Straits Of Malacca Research Articles

A new evaluation approach to control maritime transportation accidents: A study case at the Straits of Malacca

The Strait of Malacca (SOM) has a high vessel traffic density, making it a bustling region with a significant risk of accidents. The safety of navigation will be jeopardised as trading and the number of vessels passing through the chokepoint increase. Additionally, the attempts to maintain security and safety in the region impose significant expenses on the government. A continuous effort is crucial to sustaining these numbers at bay in the future. As a result, this research aims to evaluate the traffic situation and develop a decision-making model to reduce maritime accidents at SOM. Following that, two Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) techniques were employed: the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The proposed decision-making model will assist the Marine Department of Malaysia and other related entities to promote safety awareness.

KAJIAN KRIMINOLOGI TERHADAP PENANGGULANGAN KASUS PENYELUNDUPAN NARKOBA YANG DIDOMINASI MELALUI PERAIRAN SELAT MALAKA

Based on Law No. 35 of 2009 on Drugs Article 113 paragraphs 1 and 2, drug smuggling have long be known as a crime. Indonesia belongs to the one of the target countries with the largest drug market commodity in the Southeast Asia region. The drug trafficking situation in Indonesia is also influenced by the ease of accessibility of circulation by utilizing land and sea routes, especially dominated through the Strait of Malacca.The existence of that activity still occurs. This study seeks to examine what is the factors which make the drug smuggling activities through the Strait of Malacca never completed and how the law works and efforts that have so far been made by the competent authorities to prevent drug transactions by sea. This research uses normative research methods by conducting case studies (case approaches). The results showed that there are two main factors that make drug smuggling activities dominated through the Strait of Malacca due to the strait area as an international transaction route that allows the entry of illegal foreign vessels and the second one, its because the lack of supervision by the authorities due to policy overlap so that the synergy of supervision does not run optimally.

The US-Malaysia Maritime Security Cooperation and Implication Towards Malaysia’s National Security

Maritime security cooperation is a strategic approach engaged by the Malaysian government that involves a bilateral agreement with the United States (US), including the various agencies and organizations. The involvement with maritime security is due to the emergence of serious Non-Traditional Security (NTS) threats over the Malaysian waterways (Straits of Malacca, the South China Sea and the Sulu Sea in Eastern Sabah). The bilateral security cooperation aims to overcome the Malaysian government’s gaps and limitations to govern its waterways. A qualitative method was used in this research to explain the implication of the US-Malaysia maritime security cooperation towards Malaysia’s national security, specifically in the maritime domain, from 2010 until 2021. This research has three objectives, namely; 1) to investigate maritime security issues and challenges; 2) to identify the importance of the US Malaysia maritime security cooperation; 3) to analyze the implications of security cooperation towards Malaysia’s national security. The national security concept was used in this research to support the maritime security collaboration between the US and Malaysia. This study found that Malaysia faces challenges and constraints from obsolescence, lack of maritime assets, and weaknesses in enforcing maritime laws, mainly dealing with increasing traditional and non-traditional security threats. Second, Malaysia can reduce the gap in the governance of maritime routes through bilateral security cooperation with the US. Third, Malaysia can maintain the peace and security of its maritime routes and improve and strengthen bilateral cooperation with the US through various stages, especially economic recovery in the post-pandemic era of COVID-19.

M2 tidal energy extraction in the Western Waters of Aceh, Indonesia

The influence of the principal lunar semidiurnal tidal constituent M2 is significant in the Malacca Strait, the Andaman Sea, and the Bay of Bengal. However, in the Indian Ocean, due to depth, the influence is not as strong as in those regions. The Western Waters of Aceh are directly adjacent to the Indian Ocean, the Andaman Sea, and the Malacca Strait. This study aims to map the tidal energy potential of M2 along the west coast of Aceh. The energy derived from tides is used as renewable energy to support the government's development targets. This study considered a power formula produced by a tidal turbine. The current velocity and elevation results showed excellent results. The weak tidal currents are evenly distributed in the south of the domain, but the tidal currents are strong in the north of the research domain because of the shallower depths and narrow gaps. Based on the magnitude of the current velocity, the extracted power is significant in the northern domain, reaching 337.08 kWh in one M2 period, or 507.36 kWh in a day. This amount is obtained from the power generated when the current reaches the blade, with a minimum of 3.79 W and a maximum of 6.37 kW. The total power obtained in the conversion of electrical power units was 507.36 kWh in one day. The location with the highest extraction has a depth of 24–43 m at sea level; thus, building a tidal turbine power plant is very possible.

Studies in Canarium urceus (Linnaeus, 1758) Part 6: A new Canarium species from the Andaman Sea (Gastropoda: Strombidae) and discussion on related species

This part of the Canarium (Canarium) urceus-complex (Linnaeus, 1758) review after Abbott’s revision (Abbott, 1960) revision examines material from the Andaman Sea. At present, material from that region has been synonymised under the name Canarium (Canarium) urceus (Linnaeus, 1758). Canarium (Canarium) andamanense new species is known from the Andamanian Subprovince, a semi enclosed basin that is centered on the Andaman Sea and enclosed by the west coasts of Myanmar and Thailand and the Mergui Archipelago in the east, to the northern Malacca Strait in the south, and to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the west. This species is recognized and differentiated by solid, sturdy shells with a triangular body whorl, large knobs on the shoulder and bright orange aperture. This study further confirms that there is a high degree of bioregionalisation within the Canarium complex.

Challenges for Indonesian Government in Controlling Illegal Fishing in Legal Perspective (Study in North Sumatera Province)

The provincial government of North Sumatera has vast maritime and fisheries potential, consisting of the potential for catching fisheries and for cultural fisheries. The potential of the catchment of the North Sumatera Province of the Straits of Malacca is 484,414 per year, and the potential of the Indian Ocean is 1,228,601 per year. Given the magnitude of the less exploited fisheries potential, which has led to North Sumatera Province becoming a fertile ground for Illegal, Unreported, Unregulated Fishing, or commonly mentioned as IUU Fishing, The current study uses the normative jurisprudence methodology, which is based on the main legal material by examining the theories, concepts, legal principles, and legislative rules. The type and nature of the research used is qualitative research with legal and policy approaches around IUU Fishing. The data sources used are secondary data sources using primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. Data collection techniques in this paper used library study and the results will be repeated to the respondents who have been determined. The Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries implemented three pillars to prevent and address the activities of IUU fishing, known as the three pillars policy, namely: sovereignty, sustainability, and welfare. That has been implemented in some of the ways among the ships that commit illegal fishing crimes for the deterrent effect; performing the moratorium on foreign vessels; the establishment of an eradication task force on illegal fishing 115. The many achievements undertaken by the Ministry of Maritime Fisheries are not accompanied by consistent efforts in the eradication efforts of IUU fishing in Indonesia. Keywords: IUU Fishing, Illegal Fishing, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries.

Geometric morphometric discrimination between seven populations of Kawakawa Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849) from Peninsular Malaysia

Small epipelagic and migratory, Euthynnus affinis (kawakawa) is one of the commercially significant tunas of Indo-Pacific tropical and subtropical waters. Unfortunately, the management and stock structure of certain migratory species in the area is not clear. The current study aimed to discriminate the E. affinis through shape and body size variations and to evaluate the variations among seven populations of E. affinis. A total of 114 individuals of E. affinis were collected from two main geographic areas; the Straits of Malacca and the South China Sea. Multivariate analyses, such as discriminant function analyses (DFA) and principal component analyses (PCA) of 11 homologous landmarks and seven morphometric variables were carried out to discriminate seven populations of E. affinis. The results revealed a significant variations among the body shape of the seven populations of E. affinis. Morphological homogenous occurred between populations obtained from the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia (Terengganu, Kelantan, and Johor). However, populations found on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia (Selangor) were separated and formed another cluster. The variations in the body shape of E. affinis occurred in the body depth and the overall body shape. The percentage of overall correct classification for all seven populations of E. affinis is 88.6%. This present study is the first report using a geometric morphometric method performed on the E. affinis from Peninsular Malaysian waters.

Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Dalam Tindak Pidana Penyeludupan Ballpress Di Wilayah Perairan Selat Malaka Di Sumatera Utara

This article aims to examine and analyze the legal rules governing the criminal act of ballpress smuggling, and how the factors that cause ballpress smuggling in the waters of the Malacca Strait in North Sumatra, and how the policies are taken against ballpress smuggling in the waters of the Malacca Strait in Sumatra. North. The problem is focused on how the laws governing the criminal act of ballpress smuggling and the factors causing ballpress smuggling as well as the policies implemented in handling the crime of ballpress smuggling. The research method in this paper is a normative legal research method. The data were collected through primary, secondary and tertiary data sources, then analyzed using qualitative analysis methods. This study concludes that the legal rules regarding the criminal act of ballpress smuggling are as follows: (a) Law Number 17 of 2006 concerning Amendments to Law no. 10 of 1995 concerning Customs. (b) Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection (UUPK) (c) Regulation of the Minister of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia Number 51/M-DAG/PER/7/2015 of 2015 concerning the Prohibition of the Import of Used Clothing (d) Decree of the Minister of Industry and Trade No.732/MPP/Kep/10/2002 concerning Textile Import Trading System. The factors causing ballpress smuggling in the waters of the Malacca Strait in North Sumatra are: (a) Geographical Factors, (b) Domestic Industry Conditions. (c), Natural Resources (SDA), (d) Excess Production, (e) Transportation, (f) Mentality, (g) Society. The policies taken against ballpress smuggling in the waters of the Malacca Strait in North Sumatra are: (a) The penal route, namely by applying criminal law (criminal law application), (b) The non-penal route.

Biogeography and Biodiversity of the Intertidal Barnacle Tetraclita Species in the Gulf of Thailand and Andaman Sea – Influences of Oceanographic Currents and Pleistocene Glaciations

The present study investigated the phylogeography of the intertidal barnacle Tetraclita in the Gulf of Thailand ecoregion (Sunda Shelf Province in the Pacific) and the Andaman Sea Coral Coast ecoregion (Andaman Province in the Indian Ocean) in Thailand’s waters. Tetraclita species were identified by a combined morphological and molecular approach using mitochondrial gene fragments (CO1 and 12S rRNA). Tetraclita singaporensis is a major occupiers on the Andaman coast but is sparse in the western Gulf of Thailand. Tetraclita squamosa inhabits almost all of our collection sites in the Gulf of Thailand but has a very low abundance in the Andaman Sea. Tetraclita kuroshioensis has two genetically distinct populations, one in the Andaman Sea and the other in the West Pacific region. S-DIVA analysis showed that the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of T. kuroshioensis was distributed in both the Andaman Sea and West Pacific region, with a relative probability of 63%; the analysis further identified two molecular subclades, one on each side of the Sunda Shelf by vicariance about 0.53 million years ago, far before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The MRCA of T. squamosa was based in the West Pacific region (relative probability: 90%), and dispersed into the Andaman Sea after the LGM. The MRCA of T. singaporensis was in the Andaman Sea (relative probability: 89.5%) and dispersed into the Gulf of Thailand via monsoonal currents through the Malacca Strait after the LGM. Presently, T. singaporensis is absent from the West Pacific region, further supporting its origin in the Andaman Sea. The distribution of intertidal barnacles in the Sunda Shelf and Andaman provinces is a result of the interplay between geological events and present day oceanographic currents.

Multi-colony calibration of barium isotopes between shallow-water coral skeletons and in-situ seawater: Implications for paleo proxies

Barium incorporated in coral skeletons has been widely used as paleo proxies to study terrestrial inputs, upwelling and anthropogenic activities in marine environments. However, these applications often face the challenges of poor replication in the coral skeletal Ba/Ca records from multiple coral colonies and complex Ba sources in coastal environments. Recent studies of Ba isotopes in seawater and deep-sea corals have demonstrated the potential to trace Ba sources and water mixing in the ocean, but there is still a lack of calibrations for Ba isotopes in shallow-water corals. In this study, we present the first multi-colony Ba isotope calibration from three shallow-water Porites lutea corals with the contemporaneous in-situ seawater data from the Singapore Strait. We also report the Ba isotope data in the regional water masses around the study area (e.g. South China Sea, Malacca Strait and Johor River estuary). Singapore water Ba concentrations and isotope compositions show a strong influence of terrestrial inputs, following seasonal salinity and monsoon-driven water-mass mixing between the Malacca Strait and the South China Sea. The coral skeletal δ138/134Ba results are generally consistent between the three coral colonies and time-series data closely follow the seasonal δ138/134Ba variations in seawater. Despite the partition coefficient of Ba having a large uncertainty (DBa=0.91±0.29), the Ba isotope fractionation between the coral skeletons and seawater is relatively constant (Δ138/134Bacoral-sw=−0.28±0.06‰) and shows no significant difference between these corals. The mechanism controlling Ba incorporation and isotope fractionation in coral skeletons remains unclear, but the evidence clearly indicates that the coral skeletal Ba is originated from dissolved Ba in seawater. The constant offset of Ba isotopes between coral skeletons and seawater allows for reliable records of seawater δ138/134Ba values. Ba isotopes in coral skeletons could be used to reconstruct surface water salinity variability in the Singapore Strait, reflecting monsoon driven changes in regional water mass mixing.

Assessment on the distributions and exchange of anionic surfactants in the coastal environment of Peninsular Malaysia: A review.

Terrestrial anionic surfactants (AS) enter the marine environment through coastal region. Despite that, in general limited knowledge is available on the coastal AS transfer pathway. This paper aims to assess the distributions and exchange of AS in the Peninsular Malaysia coastal environments, adjacent to the southern waters of South China Sea and Strait of Malacca. An assessment case study was conducted by a review on the available data from the workgroup that span between the year 2008 and 2019. The findings showed that AS dominated in the sea surface microlayer (SML, 57%) compared to subsurface water (SSW, 43 %). AS were also found to have dominated in fine mode (FM, 71 %) compared to coarse mode (CM, 29 %) atmospheric aerosols. SML AS correspond to the SSW AS (p < 0.01); however, highest enrichment factor (EF) of the SML AS was not consistent with highest SSW AS. Direct AS exchange between SML and FM and CM was not observed. Furthermore, the paper concludes AS mainly located in the SML and FM and could potentially be the main transfer pathway in the coastal environment.

“A Special Form of Making Foreign Policy by the Threat of War to Imperialists”. A Case Study of Military-Political Activity of Central Committee Presidium under N.S. Khrushchev, 1954–1964. Part 1

Khrushchev’s foreign policy (1953–1964) that characterized by the strategy of “balancing on the edge” is usually recognized as erroneous. Immediately after Stalin’s death, his successors initially feared a nuclear attack from the United States, which their own Air Force and Air Defense were unable to repel or to retaliate. Therefore, in 1954–1955, the Soviet leader attempted to create a buffer zone of neutral states along the perimeter of the USSR’s borders: he stopped the Korean War, proposed the mutual withdrawal of troops from Europe, etc. After the 1955 Geneva Conference, Khrushchev began to act more courageously, because he saw that the U.S. were afraid of the USSR too and didn’t want to attack it first. Trying to use the opportunities of the European colonial empires’ disintegration, the USSR provided to the newly independent states in Asia and Africa a large-scale economic, military, technical, and political support, and first of all, to Egypt and Indonesia, which controlled the Suez Canal and the Strait of Malacca – key areas on the sea route from Europe to the Far East. The negotiations between Mao Tse Tung and Khrushchev in 1957–1958 reveals their intention to shake up the military blocs created by the Americans near the borders of the socialist camp (NATO, SEATO, the Baghdad Pact). The Soviet leader initiated a series of political crises as interconnected stages of geopolitical offensive against the US position: the Suez (1956), the Syrian (1957), the Middle East (1958), the 2nd Berlin (1958), the Caribbean (1962), etc., which brought the USSR to the brink of war.

Development prospects and importance of the Northern Sea Route

The Northern Sea Route is an important maritime transport route. A significant complex of scientific problems currently consists of economic and legal aspects of its functioning. Russia has sovereign rights to the Northern Sea Route in terms of possession of the Arctic waters, as well as adjacent territories. This provision is justified by the rights of the discoverer of the Arctic lands and the transcontinental Arctic transport route, the recognized borders of the polar possessions of Russia, the centuries-old prohibition of the economic use of these waters without its consent and the technical possibility of operating the Northern Sea Route. Over the past quarter of a century, freight traffic by this route has grown more than twenty times. It is an alternative to the existing transport route from the states of the Far East to Europe through the Strait of Malacca and the Suez Canal. In particular, the use of this route during the six-month navigation provided by the icebreaker fleet of Russia reduces travel time by two weeks and costs by 20%. As a result, the increased congestion of the existing route and the economic benefits of using the Northern Sea Route are objective grounds for it to become its alternative. At the same time, it should be noted that Russia’s interest in sovereign rights to use the Northern Sea Route is both the most important basis for its development and the reason for limiting its use. The sovereignty of rights means the denial of the principle of freedom of navigation. In turn, the transport route through the Strait of Malacca and the Suez Canal is not in the sovereign possession of a particular country. The Suez Canal belonging to Egypt, on the basis of the so-called Constantinople Convention of 1888, should not be blocked under any circumstances. Russia does not provide such guarantees. At the same time, the international use of the Northern Sea Route is steadily increasing.

Stock identification of Kawakawa Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849) from Peninsular Malaysia using discriminant analysis

Small epipelagic and migratory, Eutynnus affinis (kawakawa) is one of the commercially significant tunas of Indo-Pacific’s tropical and subtropical waters. Consequently, successful management must ensure its sustainability. Unfortunately, the management and stock structure of certain migratory species in the area are not clear. The current study aimed to discriminate the E. affinis through body shape variations and to evaluate the variations among seven populations of E. affinis. A total of 114 individuals of E. affinis collected from two main geographic area, Straits of Malacca and South China Sea. Multivariate analyses, such as discriminant function analyses (DFA) of 12 morphometric characters was carried out to discriminate seven populations of E. affinis. The results revealed there is a significant variation among the body shape and seven populations of E. affinis. The average shapes of populations from Terengganu, Kelantan, and Johor were approximately similar to each other. In contrast, the average shapes of populations from Selangor were separated. This present study is the first report using morphometric method conducted on E. affinis from Peninsular Malaysian waters.

REGULATION OF THE MAKASSAR STRAIT USE AS A WORLD STRATEGIC ROUTE

The world sea lanes of communication passes through seven straits which are politically and economically very strategic because they involve the survival of a number of countries where four of these waters are within Indonesian sovereignty, namely the Malacca Strait, the Sunda Strait, the Lombok Strait, and the Strait. Makassar. The purpose of this paper is to analyze regulations relating to the use of the Makassar Strait. This type of research is normative legal research using a statutory approach. Data collection techniques used are document studies or library materials, all data collected are analyzed qualitatively, then described to answer the problem. The results show that the birth of the 3rd United Nations (UN) Convention on the Law of the Sea (United Nation Convention on the Law of the Sea / UNCLOS), December 10, 1982, was the beginning of the birth of the law of the sea which recognized the concept of an archipelago state. The Government of the Republic of Indonesia then ratified the convention with the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 17 of 1985. Then the promulgation of Law No. 6 of 1996 on Indonesian Waters, as well as Government Regulation No. 37 of 2002 concerning the Rights and Obligations of Foreign Ships and Aircraft in Implementing the Right of Archipelagic Sea Lane Passage through Designated Archipelagic Sea Lanes. The latest regulation is that the Government has issued Presidential Regulation No. 83/2020 concerning the Zoning Plan for the Makassar Strait Interregional Area, which is the entire Regulation Relating to the Use of the Makassar Strait. Therefore, the potential threats in each of the Indonesian Archipelago Sea Lanes must be handled properly, especially in the Makassar Strait area which will become a future transshipment, given the current density of the Malacca Strait.

Disruption of maritime trade chokepoints and the global LNG trade: An agent-based modeling approach

Maritime chokepoints are key corridors in the global supply chain because they connect waterbodies, countries, and regions worldwide with few alternative routes. In case of closure (as the blockade of the Suez Canal in March 2021), the energy supply is substantially affected. Therefore, clear and safe passage through these chokepoints plays a critical role in energy transportation, global economy, and sustainable development. This study uses Agent-Based Modeling to develop an LNG market model and simulate the disruption of three main chokepoints: Panama Canal, Suez Canal / Bab el-Mandeb Strait, and Malacca Strait. After validating the computational model with the actual historical data, the model shows the chokepoints blockade effects on changing the LNG trade and exports from suppliers. The implications are immediate. In general, countries should work together to secure maritime trade routes, retain clear and safe maritime corridors, establish potential passages as alternatives to these chokepoints where possible, and decentralize LNG plants to have access from or to different maritime routes. Each importer should integrate their gas markets with pipelines networks, search for domestic gas resources, and diversify energy sources to decline energy dependency and gas imports from remote producing areas.

Concentration of dissolved heavy metal around the Rupat waters industrial activity, Malacca Strait

The Rupat Strait is a water area located between Rupat Island and Dumai City. This area is growing rapidly which is characterized by increasing coastal residential areas, commercial centers, industries, ports and also increasing marine transportation. This increase in activity can lead to a decrease in the water quality of the Rupat Strait. This study aims to analyze the water quality of heavy metals Cadmium (Cd), Cuprum (Cu), Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn) and Nickel (Ni) in the waters of the Rupat Strait. Sampling of surface water using sample bottles was carried out at 9 observation stations from the waters of West Rupat to South Rupat, then testing the water samples in the laboratory. The results of the analysis show that the lead and nickel values still meet the threshold values set by the Minister of Environment No.51 of 2014. A total of 30% of the sample points for cadmium testing water do not meet the quality standards and have been polluted. Meanwhile, the values of cuprum and zinc have exceeded the specified quality standards and have polluted the waters of the Rupat Strait. There is a need for a mechanism from various aspects to maintain water quality that still meets the threshold and certain efforts are needed to reduce heavy metal pollution, namely cuprum and zinc in the waters of the Rupat Strait and its surroundings.

Feasibility of bootstrap aggregating to enhance extreme learning machine for reference evapotranspiration estimation

Estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) is a challenging, yet important task as the ET value can be used to predict many other natural phenomena. In this work, the reference evapotranspiration (ET0) was estimated using the extreme learning machine (ELM) at two meteorological stations located in the northern region of the Straits of Malacca. Optimum designs of the ELM were first determined and it was found that the different number of hidden neurons and activation functions were favourable to various input combinations. In order to enhance the performance of the ELM, the bootstrap aggregating algorithm was integrated to resample the original dataset. However, the performance of bagged-ELM was found to be poorer than the base ELM. This could be attributed to the high stability of the base ELM model whereby the training size already overwhelmed the dimensionality of the problem itself. The bootstrap aggregation data fusion technique produced a “backfire” effect that degraded the accuracy and generalisability of the base ELM model.

КРИЗАБІЖЕНЦІВ РОГІНДЖА ЯК МУСУЛЬМАНСЬКОЇ МЕНШИНИ В М’ЯНМІ ТА РЕАКЦІЯ ООН НА ЦЮ ПРОБЛЕМУ

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the causes and consequences of the forced migration of the Rohingya Muslim minority from Myanmar to the countries of Southeast Asia. The Rohingya problem is considered as composed of various clusters of past and present human rights violations in Myanmar which has caused their forced migration to neighboring countries of ASEAN, such as Bangladesh, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand, on boats through the waters of the Malacca Strait and the Andaman Sea. This study analyzes the UN responses to manage and resolve the Rohingya problems as well. International initiatives for the introduction of the peace process and mediation services of China to resolve the conflict are studied.

Penanggulangan Kejahatan Transnational Crime Oleh Ditpolair Polda Sumut Di Wilayah Selat Malaka

The development of a very dynamic strategic environment has resulted in efforts to enforce the law of sovereignty and security at sea, especially in the Malacca strait area from time to time always faced with quite complex challenges. Moreover, if it is related to the geographical constellation of Indonesia in the form of an archipelago with two-thirds of its territory consisting of the sea, its strategic position and the content of potential marine resources. The problems discussed in this thesis are: First, the formulation of legal policies against transnational crime. Second, the prevention of transnational crime in the Malacca Strait area by the Ditpolair Polda North Sumatra. Third, the obstacles in overcoming transnational crime in the Malacca Straits area by the Ditpolair Polda North Sumatra. The research method used in this thesis research consists of research specifications, data sources, data collection techniques and data analysis. The type of research used is normative legal research, namely legal research that uses secondary data sources with an emphasis on theoretical and qualitative analysis which is also referred to as library research or document study. Legal policy formulation, of course, must first begin by looking at the act as a crime by making criminal regulations that contain sanctions for criminals (criminalization). The criminalization of transnational crimes that occur in the waters of the Malacca Strait can be seen in the provisions contained in the legislation by grouping the elements of unlawful acts that can be held criminally responsible for the perpetrators. The criminal provisions contained in the laws and regulations that are formed are essentially for the creation of legal certainty as a legal goal. Legal policy for dealing with transnational crime based on the strategic environment of the Malacca Strait is influenced by several aspects, including geography, demography and natural resources. Border areas in the Malacca Strait that are not supervised, especially water areas, create vulnerability to the theft of natural resources such as illegal fishing. In addition, several border areas and outer islands which are only limited by forest areas also create vulnerability to illegal logging carried out by foreign nationals.