乐观的研究现状与展望

Abstract

在过去几十年，乐观成为积极心理学领域的研究焦点之一。乐观是个体对未来持有的积极期望，持有这一积极信念的个体即使在困境中也能看到事物的积极面，付出持续努力，最终获得好的结果。大量研究表明乐观能够带来诸多益处，这可能与乐观者的应对方式或知觉偏差有关。未来研究应：深入研究乐观的认知特点；探索乐观的前因变量以及提高乐观水平的方式；最后应注意乐观可能带来的消极影响。 In the past decades, optimism has become a research focus in the field of Positive Psychology. As a positive expectation for future, optimism makes people look at the positive side of things and keep trying to get good results even they are in trouble. Lots of researches have shown that optimism is beneficial in many life domains. It may relate to the coping style or the perceptual bias of optimists. Future research should focus on the cognitive structure and the antecedents of optimism, finding ways to help people become more optimistic, and concerning the side effects of optimism.