Makes People Look Research Articles

ДОВЕРИЕ КАК ВАЖНЫЙ ФАКТОР СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ СТАБИЛЬНОСТИ

In the current situation, the role of trust as a factor of social stability is growing. At the same time, public opinion forms ratings of different politicians in terms of the degree of their trust in them. Studying the aspects of trust in relation to current situation is the subject of the article. In recent years, the trust in politicians, parties, and public institutions has been exposed to serious challenges. The complicated economic situation, the aggravation of international relations, including international conflicts and manifestations of nationalism, increase the risks of instability. On the one hand, that makes people look at the issue of trust in politicians in a new way. They expect from them such qualities that help to manage the situation in important spheres of life, to resolve economic, political, social and other important issues. On the other hand, those changes require the increased researches of sociologists not only at theoretical but also practical levels. The aim of the paper is to analyze changing people’s views on trust in the present-day politicians in context of the current situation. The present material continues the study on the interdependence of political trust and social stability. Methods used in the study covers secondary analysis of surveys data of some poll centers such as Russian Public Opinion Research Center, etc. The results are based on the materials of author’s study of the theme.

Training For Processing Household Waste Into Eco-Enzyme (Liquid of Million Benefits) Based on Eco-Community in Supporting Increasing Family Income in Padang City

Family welfare in West Sumatra has begun to falter due to the coronavirus (Covid-19) with the reduction of workers, resulting in a decrease in family income. Not a few families experience limitations and powerlessness in meeting basic needs, this makes people look for solutions by staying at home but still being able to meet family needs. The training on processing household waste into eco-enzymes based on eco-community is carried out as one solution to the problems faced by the community, which aims to make household waste that has been thrown away into eco-enzymes as a liquid (a million benefits) based on eco-community so that waste can be used and even economically valuable so that it becomes family income and city problems can also be resolved. The training for productive age housewives who do not work to utilize household waste into eco-enzymes that are of the sale value and can be used at home as a multi-purpose liquid and to develop the life skills of housewives so that they can take advantage of their free time and can help the husband in meeting the economic needs of the family. This training has an impact in 1) increasing family income despite working from home; 2) being able to take advantage of the free time of housewives by the skill of processing waste; 3) the formation of an eco-community as a society that cares about the environment and makes waste with economic value; 4) reduce waste as a problem in the city of Padang.

Valuing excitement makes people look forward to old age less and dread it more.

Previous research has shown that American culture places a premium on excitement, enthusiasm, and other high-arousal positive states (HAP) compared with various East Asian cultures. In two studies, we tested the prediction that valuing HAP would be associated with less positive personal views of old age (i.e., fewer things people looked forward to and more things they dreaded about old age) in samples of European American, Chinese American, and Hong Kong Chinese younger, middle-aged, and older adults. In Study 1 (N = 849), participants rated how much they ideally wanted to feel HAP during a typical week and described their personal views of old age. As predicted, European American middle and older adults valued HAP more than did their Chinese American and Hong Kong Chinese peers, and these differences in ideal HAP were related to less positive personal views of old age. In Study 2 (N = 164), we experimentally manipulated how much individuals valued HAP and then assessed their personal views of old age: Across cultures, participants in the "value HAP" condition had less positive personal views of old age than did those in the control condition. These effects did not emerge for societal views of old age (i.e., what people associated with "someone" old vs. young). Together, these findings suggest that people's personal views of their own old age are due, in part, to how much excitement they ideally want to feel. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

A Glimpse of the Truth : How Manners Produce Charm in What Maisie Knew

This article reads Henry James’s What Maisie Knew as novel of manners that reflects how people’s relationships and perceptions of others are affected by manners. Although many critics have investigated the problem of “knowledge” in their readings of the novel, “ignorance” has not received much attention. What Maisie Knew illustrates how both mystery/distance and intimacy/closeness produce charm; manners allow one to wield social power over other people through mystery and distance, but at the same time, knowing each other’s unique manners makes people look irresistibly charming to each other. As Roland Barthes explains in Camera Lucida, punctum makes its possessor unique, and similarly, charm marks its possessor a distinct being in the novel. Yet just as Barthes cannot find his mother’s essence in innumerable pieces of pictures after her death, James’s characters fail to see other characters fully and coherently just by recognizing the vividness of their charm. James suggests that manners make individuals continue on their way to knowledge by giving and withholding it and that one should keep wondering about others even though they can only catch a glimpse of truth.

Hardcore Heritage: Imagination for Preservation.

Should the practice of the historic preservation of built and landscape heritage necessarily be based on conservation? Monuments, listed buildings, landscapes, and other forms of built heritage, are typically regarded as immutable and untouchable—objects to be “conserved”—and as a result tend to fade from public imagination and memory (Rietveld et al., 2017). Current conservative preservation practices tend to fixate built heritage into an arbitrary historical state (choosing for example the building's early seventeenth century state as the reference), which negates both the historical process that shaped it (and followed it), as well as any possibility for rendering it relevant for the present or to bring us further into the future. Instead of just halting decay, we argue that one should aim at generating meaning from the old for current and future generations. In order to achieve this, we need a radically new perspective on built cultural heritage, which can only be reached by approaching heritage in a different way: one that conceives of preservation as an effort toward imagination and activation, rather than conservation. This view has been the motivation behind RAAAF's radical interventions in the field of heritage. RAAAF [Rietveld Architecture-Art-Affordances] is a multidisciplinary studio operating at the intersection of architecture, visual art and philosophy. One example (Figure 1) of such a new perspective on cultural heritage is Bunker 599, where RAAAF|Atelier de Lyon cut through a bunker that is part of the UNESCO World Heritage-nominated New Dutch Waterline. In a radical way this intervention sheds new light on the Dutch and UNESCO policies on cultural heritage. At the same time, it makes people look at their surroundings in a new way. The bunker becomes the entrance to an 80 km long potential park of the twenty-first century, the New Dutch Waterline Park. A seemingly indestructible bunker with monumental status is sliced open. Paradoxically, after the intervention Bunker 599 became a Dutch national monument, so it “increased” in monumental value. The strategic intervention (Rietveld E. et al., 2014) offers a new perspective on the other 700 bunkers in the New Dutch Waterline.

The effects of smiling on perceived age defy belief.

It is a common belief that smiling makes people appear younger. Empirical findings, however, suggest that smiling faces are actually perceived as older than neutral faces. Here we show that these two apparently contradictory phenomena can co-exist in the same person. In the first experiment, participants were first asked to estimate the ages of a series of smiling or neutral faces. After that, they were asked to estimate the average age of the set of neutral and smiling faces they had just evaluated. Finally, they were asked what effect smiling has on one's perceived age. In the experimental session, smiling faces were perceived as older than neutral faces. Nevertheless, after the experiment, consistent with their retrospective evaluations, participants recalled smiling faces as being younger than the neutral faces. Experiment 2 replicated and extended these results to a set of emotional expressions that also included surprised faces. Smiling faces were again perceived as older than neutral faces, which were in turn perceived as older than surprised faces. Again, retrospective evaluations were consistent with the belief that smiling makes people look younger. The findings show that this belief, well-rooted in popular media, is a complete misconception.

Choctaw Nation Youth Sun Exposure Survey.

The incidence of skin cancer is rising among American Indians (AI) but the prevalence of harmful ultraviolet light (UVL) exposures among AI youth is unknown. In 2013, UVL exposures, protective behaviors, and attitudes toward tanning were assessed among 129 AI and Non-Hispanic (NHW) students in grades 8–12 in Southeastern Oklahoma. Sunburn was reported by more than half the AI students and most of the NHW students. One-third of AI students reported never using sunscreen, compared to less than one-fifth of NHW students, but racial differences were mitigated by propensity to burn. Less than 10% of students never covered their shoulders when outside. Girls, regardless of race, wore hats much less often than boys. Regardless of race or sex, more than one-fourth of students never stayed in the shade, and more than one-tenth never wore sunglasses. The prevalence of outdoor tanning did not differ by race, but more than three-fourths of girls engaged in this activity compared to less than half the boys. Indoor tanning was reported by 45% of the girls, compared to 20% of girls nationwide, with no difference by race. Nearly 10% of boys tanned indoors. Among girls, 18% reported more than ten indoor tanning sessions. Over one-quarter of participants agreed that tanning makes people look more attractive, with no significant difference by race or sex. Investigations of UVL exposures should include AI youth, who have not been represented in previous studies but whose harmful UVL exposures, including indoor tanning, may place them at risk of skin cancer.

乐观的研究现状与展望

在过去几十年，乐观成为积极心理学领域的研究焦点之一。乐观是个体对未来持有的积极期望，持有这一积极信念的个体即使在困境中也能看到事物的积极面，付出持续努力，最终获得好的结果。大量研究表明乐观能够带来诸多益处，这可能与乐观者的应对方式或知觉偏差有关。未来研究应：深入研究乐观的认知特点；探索乐观的前因变量以及提高乐观水平的方式；最后应注意乐观可能带来的消极影响。 In the past decades, optimism has become a research focus in the field of Positive Psychology. As a positive expectation for future, optimism makes people look at the positive side of things and keep trying to get good results even they are in trouble. Lots of researches have shown that optimism is beneficial in many life domains. It may relate to the coping style or the perceptual bias of optimists. Future research should focus on the cognitive structure and the antecedents of optimism, finding ways to help people become more optimistic, and concerning the side effects of optimism.

Expressed needs associated with orthodontic treatment in a private dental college, Mathura

Introduction: The primary goal for most of the patients who seek orthodontic treatment is a discernible improvement in some aspect of their dento-facial appearance. Orthodontic therapy makes people look better and feel better about themselves and perhaps influences their ability for social interaction. Hence, this study was conducted to assess expressed needs and barriers associated with orthodontic treatment. Objectives: To know main motivational factor behind seeking orthodontic treatment and to correlate these factors with other variables such as age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Materials and Methods: The study included 200 orthodontic patients between 12 and 25 years visiting a private dental college, Mathura during July 2014 to September 2014. Structured proforma consisting of closed ended questions was used for assessing social demographic characteristics, factors and the barriers, which were associated with orthodontic treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. Results: This study comprised of 120 females. Self-confidence (48%) was the main motivating for undergoing treatment among the subjects. Social interaction (44%) was the most common area of improvement expected by the patients after orthodontic treatment. Financial constraints were the main barrier for seeking treatment found among 30% patients. Conclusion: Patients seek orthodontic treatment mainly to enhance facial esthetics, self-confidence and social acceptability. The mismatch of need and desire for treatment is a problem for orthodontists.

Imitation and luck: An experimental study on social sampling

In this paper, we present the results of two experiments on social sampling, where people make a risky decision after they have sampled the behavior of others who have done exactly the same problem before them. In an individual decision making problem as well as in the takeover game, the simple behavioral rule of imitating the best appears to be a robust description of behavior despite the fact that it is not optimal in any of the experimental tasks. Social sampling makes people look more risk seeking than the people who do not have the opportunity to sample.

Different and similar at the same time: when the activation of dissimilarity makes people look more similar

AbstractWhether two people are presented as similar or different may have a strong impact on the outcome of their comparison. In the present research, we examined the counterintuitive hypothesis that activating dissimilarity increases the perception of similarities between people, in other words increases perceived feature overlap, during the comparison process. We investigated this prediction by asking people to judge the perceived similarity between two faces with a suboptimally related or unrelated morph inserted in between (to influence joint categorization), and with similar or different facial expressions (to vary the salience of similar or different features). The results confirmed our expectations: In the similarity (joint categorization) condition, two faces that differed in expression were perceived as more dissimilar than faces with the same expression. More important for our prediction, in the dissimilarity condition two faces with different expressions were no longer perceived as more dissimilar than two faces with the same expression. We discuss implications of these findings for the mechanisms underlying comparisons between people. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Television: Acronyms, Specifications, and Geometry

IF A NEW high-tech television is in your future, you might want to bone up on your geometry. Let me explain. In the early days of television, the National Television Standards Commission (NTSC) set the aspect ratio (width divided by height) of the television screen at 4 by 3 or 1.33. Today, you can still buy 4-by-3 sets, or you can buy a widescreen set with an aspect ratio of 16 by 9 or 1.78. Most television stations or channels still broadcast in a 4-by-3 format, so a television set with that aspect ratio makes sense. However, if you watch a lot of movies or programs on high-definition, cable, or satellite channels, a number of these will be widescreen productions. Now here is the downside of this geometry. If you watch a 16-by-9 program on a 4-by-3 set, the screen is boxed--meaning it has black bars on the top and bottom of the screen (Figure 1, top). If you watch a 4-by-3 program on a 16-by-9 set, the image is boxed--meaning there are black bars on the left and right of the screen (Figure 1, bottom). In either case, a sizable portion of the television screen is unused. (I should mention here that Europe and other parts of the world do not use the NTSC standard, so some of what follows does not apply to readers outside the U.S.) [FIGURE 1 OMITTED] There are several work arounds for letter boxing and pillar boxing. Most widescreen sets (16 by 9) have aspect adjustments. The most common aspect adjustment is to stretch--or widen--a 4-by-3 program to fill the widescreen. I suppose you could get used to this, but it sure makes people look plump. Going in the opposite direction, some widescreen DVD movies are also available in full-screen versions, but this is becoming less and less common. A second downside to this geometry quandary is that watching a 4-by-3 program on a large widescreen set (unstretched) is like watching it on a significantly smaller 4-by-3 set. What you thought was going to look like a large picture looks a lot smaller. Here's a brief tabular presentation of effective viewing reduction for widescreen sets of various sizes. (The figures are for diagonal measurements and are in inches.) CNet has an online calculator that will give you these comparisons for any size widescreen set at http://reviews.cnet.com/ 4520-7608_7-1016109-4.html. Hint: CNet calls pillar boxing window boxing, and remember to use the lower of the two calculators. The bottom line is you must examine your viewing habits before you buy a new television. Of course, if you have the space, you can have a television room and a separate home theater room for your widescreen. Ultimately, most people will buy a newer widescreen set because they want to move up to High-Definition Television (HDTV) and because they like the movie theater look of the newer format. The old television standard set by the NTSC was labeled 480i. This format had 480 horizontal lines of resolution that were, as the i signifies, That is, the television displayed the odd-numbered lines every 60th of a second and the even-numbered lines in the next 60th of a second. You can actually see these lines if you look closely at the screen. Unfortunately, viewers rarely saw a television program with all 480 lines of resolution, since most programming was produced with only about 250 lines of resolution. And interlacing causes an imperceptible flicker that can contribute to eyestrain. The most common HDTV standards are 720p and 1080i or 1080p. Each has as many lines of resolution as the numbers suggest. The p stands for progressive scan, which means that all lines are displayed at one time--not interlaced. Suffice it to say, if you buy an HDTV you should be sure it can display at least one of the standards mentioned here. Another important consideration is the number of pixels (picture elements) an HDTV can display. Most newer HDTVs have pixel ratings of about 1280 by 720. …

A Primer on the New Television

I DON'T LIKE being confused, so I set out to get unconfused about HDTV (high-definition television), liquid crystal displays (LCD), and plasma television sets. It took me several hours to glean the information for this column, and I pass it along in the hope that it will save readers some time. If you are happy with your old TV and have not been in a consumer electronics store lately, then all is well, and my advice is, don't go. I recently had the opportunity to attend the large audio/video convention called InfoComm. InfoComm showcases all the new gear -- a lot of which is supersized. The new televisions at InfoComm were so stunning that I thought I could reach into the picture and touch things. Even if you are not in the market for one of these splendid new televisions, I recommend you clip and save this column for when you are. In the meantime, stay out of the store! For over 50 years, the U.S. television standard has been the National Television System Commission or NTSC. NTSC television at best has approximately 480 horizontal lines of resolution and stereo audio. Videocassette tapes have about half of this resolution. To accommodate relatively slow frame rates (30 frames per second), NTSC television signals are interlaced. An interlaced signal consists of two fields, the odd-numbered lines and the even-numbered lines, which are displayed sequentially in 1/60th of a second each. This is too fast for the human eye to notice. Sorry about the jargon. Just remember 480i. There are a number of new HDTV standards, but by far the most common are 720p and 1080i. The numbers indicate the number of vertical pixels. The p stands for progressive scan, which means the frame or image is drawn all at once. Both these new standards offer about four times the resolution of the older 480i. Of course, 1080 is not four times 480, but remember we are dealing with improvement in both the vertical and horizontal resolution. It is desirable to purchase an HDTV that can display all three resolutions mentioned here. The NTSC or 480i screen was nearly square (an aspect ratio of 4:3). Most HDTVs are wide screens that look more like a movie screen (an aspect ratio of 16:9). The future of television is wide screen; the HDTV specification is wide screen. How soon you should buy a wide screen, however, is a tough decision. If you watch a lot of movies, then a wide screen makes sense. If you watch a wide-screen movie on a regular 4:3 television, you see what is called boxing. There is a black bar at the top and bottom of the picture. Conversely, if you have a wide-screen television and watch regular programming designed for a 4:3 screen, the black bars are at the side of the screen. Personally, I think letter boxing is the less desirable of the two options, but it's a matter of taste. Some new televisions will let you stretch the picture one way or another to fill the screen, but it sure makes people look funny. I should mention that DVDs cannot give you an HDTV-quality picture. The picture is good, and it looks really good on an HDTV television. But it is not quite up to HDTV quality. For a true HDTV picture, you have three practical options: a HDTV antenna, a satellite receiver, or a cable company that is distributing HDTV programming. All major television networks except Fox now offer some of their programming in HDTV. How much HDTV programming you can actually get depends on your location, your particular cable company, and so on. You will need to do a little research to learn just how much HDTV programming is available to you. Both satellite and cable television providers offer digital video, but video is not the same as HDTV. All HDTV is digital, but the opposite is not true. The variety of different technologies used in today's televisions is bewildering. The list includes the familiar CRT or tube-type television, which is now sometimes called direct view; front- and rear- screen-projection television; LCD; and plasma flat panels. …