Maladaptive Type Research Articles

The Fear Primacy Hypothesis in the Structure of Emotional States: A Systematic Literature Review.

Fear, an emotion ingrained through evolutionary adaptation, triggers protective responses to ward off threats. Yet, in some instances, the neural networks tied to fear can lead to psychosomatic ailments and behavioural issues, including the maladaptive type. This study aims to hypothesize about fear, probing its neurophysiological traits and its impact on cognitive-emotional facets of the psyche. A systematic review of theoretical literature was conducted, utilizing PubMed and Scopus databases. Comparative analysis, abstraction, and synthesis methods were employed, and 34 sources that met the inclusion criteria analysed. Our findings highlight the pivotal role fear plays in the human psyche, potentially serving as the foundation for all emotions, feelings, and states experienced by individuals. Treating fear and related anxiety disorders poses challenges due to the recurrence of fear-based memories, which perpetuate negative symptoms in patients. Various techniques, like hypnotherapy, cognitive behavioural therapy, and exposure therapy, are actively employed with these patients. However, none offer a universal solution, necessitating personalized approaches to address individual fears. MindChat may be promising in therapeutic settings to address fear responses without altering cognition or fostering avoidance behaviour, but empirical evidence supporting its efficacy is limited, and further research is needed to validate its effectiveness. The utilization of fear as a potent tool in engaging with the psyche underscores the potential value of this study for psychotherapists in clinical practice and professionals in affective neurobiology and behavioural psychology. It redirects attention toward fear's significance, urging a deeper exploration in future research endeavours.

초등 신규교사의 교직적응 프로파일 분석 및 영향요인 탐색

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the professional adaptation types of novice elementary school teachers and to explore the factors influencing these types. Methods To this end, a latent profile analysis was conducted using data from the Seoul Educational Longitudinal Study collected by the Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education. Results The analysis identified four types among novice elementary school teachers: Satisfaction Type (51%), Successful Type (22%), Dissatisfied Type (10%), and Maladaptive Type (17%). Key findings revealed that significant predictors for being in the Satisfaction Type group included the level of teacher role recognition and self-understanding, with higher levels of these factors greatly increasing the likelihood of being classified as Satisfaction Type rather than Maladaptive Type. Factors significantly influencing the likelihood of being in the Successful Type included experience as a temporary teacher, participation in teaching and learning training, teacher role recognition, self-understanding, school principal leadership, and mastery goal structure. These factors, when higher, increased the probability of belonging to the Successful Type rather than the Maladaptive Type. Lastly, for the Dissatisfied Type, significant predictors were teacher role recognition, self-understanding, and school principal leadership, with higher levels of teacher role recognition specifically increasing the likelihood of being in the Dissatisfied Type over the Maladaptive Type. Conclusions This study provides foundational data for supporting the effective adaptation of novice elementary school teachers and offers important insights for improving teacher training programs and educational policies.

Typology of Acquiring Life Skills and Mental Health in International Students in Japan during COVID-19

Life Skills (LS) are essential in the COVID era because people acquire LS (learn different abilities) to adapt to problems that arise in their daily lives at different times. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to categorize and clarify the characteristics of LS acquisition and mental health among international students during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study surveyed 407(The final analysis included 134 undergraduates: M = 69, F = 65; Mean age=19.55) international students enrolled at two universities in the Kansai region of Japan, regardless of their nationality or subject major, from October to November 2021. Utilizing the University Student Edition of the Daily Life Skills Scale (English version) and three scales measuring Loneliness, Satisfaction, and Anxiety. Firstly, the target participants were classified into three clusters using the K-means method, denoted as "Maladaptive Type," "Adaptive Type," and "Expansive Type." Secondly, the results of correlation coefficients between three mental health questions and LS indicated significant correlations among Satisfaction, Anxiety, and Interpersonal and Personal skills. Significant correlations of 0.20 or more were observed among Satisfaction, Anxiety, Interpersonal (Satisfaction (r = 0.25, p < 0.01), Anxiety: (r=-0.28, p < 0.01)), and Personal skills (Satisfaction (r = 0.39, p < 0.01), Anxiety: (r=-0.47, p < 0.01)), as well as between Personal skills and Loneliness (r=-0.28, p < 0.01). Thirdly, while focusing on exercise frequency, exercise intensity, and total exercise time in the exercise habits of international students, an examination was conducted regarding the relationship with mental health and LS acquisition. The results indicated no significant relationships, and the study concluded that exercise habits did not affect the relationship between mental health and LS acquisition among international students during the COVID-19. In the future, to enhance support for international students, educational institutions are expected to promote LS acquisition to help students adapt to the new lifestyle resulting from the pandemic.

Adherence to lifestyle therapy in patients with chronic heart failure and comorbidity

Background: Influence of comorbidity on adherence to lifestyle therapy in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) have not been studied yet. The aim of this study was to investigate awareness and adherence to lifestyle therapy in patients with CHF and comorbidity.Мethods: Two hundred and three patients with CHF (130 males and 73 females, mean age was 61.8±9.6 years) were studied. CHF was defined according to ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure, in 2016. Age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index was calculated. Awareness of lifestyle modifications was determined using a questionnaire developed in our clinic and used in previous scientific studies. Quality of life was estimated using SF-36 Health Status Survey. Psychological state and attitude to condition were estimated using Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, the Personal Questionnaire of Behterevsk’ Institute, characterological questionnaire by K. Leonhard. Follow-up period was 1 year.Results: The awareness about lifestyle modifications in patients with CHF ranged from 38.9% (daily control of body weight) to 87.2% (limited salt intake). Adherence to lifestyle therapy was from 7.9% (daily weight control) to 37.9% (limited salt intake). Age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index was 5.0±2.1 points. Patients with high comorbidity (Charlson comorbidity index &gt;6 points) had decreased of quality of life, both in the physical and the psychological aspects. There were no differences in adherence to lifestyle therapy in patients with CHF, depending on comorbidity. Nonadherent patients were characterized by sensitive type of attitude to their condition, emotional lability, exclusion as a type of defense mechanism and negative coping strategies.Сonclusions: Nonadherence to lifestyle therapy in patients with CHF was associated with maladaptive type of attitude to their condition, which was more common in patients with high comorbidity.

Adherence to lifestyle therapy in patients with chronic heart failure and comorbidity

Background: Influence of comorbidity on adherence to lifestyle therapy in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) have not been studied yet. The aim of this study was to investigate awareness and adherence to lifestyle therapy in patients with CHF and comorbidity.Мethods: Two hundred and three patients with CHF (130 males and 73 females, mean age was 61.8±9.6 years) were studied. CHF was defined according to ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure, in 2016. Age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index was calculated. Awareness of lifestyle modifications was determined using a questionnaire developed in our clinic and used in previous scientific studies. Quality of life was estimated using SF-36 Health Status Survey. Psychological state and attitude to condition were estimated using Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, the Personal Questionnaire of Behterevsk’ Institute, characterological questionnaire by K. Leonhard. Follow-up period was 1 year.Results: The awareness about lifestyle modifications in patients with CHF ranged from 38.9% (daily control of body weight) to 87.2% (limited salt intake). Adherence to lifestyle therapy was from 7.9% (daily weight control) to 37.9% (limited salt intake). Age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index was 5.0±2.1 points. Patients with high comorbidity (Charlson comorbidity index &gt;6 points) had decreased of quality of life, both in the physical and the psychological aspects. There were no differences in adherence to lifestyle therapy in patients with CHF, depending on comorbidity. Nonadherent patients were characterized by sensitive type of attitude to their condition, emotional lability, exclusion as a type of defense mechanism and negative coping strategies.Сonclusions: Nonadherence to lifestyle therapy in patients with CHF was associated with maladaptive type of attitude to their condition, which was more common in patients with high comorbidity.

Adherence to lifestyle therapy in patients with chronic heart failure and comorbidity

Background: Influence of comorbidity on adherence to lifestyle therapy in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) have not been studied yet. The aim of this study was to investigate awareness and adherence to lifestyle therapy in patients with CHF and comorbidity.Мethods: Two hundred and three patients with CHF (130 males and 73 females, mean age was 61.8±9.6 years) were studied. CHF was defined according to ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure, in 2016. Age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index was calculated. Awareness of lifestyle modifications was determined using a questionnaire developed in our clinic and used in previous scientific studies. Quality of life was estimated using SF-36 Health Status Survey. Psychological state and attitude to condition were estimated using Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, the Personal Questionnaire of Behterevsk’ Institute, characterological questionnaire by K. Leonhard. Follow-up period was 1 year.Results: The awareness about lifestyle modifications in patients with CHF ranged from 38.9% (daily control of body weight) to 87.2% (limited salt intake). Adherence to lifestyle therapy was from 7.9% (daily weight control) to 37.9% (limited salt intake). Age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index was 5.0±2.1 points. Patients with high comorbidity (Charlson comorbidity index &gt;6 points) had decreased of quality of life, both in the physical and the psychological aspects. There were no differences in adherence to lifestyle therapy in patients with CHF, depending on comorbidity. Nonadherent patients were characterized by sensitive type of attitude to their condition, emotional lability, exclusion as a type of defense mechanism and negative coping strategies.Сonclusions: Nonadherence to lifestyle therapy in patients with CHF was associated with maladaptive type of attitude to their condition, which was more common in patients with high comorbidity.

The relationship between humour types, assertiveness, self-efficacy, personality, and perfectionism in pre-service teachers

Teachers’ humour has a special place in the educational context with multiple benefits for themselves and their students. As a complex concept, humour is strongly related to individual personality, which is also complex and diverse. The current research aimed to investigate the correlations between four types of humour (affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive, and self-defeating) and assertiveness, perfectionism, and Big Five personality traits (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and emotional stability) in pre-service teachers. The obtained results show that the adaptive type of humour (affiliative and self-enhancing) positively correlated with assertiveness, Big Five personality traits, and the adaptive form of perfectionism, and negatively with the maladaptive form of perfectionism. Also, the maladaptive type of humour (aggressive and self-defeating) negatively correlated with assertiveness, Big Five personality traits, and positively with the maladaptive form of perfectionism. An intriguing finding was the positive correlation between aggressive humour and assertiveness.

Complement-mediated immune mechanisms in allergy.

Allergic conditions are associated with canonical and non-canonical activation of the complement system leading to the release of several bioactive mediators with inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties that regulate the immune response in response to allergens during the sensitization and/or the effector phase of allergic diseases. Further, immune sensors of complement and regulator proteins of the cascade impact on the development of allergies. These bioactive mediators comprise the small and large cleavage fragments of C3 and C5. Here, we provide an update on the multiple roles of immune sensors, regulators and bioactive mediators of complement in allergic airway diseases, food allergy and anaphylaxis. A particular emphasis is on the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a and their receptors, which are expressed on many of the effector cells in allergy such as mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, macrophages and neutrophils. Also, we will discuss the multiple pathways, by which the anaphylatoxins initiate and control the development of maladaptive type 2 immunity including their impact on innate lymphoid cell recruitment and activation. Finally, we briefly comment on the potential to therapeutically target the complement system in the different allergic conditions. Canonical and non-canonical cleavage of complement factors C3 and C5 generates C3a, C5a and C5adesArg (C5adR), activating the anaphylatoxin receptors C3aR, C5aR1 and C5aR2. Activation of such receptors on multiple innate immune cells and consecutive activation of Type 2 innate lymphoid cells controls the development of several allergic diseases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Exploration of college teachers' psychological adaptation to online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic using potential profile analysis.

The present study used a person-centered approach to examine college teachers' psychological adaptation to online teaching and its relationship with demographic variables. A total of 2104 college teachers were surveyed using the Psychological Adaption to Online Teaching Scale between March 25 and March 31, 2020. Data were analyzed using latent profile analysis, chi-square test, and multinomial logistic regression analysis. Based on their psychological adaptation during online teaching immediately after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, college teachers were divided into three latent profiles: common, maladaptive, and positive. Among these, the common type accounted for the largest proportion (56.1%), while the maladaptive type accounted for the smallest (10.9%). There were significant differences in the distribution of psychological adaptation latent types in college teachers with different educational backgrounds and professional titles. A better educational background and higher professional title is closely related with college teachers' psychological adaptation to online teaching.

Psychological factors in adherence to COVID-19 public health restrictions in Italy: A path model testing depressed mood, anxiety, and co-rumination via cellphone.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the success of major non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as quarantine orders, has depended upon robust rates of citizens' adherence to protocols. Thus, it is critical to public health for research to illuminate factors that affect compliance with contagion-mitigating practices. Previous research has examined sociodemographic factors and aspects of psychological distress as correlates of adherence to public health guidelines. The current study expanded this research to investigate the psychosocial process of co-rumination, which has been identified in previous research as a maladaptive type of social interaction that is associated with elevated levels of anxiety and depression. Data were collected from 932 Italian adults during the initial stages of the highly stressful COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. A path model was tested to examine multivariate relationships among sociodemographic characteristics, symptoms of psychological distress (i.e., depression and anxiety), co-rumination via cellphone, and self-reported adherence to COVID-19-related public health restrictions. Results revealed that higher rates of co-rumination via cellphone were associated with lower levels of adherence to public health restrictions. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were differentially related to co-rumination processes and adherence to public health restrictions. Higher levels of depression symptoms were directly associated with poorer adherence to public health restrictions, and this path was mediated through higher levels of co-rumination via cellphone. On the contrary, higher levels of state anxiety were directly associated with greater adherence to public health guidelines. This path was also mediated through co-rumination via cellphone. Higher levels of anxiety were correlated with lower levels of co-rumination, which in turn were correlated with lower levels of adherence. These results suggest fruitful directions for future research examining co-rumination as a maladaptive coping behavior that may be addressed within public health interventions.

The mediating role of thinking styles in the relationship between adolescent time perspective and subjective well-being.

The mechanism behind how time perspective (TP) relates to subjective well-being is not fully understood and thinking styles might be potential mediators. However, our understanding of the relationship between thinking styles and subjective well-being is currently limited to adult studies. This study aims to extend the literature by examining the mediating role of thinking styles in the relationship between TP and subjective well-being in an adolescent sample. One hundred forty-nine male and one hundred and fourteen female secondary school students (13-18 years old) in Hong Kong responded to the Thinking Styles Inventory-Revised II (TSI-R2), the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and the Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale (TSWLS) in two waves separated by 2 months in 2017. After controlling for gender and TP, internal and external styles positively predicted positive affect and future life satisfaction after 2 months. Adaptive Type I hierarchical style positively predicted both positive and negative affect after 2 months, which supports the two-dimensional structure of affect. Unexpectedly, maladaptive Type II styles did not predict subjective well-being. Longitudinal mediation using cross-lagged panel model showed that thinking styles mediated three relationships between TP and subjective well-being. The internal style mediated the relationship between Past-Negative TP, positive affect, and future life satisfaction, while the external style mediated the relationship between Future TPand future life satisfaction. Thinking styles predicted adolescent subjective well-being and acted as mediators in the relationship between TPs and subjective well-being.

To endure or to resist? Adolescents' coping with overprotective parenting

Scholars typically consider parental overprotection to be a maladaptive type of parenting with negative repercussions for adolescents' psychosocial adjustment, with frustration of adolescents' psychological needs serving as an underlying mechanism behind these effects. However, little is known about how adolescents cope with overprotective parenting and how adolescents' coping can alter associations between perceived overprotective parenting and adolescents' maladjustment. In the present study, we examined the moderating role of four coping strategies (i.e. compulsive compliance, oppositional defiance, negotiation and accommodation) using a moderated mediation model based on cross-sectional data of 382 Belgian adolescents (Mage = 17.1 years, 44.5% male). Overall, the results showed that adolescents' coping with overprotective parenting alter to some extent the strength of associations between overprotective parenting and developmental problems. Compulsive compliance in particular appears to be a maladaptive strategy in the context of overprotective parenting. Overall, the results underscore adolescents' active role in overprotective parenting.

MEF2A is a Regulator of Interferon-Mediated Inflammation

Abstract Interferons (IFN) are antiviral cytokines induced by recognition of viral nucleic acids or cellular replicative stress. In particular, the accumulation of cytosolic nucleic acids or the accumulation of DNA lesions has the potential to activate cGAS/STING-mediated IFN induction if not properly constrained. While these responses can be harnessed as tumor therapies, the excessive induction of IFNs and deleterious IFN-mediated inflammation is associated with tissue damage in non-malignant disease. We sought to identify non-canonical IFN-modulatory transcription factors (TF) by examining factors with known genetic alterations that associate with both malignant and inflammatory diseases. Here, we identify MEF2A as a negative regulator of the production of IFNs at homeostasis. The loss of MEF2A function results in the spontaneous induction of type I and III IFNs and downstream ISG expression. We demonstrate that IFN production following MEF2A depletion was dependent on DNA replication and cell cycle progression with CDK2 inhibition ablating this response. Furthermore, DNA lesions that induced DNA damage responses following MEF2A loss resulted in cGAS/STING pathway activation and genetic deletion of STING maintained homeostatic levels of type I IFN in the absence of this TF factor. Thus, our study is first to connect MEF2A with protection from maladaptive type I IFN responses due to genomic instability across various cell types. Overall, our study reveals that therapeutic modulation of MEF2A or other members of its family could be beneficial for the management of viral, malignant, and autoinflammatory diseases.

Strategiile de coping cognitiv-emoțional la elevii de liceu

The study aims to identify the strategies of cognitive-emotional coping that are most frequently used by students in adolescence, a period marked by profound and multiple changes. For this purpose, the CERQ questionnaire was applied to a sample of 130 students. They are between 16 and 18 years old and attend the high school education courses of the technological branch, in Timiș County. The aim of the survey was to obtain a relatively balanced distribution of the sexes: 51% girls; 49% boys. The results of the study illustrate that the cognitive-emotional coping strategies of the maladaptive type are the ones that record the highest weights among adolescents. They are found, however, at a higher level among girls.

Internal Picture of the Disease as a Success Factor of Postoperative Neurorehabilitation in Patients with Pituitary Adenoma

In order to study the perception of patients operated on for pituitary adenoma, their disease, the types of response to the disease, as well as the influence of the type of internal picture of the disease ((VKB) on the success of the treatment and rehabilitation process, 52 patients (24 men, 28 women) aged from 32 to 46 years old (mean age – 37,7 ± 1,2 years), operated on for pituitary adenoma Analysis of medical records, interviews, assessment of the patient's condition using a number of rating scales and psychodiagnostic techniques to determine the type of attitude to the disease revealed in patients a high level of nosogenic stress reactions and a significant predominance of a maladaptive attitude towards an intrapsychic disease (92,3%). The presence of the dominant maladaptive type of VKB in patients significantly reduces the socio-psychological adaptation in the postoperative period. Under these conditions, in the process of forming a strategy of postoperative neurorehabilitation for the successful restoration of the psychosocial status of patients with pituitary adenomas, it is necessary to take into account the nature of maladaptive personality reactions.

INFLUENCE OF COPING STRATEGIES ON THE STUDENT’S WELL-BEING IN CONDITIONS OF DISTANCE LEARNING

The article is devoted to the study of student's coping strategies influence on the level of their subjective well-being in conditions of distance learning. It was found that student's coping strategies have an impact on the level of their psychological comfort. Using regression analysis it was revealed that the variability of student's life well-being is determined by the following coping strategies: positive self-esteem; responsibility; planning; escape and self-control. It was developed the typology of students in the conditions of distance education, which includes such indicators of dominant coping strategies: the level of psychological comfort, dominant coping and measure of stress tolerance. According to the certain typology, three types of students were defined: 1) adaptive type (high indicators of well-being, high indicators of tolerance to stress, dominant strategies “self-esteem”, “responsibility” and “planning” ); 2) maladaptive type (low indicators of well-being, low indicators of tolerance to stress, dominant coping “escape”); 3) average adaptive type (average indicators of well-being, average indicators of tolerance to stress; dominant strategies “responsibility”, “self-control”, low indicators of coping “positive self-esteem”). The results of the study indicate that students who are best adapted to distance learning and have a high level of psychological comfort tend to evaluate themselves positively, treat work responsibly, plan their studies and have an average level of self-control.

APPROACHES TO TRANSFORMATION OF MALADAPTIVE FORMS OF VICTIM BEHAVIOUR AMONG STUDENTS IN SCHOOL EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

Background of the research is associated with insufficient coverage of the correction of maladaptive forms of victim behavior in the educational environment. This article provides analysis of the approaches to victim behavior of maladaptive type in national and foreign psychology. This article defines maladaptive forms of victim behavior and describes its characteristics. In foreign researches, the emphasis is on the involvement of parents in the correction of problems of children's behavior. The role of the educational environment in behavior correction is often omitted. The object of the study is to identify the psychological and pedagogical conditions for the transformation of maladaptive forms of victim behavior of a adolescent in the educational space of a school. Methods: The research involved 201 people, of which 119 girls and 82 boys. The causes and correlates of the emergence of victim behavior were identified, with the subsequent inclusion of adolescents in socially useful activities. Results : The substantive content of various types of victim behavior of adolescents was revealed. It also describes non-victim behavior. It highlights and describes the conditions for the effective work on transformation of victim behavior among teenagers. It represents the results of the research of security settings of the educational environment which is also the base for safe behavior. This article also defines the parameters of psychological and pedagogical support which provides the transformation of the teenager behavior. Conclusions: The organization of socially useful activities can be an effective means of transforming maladaptive forms of victim behavior.

Psychotherapy targets for comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder in cancer patients

The article describes the main psychotherapeutic targets and individual psychological characteristicsof cancer patients with comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), using the example of breast cancer, prostate cancer, and rectal cancer patients in remission following surgery (mastectomy, prostatectomy, and colostomy). The study was carried out at N. N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology. The experimental group consisted of 40 patients with breast cancer, 32 patients with prostate cancer, and 19 patients with rectal cancer, in accordance with the selection criteria and based on a specialized questionnaire designed to detect symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (Trauma Screening Questionnaire). A control group, for comparison, was comprised of 51 women with breast cancer, 53 patients with prostate cancer, and 22 patients with rectal cancer who showed signs of constructively coping with cancer. The assessment of individual psychological characteristics of patients in these nosological groups was carried out using a battery of experimental psychological techniques. In order to enhance the adaptive capacity of the personality in patients with oncological diseases, to prevent the likelihood of developing PTSD, and develop the effectiveness of treatment, the following general psychotherapeutic targets were identified: intrapsychic maladaptive type of response to the disease, excessive fixation on the disease and care during illness; low risk tolerance manifested by patients’ reluctance to act in the absence of reliable guarantees of success; destructive and deficient personality functions; shortage of positive cognitive representations of the world and themselves; destructive guilt associated with the illness and family relationships; excessive desire for autonomy and independence that reduces the possibility of receiving social support.

Identity formation in adolescents and emerging adults with type 1 diabetes

ABSTRACTThe present study investigated identity formation in adolescents and emerging adults with type 1 diabetes and its relation to psychological and diabetes-specific functioning. As diabetes management is especially challenging in these life periods, identity problems may not only hamper psychological adjustment, but could also impact diabetes management. A total of 431 patients were 1:1 matched with control participants, based on age, gender, and context (student, employed, other). To investigate identity types or statuses, cluster analysis on different identity processes was conducted, resulting in six statuses. Patients in foreclosure and achievement (both characterized by strong identity commitments) presented with the most adaptive functioning. Patients in troubled diffusion and moratorium (both characterized by a maladaptive type of exploration) showed the least adaptive scores on well-being, diabetes-specific problems, treatment adherence, and illness-perceptions. The present study underscores the importance of assessing identity issues in youth with type 1 diabetes.

Restless REM Sleep Impedes Overnight Amygdala Adaptation

Animal studies show that insufficient silencing of the locus coeruleus (LC) during REM sleep impairs sleep-related brain plasticity. Restless REM sleep, a characteristic of several psychiatric disorders, likely reflects insufficient LC silencing. We investigated whether endogenous REM sleep interruptions interfere with overnight reorganization of limbic circuits in human volunteers with a wide range of insomnia severity, from no insomnia complaints to fulfilling community-sample criteria for insomnia disorder. We induced a self-conscious emotion during two functional MRI sessions and recorded sleep EEG in between. Amygdala reactivity decreased overnight in proportion to the total duration of consolidated REM sleep. Restless REM sleep, in contrast, impeded overnight amygdala adaptation. Using targeted memory reactivation with odors tagged to the self-conscious emotional stimulus, we could experimentally enhance both the favorable effect of consolidated REM sleep and the unfavorable effect of restless REM sleep. The findings reveal a maladaptive type of sleep, providing a target for interventions in mental disorders characterized by restless REM sleep.