity and very limited material present in herbaria, is amplified and expanded based on the present material obtained from field studies and several herbaria.

Campanula alisan-kilincii (Campanulaceae), a new species from eastern Anatolia, Turkey

Campanula alisan-kilincii Yıldırım & Şenol (Campanulaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from Malatya Province in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. The new species belongs to the section Rupestres, based on morphological features. It is morphologically similar to Campanula quercetorum and C. strigillosa but clearly differs from them based on the morphological differences presented in the species description. In addition, the conservation status, the distribution map, and notes on the biogeography and ecology of the new species are given.

Reassesing the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of Enabling School Structure Scale

The purpose of this research is to investigate the psychometric properties of the Enabling School Structure Scale (ESS) that aims to measure the degree to which school structure is enabling or coercive, and also to conduct reliability and validity studies of the scale. Participants of the study consisted of 1018 teachers working in 75 different primary schools located in Malatya province during 2009-2010 semester. For validity studies, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were carried out, and also corrected item-total correlations were estimated. For reliability studies, Cronbach Alpha and test-retest correlation coefficients were estimated. Results obtained from the reliability and validity studies showed that on the contrary to original form of ESS, Turkish form consisted of two distinct factors, enabling bureaucracy and coercive bureaucracy respectively. While factor loading of the items in enabling bureaucracy range between ".557" and ".832", factor loadings of items in coercive bureaucracy range between ".485" and ".785". It was also found that this 12 itemed two-factor solution explained approximately a total of 51% of the total variance. Estimated Cronbach alpha coefficients were ".806" for enabling bureaucracy sub-scale and ".774" for coercive bureaucracy sub-scale. Consequently it can be asserted that Turkish form of the ESS scale should be used with two factor structure not one single structure.

Prevalence of Listeria species in raw hamburger meatballs and chicken burgers in eastern Turkey

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Listeria spp. in raw hamburger meatballs and chicken burgers obtained from different fast-food and markets in Elazig and Malatya Provinces in the east of Turkey during 2010 and 2011. A total of 71 samples, consisting of 35 samples of raw hamburger meatballs and 36 samples of chicken burgerswere investigated for the presence of Listeria spp. by culture method and a polymerase chain reaction assay targeting the listeriolysin O sequence for L. monocytogenes. We found that 34.3, 22.9, 5.7 and 5.7%, respectively of hamburger meatballs tested positive for Listeria spp., L. innocua, L. monocytogenes and L. welshimeri, respectively. However, 58.3, 33.3, 13.9, 8.3 and 2.8% of chicken burgers were found to be positive for Listeriaspp., L. innocua, L. monocytogenes, L. grayi and L. welshimeri, respectively. L. innocuawas isolated more frequently than the other species. This study shows the need for carefully evaluating the risk to acquire listeriosis from consumption of raw hamburger meatballs and chicken burgers. Key words: Listeria spp, Listeria monocytogenes, raw hamburger meatballs, chicken burgers, polymerase chain reaction.

Phelipanche aegyptiaca (Pers.) Pomel: a new record as a parasitic weed on apricot root in Turkey.

This study is the first report of Egyptian broomrape (Phelipanche aegyptiaca (Pers.) Pomel) parasitizing apricot (Prunus armeniaca L., Rosaceae) trees in Turkey, Malatya Province, constitutes 52% of world apricot production. Most of the apricot production areas of Turkey are in Malatya, with 14 districts, 9 of them possess intensive apricot plantings that were surveyed for the frequency and density of broomrape in 2010. A total of 5 districts were found to be infested with P. aegyptiaca at frequencies ranging between 11 to 50%. Additionally, total 1415 quadrats (counting frame measuring 1 m2) were used for the assessment of the broomrape and the percentage of quadrats infested with broomrape in Malatya was found to be 14%. The average frequency P. aegyptiaca was determined to be 14.8%, and its average density in all quadrats and in all infested quadrats (number/m2) were 14.8 and 57.2, respectively. Unfortunately, broomrapes were counted high infestation rates (more than 200/m2) in some of the infested apricot orchards. As a result of the study it is realised that, apricot production of Turkey and the world were under threat of broomrapes and urgent control measures must be taken in the region immediately. Key words: Apricot, Egyptian broomrape, Phelipanche aegyptiaca, Turkey

Effects of soil-structure interaction on construction stage analysis of highway bridges

The aim of this paper is to determine the effect of soil-structure interaction and time dependent material properties on behavior of concrete box-girder highway bridges. Two different finite element analyses, one stage and construction stage, have been carried out on Komurhan Bridge between Elazi<TEX>$\breve{g}$</TEX> and Malatya province of Turkey, over Fırat River. The one stage analysis assume that structure was built in a second and material properties of structure not change under different loads and site conditions during time. However, construction stage analysis considers that construction time and time dependent material properties. The main and side spans of bridge are 135 m and 76 m, respectively. The bridge had been constructed in 3 years between 1983 and 1986 by balanced cantilever construction method. The parameters of soil-structure interaction (SSI), time dependent material properties and construction method are taken into consideration in the construction stage analysis while SSI is single parameter taking into consideration in the one stage analysis. The 3D finite element model of bridge is created the commercial program of SAP2000. Time dependent material properties are elasticity modulus, creep and shrinkage for concrete and relaxation for steel. Soft, medium, and firm soils are selected for evaluating SSI in both analyses. The results of two different finite element analyses are compared with each other. It is seen that both construction stage and SSI have a remarkable effect on the structural behavior of the bridge.

Crocus yakarianus sp. nov. from eastern Turkey

Crocus yakarianus Yıldırım &amp; O. Erol (Iridaceae) is described as a new species. Diagnostic morphological characteristics, descriptions and detailed illustrations are given on the basis of the type material. Crocus yakarianus is restricted to the province of Malatya in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. It is related to and compared with Crocus biflorus subsp. tauri (Maw) B. Mathew.

Relationship between fatigue and social support in hemodialysis patients

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between fatigue and social support in hemodialysis patients in Turkey. This study was conducted on 73 patients receiving hemodialysis treatment in a hemodialysis unit in the province of Malatya between July and November 2011. A questionnaire consisting of 16 questions for sociodemographic and disease data was used together with the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). In statistical evaluation, the Mann-Whitney U-test, independent t-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Pearson's correlation analysis were used. Correlation analysis between severity of fatigue in hemodialysis patients and social support revealed a significant relationship in the negative direction between fatigue severity and support from family (r = -0.404, P < 0.05), support from friends (r = -0.635, P < 0.05), support from a special person (r = -0.638, P < 0.05) and overall support (r = -0.643, P < 0.05). Patients with severe fatigue had low mean scores for support from family, friends, a special person and overall, whereas a high level of social support decreased the level of fatigue. When giving care to patients on hemodialysis, nurses should consider the effect of social support on fatigue and approach their patients from this perspective.

Traditional uses of some medicinal plants in Malatya (Turkey)

Ethnopharmacological relevance: This study has identified not only the wild plants collected for medical purposes by local people of Malatya Province in the Eastern Anatolia Region, but also the uses and local names of these plants. It tried to provide a source for researchers studying in ethnobotany, pharmacology and chemistry by comparing the information obtained from traditionally used herbs with previous laboratory studies. Aim of the study: In Turkey, use of plants for medical purposes has been a tradition. This study aims to identify wild plants collected for medical purposes by the local people of Malatya Province, located in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey, and to establish the uses and local names of these plants. Materials and methodsA field study had been carried out for a period of approximately 2 years (2010–2011). A questionnaire was administered to the local people, through face-to-face interviews. During this period, 330 vascular plant specimens were collected. Demographic characteristics of participants, names of the local plants, their utilized parts and preparation methods were investigated and recorded. The plant species were collected within the scope of the study; herbarium materials were prepared; and the specimens were entitled. In addition, the relative importance value of the species was determined and informant consensus factor (FIC) was calculated for the medicinal plants included in the study. ResultsIn the area of research, 132 individuals who had knowledge about plants were interviewed. Mean age of the respondents was 44 years (in 35–73 years range). 108 plants were found to be used for medical purposes before in the literature analysis of the plants used in our study, while 15 plants were found to have no literature records. The most common families are: Asteraceae (21 plants), Lamiaceae (14 plants), and Rosaceae (12 plants). Local people were recorded to use the aerial parts, branches, flowers, fruits, latex, leaves, matured fruits, peduncle, resin, rhizomes, root bark, roots, seeds and style of the plants. Besides, it was observed that they dried and stored plants in unfavorable seasons in order to use them later. The medicinal uses of Heracleum antasiaticum Manden., Pimpinella olivieroides Boiss. & Hausskn., Scandix iberica Bieb., Taraxacum hybernum Stev., Tripleurospermum transcaucasicum (Manden.) Pobed., Cerastium chlorifolium Fisch. & Mey., Andrachne telephioides L., Euphorbia denticulata Lam., Astragalus cephalotes Banks. & Sol. var. brevicalyx Eig., Geranium ibericum Cav., Cyclotrichium nivenum (Boiss.) Manden. & Scheng., Salvia syriaca L., Papaver arenarium Bieb., Dactylis glomerata L., Polygonum arenarium Waldst. & Kit. that we found were used in our study area and recorded for the first time. No information could be obtained regarding the names of eight wild plants that are being used in Malatya. In Turkey, local plant names display differences especially due to ethnographic reasons. The plants used in Malatya are known by the same or different local names in various parts of Anatolia. Our research area also includes people with Kurdish and Zaza ethnic origins. The respondents of the questionnaire are Turkish citizens. ConclusionThese plants are used in the treatment of many diseases. Comparison of the data obtained in this study from derived the plants growing in Malatya with the experimental data obtained in previous laboratory studies proved ethnobotanical usages to a great extent. Literature review indicated that curative plants that grow in Malatya are used in different parts of the world for the treatment of the same or similar diseases. These plants, used for the treatment of many varying diseases, are abundantly found in this region. Drying enabled local people to use medicinal plants in every seasons of the year. The plant flora of Malatya is threatened by such factors as grazing, expansion of new agricultural lands, and unsustainable picking of plants to generate income. Steps should be taken immediately to ensure the inclusion of relevant flora within conservation designations.

Turkish language teachers' and primary school teachers' attitudes toward their stuttering students

Stuttering is a speech defect which is seen in all countries. Stuttering affects fluency of speech due to some physiological, psychological and neurological causes. Protractions, clogs and repeats are seen in stuttering. Since it will probably result in social handicaps, stuttering should be considered as more important than other speech defects. There are many physiological, mental and psychological factors affecting stuttering. Findings of researches show that in addition to environmental factors, psychological measures are also important in the treatment of stuttering. One of the factors which affect the student most is the teacher. The attitude of teacher affects stuttering student, too. The aim of this research is to determine the attitudes of teachers toward stuttering students. The research was carried out with the participation of 290 teachers who work in Malatya Province. A stuttering scale, developed by the researcher, was administered to 219 primary school teachers and 71 Turkish language teachers. The scale consists of failure, awareness and abstraction sub-dimensions. Teachers develop positive attitudes considering these sub dimensions. In addition, we also investigated whether attitudes of teachers toward stuttering students differ in terms of their gender, branches, length of service, having had stuttering student, and having read books on stuttering. Key words: Stuttering, education of Turkish Language, language education, teacher attitude

DETERMINATION OF NON-GENETIC FACTORS INFLUENCING BIRTH WEIGHT USING REGRESSION TREE METHOD IN BROWN-SWISS CATTLE

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of non-genetic factors on the birth weight of Brown-Swiss calves, maintained at Sultansuyu State Farm (lat. 380 E, long. 380 N, and 981 m above sea level) of Malatya province in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey during the years 1984-2010. Data on birth weight, calving season, calf sex, and calving year were collected from 3168 Brown Swiss calves. The data were exposed to regression tree method, which is a tree-based and a non-parametric method. In this method, birth weight, an important trait in cattle breeding, was a response variable and environmental factors such as calf sex, calving season and year were accepted as explanatory variables. Statistical evaluations were done using SPSS (Exhaustive CHAID) statistical package program. In the present study, birth year was the most significant factor for birth weight (P<0.01), followed by sex (P<0.01) and calving season (P<0.01). The highest average birth weight was recorded for the calves born during the years 1999-2001. The calves born in summer and fall seasons of 2002-2004 years were lighter than those born in winter and spring seasons of same years. Sex of calf influenced birth weight of calves born between the years 1991 and 1995 (P<0.01). Among factors, calving season was a factor that had highly statistical influence on birth weight of the group of calves born between 2002 and 2004 years. As a result, use of regression tree method, which is not influenced by multicollinearity, outlier, and missing values is recommended with the objective to identify factors that can be statistically significant on birth weight of Brown Swiss calves.