Human Makeup Research Articles

Some European collaborative research programmes in aerodynamics

Collaboration or co-operation is variously described as helpfulness, joint effort, team work, working together, sink or swim together, ‘a long pull, a strong pull, and a pull all together’. It implies cheerful consent and eagerness, cordiality and goodwill. All these are characteristics inherent in the human make-up. Men learnt early on that they could, and had to, specialise and share the work and that they could, and had to, trust one another. These characteristics are probably largely responsible for the survival of our species. In what I want to say, collaboration means all these things. My main theme will be that these characteristics must now motivate us to ensure the survival of aerospace research and its application to keep European aviation alive and competitive. All my remarks will be confined to research matters.

Education and the Growth of Conscience

Consciences are neither born nor made, they develop. Development in living beings is the outcome of interaction between the individual and the environment; specifically, in the case of moral development, between the individual person and the culture. The child is born with the potential ability to distinguish between ‘good’ and ‘bad’ in terms other than those of immediate personal satisfaction to which the infant is limited, but the growing child can make assessments only in terms of the values which he is taught. He has. as part of his human make-up, the tendency to pursue the perceived good and to shun the perceived bad. What he actually perceives as good and bad depends largely on what the society into which he is born teaches him so to perceive. This is not to say that the individual's capacity for moral judgment is wholly dependent on the influence of external agents; the ultimate structure of conscience is unique because no two environments are entirely alike and no two individuals are entirely alike.Though it has been said that moral development is the result of interaction between the individual and the culture one must be yet more precise. The child receives his values not from ‘the culture’ or from ‘ ‘society’ in a large and undefined sense but from a fairly circumscribed group of persons: parents and siblings, other adults in the family circle, school teachers and companions. This means that values are never transmitted to the child in a ‘pure’ state, they are always, in some way. modified by the person who mediates them.

Fear: Its Nature and Diverse Uses

The “Hyde” character of fear has been so widely, and generally so exclusively, dwelt upon, that a review of what can be truthfully said in praise of its “Jekyll” character is, I trust, not untimely. I shall proceed on the assumption that all the natural passions, with-out exception, are essential, ineradicable factors in our human make-up, each allowing of both use and abuse. This, as I shall endeavour to show, is no less true of fear than of what we quite justly call the higher emotions.

The Private Duty Nurse in the Home of the Tuberculous Patient

GIVING a bath, doing a dressing, giving medicines, or performing any number of the other more or less manual nursing technics in a highly skilled and proficient manner is by no means the whole story of adequate care of the sick. Basic as these services are in all types of nursing, they need not be ends in themselves. They can be undeniable evidence that the nurse really cares for the sick, insofar as they assume their proper place in a service that aims to promote the well-being of the total individual. The ills of the flesh are indeed paramount in their demands upon the nurse's skill, but so, too, are the abnormal deviations of the mental and emotional reactions of the patient. Personality maladjustments are just as much a part of the sick condition of the patient as are nausea, vomiting, and fever. So interrelated are the flesh, the mind, and the spirit that complete restoration to health cannot take place unless each aspect of the human makeup is functioning satisfactorily. Similarly, the external environment of the patient plays an important part in the total rehabilitative process. To say that economic strain and social maladjustments affect the recovery of the patient is such commonplace knowledge of all nurses that further reference to it might seem wholly out of place. And yet, perhaps because of its very obviousness or a laissez faire attitude on the part of the nurse, the true significance of environmental factors is not always fully realized. To further state that illness disrupts, in a measure, the r6gime of the home and that the patient may be